Browsing by Author "Rai, Sanjay Kumar"

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    An open loop 0D-3D modeling of pulsatile hemodynamics for the diagnosis of a suspected coronary arterial disease with patient data
    (American Institute of Physics Inc., 2023) Kumar, Sumit; Kumar, B. V. Rathish; Rai, Sanjay Kumar; Shankar, Om
    Due to the high degree of curvature of the coronary arteries, normal blood flow patterns are disrupted, making them susceptible sites for stenosis and atherosclerosis, leading to decrease in flow. Myocardial ischemia and infarction are the results of this reduced myocardial flow perfusion. Therefore, we conducted an extensive hemodynamic analysis on a patient suspected to have chest pain because of coronary artery disease in order to recognize the processes behind behaviors instigated by intricate geometry of the coronary artery. First, using coronary computed tomography angiography data, which were obtained from an ethically approved data provider, a patient-specific model was reconstructed. Open-circuit resemblance lumped parameter network coupled with zero-three dimensional (0D-3D) model was built to mimic coronary pressure and flow. Hemodynamic parameters such as the flow streamlines, time-average wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, flow rate, and relative resilience time were investigated using computational fluid dynamics. It is critical for cardiac specialists to adequately care for their patients and provide corrective therapies at early onset of coronary problems caused by myocardial infarctions and demand coronary bypass surgery and stenting. The open loop modeling approach with lumped parameter-based physiologically and geometrically realistic outflow pressures will assist cardiologists in analyzing blood dynamics using the medically imaged coronary arteries of their patients and computing the magnitude of the hemodynamic parameters to provide them with a reliable assessment of the risk of coronary arterial disease for their patients. � 2023 Author(s).
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    Comparison between all-on-four and all-on-six treatment concepts on stress distribution for full-mouth rehabilitation using three-dimensional finite element analysis: A biomechanical study
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Pandey, Aishwarya; Durrani, Farhan; Rai, Sanjay Kumar; Singh, Nishant Kumar; Singh, Preeti; Verma, Rati; Kumar, Jitendra
    Purpose: The current study intended to provide a comparison of biomechanical behaviors of two different treatment concepts for full-mouth rehabilitation with dental implants placed according to the 'All-on-four' concept and 'All-on-six' concept with analysis of the stress patterns of the implant support system using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods: The edentulous mandible was treated with two different implant designs. 'All-on-Four' implant placement concept was used in Model 1 with two central axial implants and two distally tilted implants at 17� and in Model 2, 'All-on-Six' concept was applied with six vertically placed implants. Individual vertical and horizontal load of 100 N and oblique load of 141 N at 45� was applied to all implants. To evaluate and compare the results in terms of maximum principal stress, we used FEA. Results: All-on-six showed smaller maximum principal stress values on the cortical bone and implants. However, maximum principal stress values obtained on trabecular bone was smaller in the All-on-four design for vertical and horizontal loading conditions. Conclusions: The All-on-six approach showed more favorable biomechanical behavior. � 2023 Indian Society of Periodontology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
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    Heterologous expression of cyanobacterial PCS confers augmented arsenic and cadmium stress tolerance and higher artemisinin in Artemisia annua hairy roots
    (Springer, 2021) Pandey, Neha; Rai, Krishna Kumar; Rai, Sanjay Kumar; Pandey-Rai, Shashi
    The present study provides the first report of heterologous expression of phytochelatin synthase from Anabaena PCC 7120 (anaPCS) into the hairy roots of Artemisia annua. Transformed hairy roots of A. annua expressing anaPCS gene showed better tolerance to heavy metals, viz., arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) owing to 143 and 191% more As- and Cd-accumulation, respectively, as compared to normal roots with a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 9.7 and 21.1 for As and Cd, respectively. Under As and Cd stresses, transformed hairy roots possessed significantly higher amounts of phytochelatins and thiols probably due to the presence of both AaPCS (Artemisia annua PCS) and anaPCS. In addition, artemisinin synthesis was also induced in transformed hairy roots under heavy metals stresses. In-silico analysis revealed the presence of conserved motifs in both AaPCS and anaPCS sequences as well as structural modelling of PCS functional domain was conducted. Interaction of AaPCS and anaPCS proteins with CdCl2 and sodium arsenate gene ontology analysis gave insights to anaPCS functioning in transformed hairy roots of A. annua. The study provides transformed hairy roots of A. annua as an efficient tool for effective phytoremediation with added advantages of artemisinin extraction from hairy roots used for phytoremediation. � 2021, Korean Society for Plant Biotechnology.
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    In-vivo Studies and Molecular Docking of Modeled Mus musculas 8S Lipoxygenase Protein Using Some Natural Bioactive Compounds
    (Springer, 2022) Pandey-Rai, Shashi; Rai, Krishna Kumar; Pandey, Neha; Tripathi, Deepika; Apoorva; Singh, Vinay Kumar; Rai, Sanjay Kumar
    Mus musculus 8S Lipoxygenase (8SLOX) is expressed in suprabasal keratinocytes, and the massive accumulation of 8-HETE, the product of 8SLOX, plays a significant role in epidermal tumor development in papillomas and induces chromosomal alterations in basal keratinocytes. It has also been observed to be unregulated in inflammatory dermatoses. In an attempt to discover potent 8S LOX inhibitors, 5 bioactive compounds, viz., anthraquinone, celastrine, curcumin, gilloin and tinosporide, derived from different medicinal plants, were selected for the molecular docking study against 8S LOX protein. NDGA, a known lipoxygenase inhibitor was used as a standard. A 3D structure of Mus musculus Arachidonate 8S LOX protein (PMDB ID: PM0078979) was predicted using comparative homology modeling with homologous template (PDB ID: 3V98), retrieved from PDB resources. Conserved active site residues Gln109 and Asn174 were found to be involved in interaction with all drugs including NDGA. Docking studies revealed that celastrine has the best interaction followed by gilloin and curcumin, all of which performed much better than NDGA. Gene expression pattern in the skin of the control mice, IMQ-treated and phytocompound-treated psoriasis-like dermatitis inducedmice revealed that the curcumin and gillion compound were more influential in downregulating 8S lipoxygenase gene than the other compound used in this study. The results suggested that these potent compounds can efficiently inhibit 8S LOX protein and therefore can prove to be promising candidates in drug development for the treatment of inflammatory disorders of skin like psoriasis. � 2021, The National Academy of Sciences, India.
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    Marker-assisted breeding for abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural crops
    (Elsevier, 2021) Rai, Sanjay Kumar; Apoorva; Pandey-Rai, Shashi
    The horticultural crops are predominantly short duration crops mostly grown on small patches of land and require a very specific climatic and edaphic requirement to complete their growth and production cycle. The extreme weather events and various abiotic stresses have been reported to cause considerable damage to many horticultural crops. The effects of abiotic stresses like drought, temperature, cold, salinity, and heavy metals on the yield performance are more pronounced in vegetables and fruit crops. To cope up with these abiotic challenges, different plant breeding programs have already been carried out, focusing on the development of abiotic stress-tolerant varieties. Recently, the economic uses of utilizing molecular markers of interesting genes in plant breeding programs have emerged out as a powerful tool in molecular breeding. The potential benefits of these identified markers of bona fide specific traits enhanced the feasibility and success of this marker-assisted selection (MAS). In conventional breeding programs, the selection is carried out based on morphological traits without the knowledge of genetics. Impact of abiotic factors and recent yield issues, characters that control environmental stress tolerance, mineral, osmotic requirement, etc., are the main concerns for horticultural crops. The molecular MAS technology suggests rapid and cost-effective progress in selecting abiotic stress-acclimated horticultural plants with expanding accuracy. The molecular-aided selection has potential in pyramiding target traits/genes in a single progeny plant more precisely and conveniently with little\accidental harms. Marker-tagged abiotic stress-resistance genes can be easily combined without the need for phenotypic screening. As it is a cost-effective and less time-consuming strategy, it can be suggested for long-term improvement in stress tolerance of horticultural crops with some limitations. � 2021 Elsevier Inc.
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    PLANT CIRCADIAN RHYTHM: A BIOLOGICAL CLOCK AS DEVELOPMENTAL AND METABOLIC REGULATOR
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Rai, Nidhi; Kumari, Sabitri; Saha, Pajeb; Apoorva; Rai, Sanjay Kumar; Meena, Ram Prasad; Pandey-Rai, Shashi
    Plants have an internal biological system that receives differential environmental fluctuations/stimuli such as temperature and light controlling circadian rhythm for maintenance of growth and developmental processes. These biological rhythms are regulated by the interaction of certain external signals and internal receptors. In plants, it is complex networking within transcription factors that functions in feedback loops. These light-induced phototropic controls are mediated by photoreceptors like phytochromes, cryptochrome, phototropin and master genes/regulators for floral development. These responses are genetic in nature and have master clock genes which further regulates many copies of the master transcription factor that are responsible for regulating/switch-on many important genes of metabolism by binding with the promoter region of target genes. The diurnal behavior in plants has been observed because of the existence of a feedback loop and a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle. The light and temperatures positively regulate the induction of various genes along with a set of polycomb gene. Many long non-coding RNAs, micro-RNA and RNAdependent polymerases are indispensable parts of the diurnal cycle in plants. Environmental signals are involved in activating clock genes, and clock repressor circuits work to alienate and degrade these extrinsic gene activation pathways. Most transcription factors are cyclic and these subclasses can regulate clock parameters. Transcriptional regulators and associated chromatids that control transcriptional regulation are only one step in a multistep regulatory network. Post-translational relaxation, nuclear-cytoplasmic dissociation, RNA splicing and proteolytic functions participate in the stimulation. Homogenization of all these activities leads to the generation and sustainable facilitation of the robust rhythm and response to the diurnal variations of the environment. The purpose of this chapter is to explain the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the circadian clocks of plants, including biochemistry, and to demonstrate the function/role of the circadian clock in metabolic, physiological processes and plant behavior. � 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
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    Salicylic Acid and Nitric Oxide: Insight Into the Transcriptional Regulation of Their Metabolism and Regulatory Functions in Plants
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Rai, Krishna Kumar; Pandey, Neha; Rai, Nagendra; Rai, Sanjay Kumar; Pandey-Rai, Shashi
    Salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) are key signaling molecules required to activate the plant's innate immunity against abiotic stresses and biotrophic attackers. Stress-induced signaling and accumulation of SA and NO triggers extensive transcriptional reprogramming of defense-related genes, induced biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and anti-microbial compounds, thereby protecting/steering plant growth and immunity. Transcriptional regulation of SA and NO signaling are crucial for fine-tuning important cellular and metabolic functions, thus making plant defense impervious against many pathogens. The development of an impenetrable immune response is often associated with an unavoidable trade-off in the form of active suppression of plant growth and reproduction. Therefore, we highlighted recent advancements and research to unravel transcriptional regulation of SA and NO signaling essential for fulfilling their role as defense signaling molecules. We also emphasized comprehensive knowledge related to transcriptional reprogramming of SA and NO signaling important in strengthening plant growth-immunity trade-off. We also highlighted the progress on SA and NO signaling playing an indispensable role in stimulating plant-microbe interaction to modulate crucial plant functions. Copyright � 2021 Rai, Pandey, Rai, Rai and Pandey-Rai.