Browsing by Author "Rai P.K."
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Item Biodiversity, mechanisms, and potential biotechnological applications of minerals solubilizing extremophilic microbes: A review(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2024) Devi R.; Kaur T.; Negi R.; Sharma B.; Chowdhury S.; Kapoor M.; Singh S.; Rustagi S.; Shreaz S.; Rai P.K.; Rai A.K.; Yadav A.; Kour D.; Yadav A.N.The earth�s surface consists of arid, semi-arid, and hyper-arid lands, where life is profoundly challenged by harsh conditions such as temperature fluctuations, water scarcity, high levels of solar radiations, and soil salinity. The harsh environmental conditions pose serious consequences on plant survival, growth, and productivity accessibility of nutrients reduces. To cope with the harsh environments and increase plant productivity, an extremophilic microbe has attracted agriculturists and environmentalists. The extremophilic microbes, adapted to extreme environmental conditions, offer an unexploited reservoir for biofertilizers, which could provide various forms of nutrients and alleviate the stress caused by the abiotic factors in an environment friendly manner. Worldwide, minerals solubilizing extremophilic microbes are distributed in various hotspots and belong to three domains of life including, archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. The minerals solubilizing extremophilic microbes belongs to diverse phyla, namely, Ascomycota, Actinobacteria, Basidiomycota, Bacteroidetes, Crenarchaeota, Deinococcus-Thermus, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Mineral solubilizing extremophilic microbes achieve the mineral solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and selenium by secreting special compounds such as organic acid, exopolysaccharides, and different enzymes. Consequently, extremophilic microbes are becoming increasingly important in agriculture, industries and environmental biotechnology as well, paving the way for novel sequencing technologies and �metaomics� methods, including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics. The extremophilic microbial diversity and their biotechnological application in agriculture and industrial applications will be a milestone for future needs. The present review deals with biodiversity, mechanisms and potential biotechnological applications of minerals solubilizing extremophilic microbes. � 2024 Rubee Devi, et al.Item Biological control of tephritid fruit flies Bactrocera spp. in Himachal Pradesh, India(Horizon e-Publishing Group, 2024) Tomar P.; Thakur P.; Singh S.; Shreaz S.; Rustagi S.; Rai P.K.; Yadav A.; Yadav A.N.Over the years, chemical-based insecticides have been used to enhance crop yield in the agricultural industry. However, the hazards associated with these insecticides have highlighted the need for an alternative method that is economical, eco-friendly, and safe. In this investigation, the efficacy of various biological materials, such as Neem kavach, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo), and clay, was evaluated against fruit flies under open field conditions. The results revealed that the highest infestation was recorded in the control (71.67 %), while the lowest infestation (25.67 %) was observed in the plot treated with B. bassiana (1.5 %). This was followed by Neem kavach-treated plot (4 %) with an infestation rate of 26.67 %, and the clay-treated plot (15 g/L) with an infestation rate of 38.67 %, after the third spray. The impact of these biological agents on cucumber yield was also evaluated. The highest yield, 9.36 kg/plot, was obtained from the B. bassiana-treated plot, followed by Neem kavach-treated plots with yields of 8.94 and 7.28 kg/plot, respectively. The lowest yield of 4.58 kg/plot was recovered in the untreated plots. These findings suggest that the application of these biological agents is highly effective, as they repel egg-laying (oviposition deterrence), thereby minimizing fruit infestation and maximizing yield profit. Copyright: � The Author(s).Item Calibration approach-based estimator of population total under successive sampling design(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Rai P.K.; Tiwari S.; AlkaThe present article deals with the estimation of the finite population total on two occasions using a calibration approach. The estimators from different approaches on two successive occasions using calibration technique are obtained. Some of the properties of proposed estimators are also provided, including optimum composite weights and their sensitivity interval. An empirical study has been carried out using real data for numerical illustration to show the efficiency of the proposed calibrated estimator. In addition, a simulation study is also performed where proposed estimators are found to be more efficient than the other existing traditional estimators for different choices of tuning weights and composite weights under various sample proportions. � 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Calibration based chain ratio-type estimator of population total under successive sampling(Springer, 2024) Tiwari S.; Alka; Rai P.K.This article suggests a chain ratio-type estimator of population total based on calibration that takes into account auxiliary variables present on both occasions, and information on the study variable is not available on the first occasion. The optimal composite weights to choose, together with their performance range, are presented along with the bias expression. An empirical and simulation-based study is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested estimator. The studies demonstrate that the proposed estimator outperforms the other estimators for various composite weight selections with varying matched and unmatched sample sizes. � The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Society for Reliability Engineering, Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM), India and The Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden 2024.Item Composite estimators for domain estimation and sensitivity performance interval of their weights(Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne, 2024) Rai P.K.; Singh S.Some composite estimators based on various combinations of two different existing estimators are obtained for domain estimation. The estimation of weights and thus obtaining optimum weights to combine two or more different existing direct and indirect estimators to form composite estimators are not an easy task for practitioners due to many reasons. To account for the absence of optimum weights, we obtained the sensitivity performance intervals for weights with respect to the proposed composite estimator. Subsequently, we determined the sensible values of the involved weights. The aim of this procedure was to confine the superiority for different composite combinations i.e., simple direct vs. direct ratio, simple direct vs. synthetic ratio and direct ratio vs. synthetic ratio composite estimators as compared to the existing estimators. � Piyush Kant Rai, Sweta Singh.Item Confirmation of Nature of Palaeo-course of Assi River, India: Some Significant Revelations from Electrical Resistivity Tomography(Geological Society of India, 2024) Mishra M.; Rana S.; Rai P.K.; Singh P.; Raju K.N.P.A long and continuous palaeo-course of Assi River, in between Prayagraj and Varanasi, in the Ganga River plains with indications of good groundwater potential had been traced from remote sensing data. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has been conducted along eight lines for confirmation of the same palaeo-course in general and to specifically ascertain the nature of the course�the past flow conditions and the type of deposits. The variation in the thickness of channel deposits along the concave and convex banks and the middle parts is an indication of lean flow. The mixed fractions of channel deposits are an indication of dumping of sediments in the dying stages of a river. The ERT investigation has further helped in delineating the high resistive palaeo-channels (20 to 50 Ohm.m), the low resistivity aquiclude clay layer (<15 Ohm.m) and the deeper and relatively higher resistivity sandy layer (>50 Ohm.m), which could be the principal aquifer in the area. � 2024 Geological Society of India, Bengaluru, India.Item Ecological insights and environmental threats of invasive alien plant Chromolaena odorata: Prospects for sustainable management(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Rai P.K.; Singh J.S.The Anthropocene witnessed the landscape spread of several invasive alien plants which can remarkably influence the ecosystem services and environmental sustainability. To this end, Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) is widely identified among top hundred pervasive invaders in view of its adverse influence on environment, agriculture, and wildlife. The adverse effects of C. odorata can further be exacerbated under the event of invasion interaction with other anthropogenic stressors such as climate change. Nevertheless, there exists dearth of pragmatic studies on invasion ecology, socio-economic impacts, ecological economics, and sustainable management prospects of C. odorata. The present review discusses the invasion ecology, distribution, mechanisms, impacts, and management strategies of C. odorata invasion. The side-effects and unsustainable use of traditional control measures (e.g., controlled fire and chemical herbicides) of C. odorata paves the way to biological control methods (e.g., gall fly). However, the control measures of C. odorata need to be assessed for their long-term ecosystem level effects to mitigate the possible adverse environmental responses. The wise application of C. odorata biomass in marginal lands for soil fertility restoration, biosorption, biorefinery, bio-medicine, and bioenergy in conjunction with ecological control measures can cover economic incentive to facilitate sustainable management of C. odorata in forestry/agroforestry systems. Nevertheless, the use of weed biomass as feedstock in biorefinery and ethno-medicine may be inadequate in reducing its invasion. Future studies should explicitly elucidate the ecological mechanisms of C. odorata in concert with the quest for its field-scale application in biorefinery to augment sustainable management. � 2024 Weed Science Society of Japan.Item Effect of fluorescent Pseudomonas on plant growth promotion of Aloe vera(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Rai A.; Singh V.K.; Sharma N.K.; Singh J.S.; Singh V.K.; Dwivedi B.S.; Rai P.K.Modern agriculture practices heavily depend on the application of chemical fertilizers and continuous application disturbs the soil quality and health. Fluorescent Pseudomonas are the well characterized group of bacteria proficient in plant growth promotion and have excellent phosphate solubilizing abilities and solubilize insoluble phosphate to plants available form via secretion of organic acids. This study focused on the phosphate solubilization ability of Pseudomonas, arouse of Aloin-A molecule, gluconic acid production, as well as biometric parameters of key medicinal plant, the Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis). Two strains (P. putida and Pseudomonas sp.) were found very effective PSBs and solubilized 236.73 and 153.73 mg L?1 phosphate, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) showed the production of gluconic acid (GA). P. putida and P. sp. produced 23970 � 231 and 21538 � 129 mg L?1 GA, respectively. Inoculation of the plants with consortium of P. putida and Pseudomonas sp. enhanced the plant growth, soil available P and phosphate uptake in plants than individual inoculation. An increase in aloin-A content (18.15 and 28.71 fold) was recorded in A. barbadensis treated with a PSB consortium in a soil amended without and with TCP (tricalcium phosphate), respectively. P-uptake ultimately enhances the aloin-A synthesis and biomass of plant. Therefore, agronomic attributes of Aloe vera plants can be improved for used as a medicinal plant through application of potent Fluorescent Pseudomonas. � 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Evaluation of atmospheric precipitable water vapour distribution and trend over India(Springer, 2024) Tomar C.S.; Bhatla R.; Singh N.L.; Kumar V.; Rai P.K.; Soni V.K.; Giri R.K.Integrated Precipitable Water Vapor (IPWV) wields significant influence over atmospheric processes, the climate system, and the hydrological cycle. Spatial and temporal variability characterizes water vapor distribution in the atmosphere, with equatorial regions registering elevated water vapor percentages. There are various types of instruments and methods to assess the quantity of moisture in the air. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and radiosonde techniques have been widely used to estimate IPWV in the atmosphere. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-5) is the latest reanalysis IPWV dataset. This study aims to assess the congruence of ERA-5-derived IPWV with GNSS-derived IPWV and study the spatial and temporal variability of IPWV over Indian region. The IPWV data from 16 monitoring stations of GNSS Atmosphere Water Vapor Watch Network of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) have been compared with ERA-5 data. The IPWV data from GNSS and ERA-5 are in excellent agreement as corroborated by correlation coefficients spanning 0.97 to 1.00 and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values varying between 1.5�mm and 5.6�mm. IPWV values exhibit prominent seasonal variations, with minimum values during the winter months and peak appears between June and September, aligning with warm and moist monsoon season of India. The ERA5 data from 1981 to 2020 were used to study variability and trend over Indian region. Strong positive correlations are observed between rainfall and IPWV. The results indicated IPWV trends are moistening especially over Indian landmass, the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal during all the seasons except winter. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2024.Item Exploring the similarities and differences in the forgiveness of the Indian older adults living in old-age homes and families: a thematic analysis(Routledge, 2024) Prabhakar C.; Mishra L.K.; Sharma P.; Tiwari G.K.; Pandey R.; Shukla M.; Bajpai A.; Rai P.K.The study examined perceived transgressions and concomitant forgiveness among Indian older adults living in old-age homes and families. The thematic analysis method was employed to analyze interviews with 22 older adults. Severe loss, serious neglect, and cheating were the perceived transgressions of the older adults from old-age homes whereas day-to-day issues characterized the perceived transgressions of the families� older adults. Pseudo-forgiveness was observed in the older adults residing in old-age homes because of their feelings of helplessness and their fear of losing respect, while affiliation, perceived harm, the realisation of offence, and perceived consequences of punishment were precursors to forgiveness in family-living older adults. Both groups acknowledged the role of offence, intention, relationships, attributions, and commitment to socio-cultural and moral values in forgiveness. � 2024 Taylor & Francis.Item Simulation analysis of non-respondent information in context of small domain(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Ashutosh A.; Stefan M.; Rai P.K.; Emam W.; Iftikhar S.; Anas M.M.In the real-world, there are various situations when all units are not accessible of the respondent called unit non-response. The effect of unit non-response is a tricky matter for estimating the total number of unit. The present work highlights the interest about subpopulations (domains) in two affairs: i. if domains total of the supportive information is accessible ii. if domains total of the supportive variable does not access. The government needs to be introducing the actual facilities in these small domains. The supportive information is used to find out the estimate of the non respondent information and to apply this information for desired domains. Sometimes, it has been found that the accessible auxiliary variable for the domains might be positive shape. Therefore, it develops an appropriate model that has positive skewness. The present context highlighted the indirect method using a power-based estimation with calibration approach. By combining power based estimation and calibration technique, it is possible to obtain more accurate estimates for intended small domains. Even the supportive information is positively biased. This approach helps us in mitigating the effect of non-respondent and improving the overall reliability of the estimators. The simulation was conducted for different sizes 70 and 90 when nonresponse variable in the study variable. The results show that investigated power-based estimate provides better option over relevant exponential, ratio, and generalized regression estimators for intended domains. � 2024 The Authors
