BHU Institutional Repository :: Browsing by Author "Rajput, Vishnu D."

Browsing by Author "Rajput, Vishnu D."

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A review on phytotoxicity and defense mechanism of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on plants
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Kumar, Sumit; Masurkar, Prahlad; Sravani, Bana; Bag, Dipanjali; Sharma, Kamal Ravi; Singh, Prashant; Korra, Tulasi; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are noteworthy used nanomaterials in a wide array of fields, particularly in the agricultural sector. Plants play a multifarious role in the ecosystem and provide a source of food for mankind. The responsibility of the scientific community is to recognize the deleterious impact of AgNPs (1�100�nm in size) on critical crop growth and development of plants, which is required for the assessment of environmental threats to plant, human, and animal health. The continued use of AgNPs in agriculture areas may have negative effects on plant biochemical and physiological responses. The current context focused mainly on AgNPs uptake, transport, and accumulation on crop plants and summarizes different levels of phytotoxicity of AgNPs on plant functions and focused on mechanisms of phytotoxicity employed by AgNPs. Moreover, some tolerance mechanisms and various survival strategies developed by plants under AgNPs toxicity are discussed. This background provides comprehensive information necessary to facilitate profound understanding of the toxic impacts of AgNPs on crop plants. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Arsenic remediation through sustainable phytoremediation approaches
(MDPI, 2021) Srivastava, Sudhakar; Shukla, Anurakti; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Kumar, Kundan; Minkina, Tatiana; Mandzhieva, Saglara; Shmaraeva, Antonina; Suprasanna, Penna
Arsenic contamination of the environment is a serious problem threatening the health of millions of people exposed to arsenic (As) via drinking water and crops grown in contaminated areas. The remediation of As-contaminated soil and water bodies needs to be sustainable, low-cost and feasible to apply in the most affected low-to-middle income countries, like India and Bangladesh. Phytoremediation is an aesthetically appreciable and successful approach that can be used for As decontamination with use of the best approach(es) and the most promising plant(s). However, phytoremediation lacks the required speed and sometimes the stress caused by As could diminish plants� potential for remediation. To tackle these demerits, we need augment plants� potential with appropriate technological methods including microbial and nanoparticles applications and genetic modification of plants to alleviate the As stress and enhance As accumulation in phytoremediator plants. The present review discusses the As phytoremediation prospects of soil and water bodies and the usefulness of various plant systems in terms of high biomass, high As accumulation, bioenergy potential, and economic utility. The potential and prospects of assisted phytoremediation approaches are also presented. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Artificial night light alters ecosystem services provided by biotic components
(Akademiai Kiado ZRt., 2021) Singhal, Rajesh K.; Chauhan, Jyoti; Jatav, Hanuman S.; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Singh, Gopal S.; Bose, Bandana
The global catastrophe of natural biodiversity and ecosystem services are expedited with the growing human population. Repercussions of artificial light at night ALAN are much wider, as it varies from unicellular to higher organism. Subsequently, hastened pollution and over exploitation of natural resources accelerate the expeditious transformation of climatic phenomenon and further cause global biodiversity losses. Moreover, it has a crucial role in global biodiversity and ecosystem services losses via influencing the ecosystem biodiversity by modulating abundance, number and aggregation at every levels as from individual to biome levels. Along with these affects, it disturbs the population, genetics and landscape structures by interfering inter- and intra-species interactions and landscape formation processes. Furthermore, alterations in normal light/dark (diurnal) signalling disrupt the stable physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes and modulate the regulating, cultural and provisioning ecosystem services and ultimately disorganize the stable ecosystem structure and functions. Moreover, ALAN reshapes the abiotic component of the ecosystem, and as a key component of global warming via producing greenhouse gases via emitting light. By taking together the above facts, this review highlights the impact of ALAN on the ecosystem and its living and non-living components, emphasizing to the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Further, we summarize the means of minimizing strategies of ALAN in the environment, which are very crucial to reduce the further spread of night light contamination in the environment and can be useful to minimize the drastic impacts on the ecosystem. � 2021, Akad�miai Kiad� Zrt.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Distribution and Health Risk of Vegetable Crops Grown on Soils Amended with Municipal Solid Waste Compost for Sustainable Urban Agriculture
(MDPI, 2023) Bhardwaj, Pallavi; Sharma, Rajesh Kumar; Chauhan, Abhishek; Ranjan, Anuj; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana; Mandzhieva, Saglara S.; Mina, Usha; Wadhwa, Shikha; Bobde, Prakash; Tripathi, Ashutosh
Rapid urbanization is one of the key factors that leads to defragmentation and the shrinking of agricultural land. It further leads to the generation of an ample amount of municipal waste. Several technologies have emerged in the past for its utilization, and in this regard, composting is one of the conventional approaches gaining popularity in modern agriculture. To overcome the possible criticality of intense urbanization, the concept of urban agriculture is taking shape. Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) has been popularly explored for the soil amendments and nutritional requirements of crops. With this, the assessment of soil pollution (due to the heavy metals presently found in MSWC) is a required step for its safe application in agriculture. The present study aims at assessing the utilization of MSWC (in different ratios) to amend the soil and its impact on the growth and yield of brinjal (Solanum�melongena), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The study also explored the uptake of heavy metals by plants and their risk to human consumption. The findings suggested that MSWC amendments upgraded the physio-chemical properties of soil, including organic matter (OM) and micronutrients, and increased the heavy metal concentrations in soil. Heavy metal analysis underlined the presence of several heavy metals both in soil and crops. Total metal concentration in soil increased with increased MSWC dosage. Concerning metal uptake by crop plants, 25% of MSWC was found to impart metal concentrations within permissible values in edible parts of crops. On the contrary, 50%, 75%, and 100% compost showed higher metal concentrations in the crops. A Health Risk Index (HRI) of less than 1 was found to be associated with soil amended with 25% MSWC. Our study implies that MSWC significantly improved the growth and yield of crops, and it can be considered an alternative to chemical fertilizer but only in a safer ratio (?25%). However, further studies are required, especially on field conditions to validate the findings regarding metal accumulation. � 2023 by the authors.
Beneficial microbiomes for bioremediation of diverse contaminated environments for environmental sustainability: present status and future challenges
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Kour, Divjot; Kaur, Tanvir; Devi, Rubee; Yadav, Ashok; Singh, Manali; Joshi, Divya; Singh, Jyoti; Suyal, Deep Chandra; Kumar, Ajay; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Yadav, Ajar Nath; Singh, Karan; Singh, Joginder; Sayyed, Riyaz Z.; Arora, Naveen Kumar; Saxena, Anil Kumar
Over the past few decades, the rapid development of agriculture and industries has resulted in contamination of the environment by diverse pollutants, including heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, plastics, and various agrochemicals. Their presence in the environment is of great concern due to their toxicity and non-biodegradable nature. Their interaction with each other and coexistence in the environment greatly influence and threaten the ecological environment and human health. Furthermore, the presence of these pollutants affects the soil quality and fertility. Physicochemical techniques are used to remediate such environments, but they are less effective and demand high costs of operation. Bioremediation is an efficient, widespread, cost-effective, and eco-friendly cleanup tool. The use of microorganisms has received significant attention as an efficient biotechnological strategy to decontaminate the environment. Bioremediation through microorganisms appears to be an economically viable and efficient approach because it poses the lowest risk to the environment. This technique utilizes the metabolic potential of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments. Many microbial genera have been known to be involved in bioremediation, including Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Mucor, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma. Archaea, including Natrialba and Haloferax, from extreme environments have also been reported as potent bioresources for biological remediation. Thus, utilizing microbes for managing environmental pollution is promising technology, and, in fact, the microbes provide a useful podium that can be used for an enhanced bioremediation model of diverse environmental pollutants. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Biogeoaccumulation of zinc in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an Inceptisol amended with soil zinc application and its bioavailability to human being
(Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies, 2022) Mohapatra, Kiran Kumar; Singh, Satish Kumar; Patra, Abhik; Jatav, Surendra Singh; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Popova, Victoria; Puzikova, Olesya; Nazarenko, Olga; Sushkova, Svetlana
Soil Zn amended is an efficient agronomical Zn biofortification approach in rice. However, it is still need to know if higher rate of Zn over recommended dose can influence other essential nutrient uptake, high accumulation of Zn in soils and health risk for human consumption. This study was conducted by taking ten treatments (T1: control, T2: RDF, T3: RDF + 1.25 mg kg-1, T4: RDF + 2.5 mg kg-1, T5: RDF + 3.75 mg kg-1, T6: RDF + 5 mg kg-1, T7: RDF + 6.25 mg kg-1, T8: RDF + 7.5 mg kg-1, T9: RDF + 8.75 mg kg-1, T10: RDF + 10 mg kg-1) on hybrid rice in Zn (1.20 mg kg-1) enriched soil. The findings have shown that 6.25 mg kg-1 Zn application significantly increased crop growth and grain concentrations of N, K, Zn, Cu and Fe by 71.4, 125, 78.9, 28.5 and 2.4%, respectively. Nutrient harvest index was significantly affected by ranged between 29.1�36.4%. Application of Zn at 6.25 mg kg-1 (T7) recorded the highest Zn concentration in grain (28.2 mg kg-1) and bioavailability of the fortified Zn (2.05 mg Zn day-1). The lowest phytatic acid concentration in grain was recorded in T8 (RDF + Zn at 7.5 mg kg-1) and after that a significant increase was observed. Transfer coefficient was inversely behaving with Zn application and ranged between 6.03�18.0 grain. The average daily intake of Zn was ranged between 0.075�0.118 mg-1 kg-1 day. Across different treatments the Zn build-up factor, geo-accumulation index and soil enrichment factor was ranged between 0.98�4.90,-0.61�1.70 and 0.24�1.82, respectively in post-harvest soil. In conclusion, agronomic biofortification of Zn through soil applications at 6.25 mg Zn kg-1 was a sustainable way to improving growth and grain Zn, N, K, Cu and Fe uptake of hybrid rice to meet human recruitment. � 2022 Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies. All rights reserved.
Biological nitrification inhibition for sustainable crop production
(Elsevier, 2021) Sadhukhan, Rahul; Jatav, Hanuman Singh; Sen, Suman; Sharma, Laimayum Devarishi; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Thangjam, Rojeet; Devedee, Anoop Kumar; Singh, Satish Kumar; Gorovtsov, Andrey; Choudhury, Sourav; Patra, Kiranmay
[No abstract available]
Biosynthesis and beneficial effects of microbial gibberellins on crops for sustainable agriculture
(Oxford University Press, 2022) Keswani, Chetan; Singh, Satyendra P.; Garc�a-Estrada, Carlos; Mezaache-Aichour, Samia; Glare, Travis R.; Borriss, Rainer; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana M.; Ortiz, Aurelio; Sansinenea, Estibaliz
Soil microbes promote plant growth through several mechanisms such as secretion of chemical compounds including plant growth hormones. Among the phytohormones, auxins, ethylene, cytokinins, abscisic acid and gibberellins are the best understood compounds. Gibberellins were first isolated in 1935 from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi and are synthesized by several soil microbes. The effect of gibberellins on plant growth and development has been studied, as has the biosynthesis pathways, enzymes, genes and their regulation. This review revisits the history of gibberellin research highlighting microbial gibberellins and their effects on plant health with an emphasis on the early discoveries and current advances that can find vital applications in agricultural practices. � 2021 The Society for Applied Microbiology.
Coping with the challenges of abiotic stress in plants: New dimensions in the field application of nanoparticles
(MDPI AG, 2021) Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana; Kumari, Arpna; Harish; Singh, Vipin Kumar; Verma, Krishan K.; Mandzhieva, Saglara; Sushkova, Svetlana; Srivastava, Sudhakar; Keswani, Chetan
Abiotic stress in plants is a crucial issue worldwide, especially heavy-metal contami-nants, salinity, and drought. These stresses may raise a lot of issues such as the generation of reactive oxygen species, membrane damage, loss of photosynthetic efficiency, etc. that could alter crop growth and developments by affecting biochemical, physiological, and molecular processes, causing a significant loss in productivity. To overcome the impact of these abiotic stressors, many strategies could be considered to support plant growth including the use of nanoparticles (NPs). However, the majority of studies have focused on understanding the toxicity of NPs on aquatic flora and fauna, and relatively less attention has been paid to the topic of the beneficial role of NPs in plants stress response, growth, and development. More scientific attention is required to understand the behavior of NPs on crops under these stress conditions. Therefore, the present work aims to comprehensively review the beneficial roles of NPs in plants under different abiotic stresses, especially heavy metals, salinity, and drought. This review provides deep insights about mechanisms of abiotic stress alleviation in plants under NP application. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Current State of Knowledge in Diagnosis and Mitigation of Micronutrients Deficiency in Crop Production from an Indian Prospective
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Singh, Satish Kumar; Pandey, Astha; Bahuguna, Ayush; Mohapatra, Kiran Kumar; Patra, Abhik; Sathyanarayana, Eetela; Jatav, Hanuman Singh; Jatav, Surendra Singh; Rajput, Vishnu D.
Indian soils are fairly satisfactory with respect to total micronutrient content. But in spite of the relatively high total contents, micronutrient deficiencies have been frequently reported in many crops due to low levels of available micronutrients in soils. Based on the critical limits followed in different states of India, the status of the micronutrients deficiencies was assessed in different soils under the leadership of ICAR All India Coordinated Research Project on Micro- and Secondary Nutrients and Pollutant Elements in Soils and Plants (AICRP-MSPE). In addition to single micronutrient deficiencies, multimicronutrient deficiencies have emerged in different areas of the country over the years, posing a threat to the sustainability of agriculture. Various diagnostic procedures for micronutrients deficiency in soil and plants have been briefly discussed in this paper. In total 1421 field experiments were conducted on specific crops to determine the critical nutrient concentration of different micronutrients. Based on field experiments and crop response to micronutrients, generalized transition zones were worked out for different nutrients across the soil types. Various factors affecting micronutrients availability in soil and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients have been discussed along with their mitigation strategies. Hence this paper represents the current status of micronutrients in Indian soil with emerging solutions for micronutrient deficiency. � 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Economic Shock and Agri-Sector: Post-COVID-19 Scenario in India
(Springer Nature, 2021) Dilnashin, Hagera; Birla, Hareram; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Keswani, Chetan; Singh, Surya P.; Minkina, Tatiana M.; Mandzhieva, Saglara S.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on the human health and global economy. The food and agriculture sectors have also felt these effects. In many countries, the measures taken to curb the spread of the virus were initiated to hinder the supply of agricultural products to markets and consumers inside and outside the borders. How this impacts the food safety, nutrition, and the livelihoods of farmers, fishermen, and others working in the food supply chain depends mainly on short-, medium-, and long-term policy responses. Epidemics pose severe challenges to the food system in the short term, but they also offer an opportunity to face challenges and accelerate the transformation of the food and agricultural sectors to increase resilience. The aim of the review was to highlight the valuable insight on the impact of COVID-19 on the Indian agricultural system and rural economy, as well as potential strategies for post-pandemic recovery. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Effect of zno nanoparticles on growth and biochemical responses of wheat and maize
(MDPI, 2021) Srivastav, Akansha; Ganjewala, Deepak; Singhal, Rakesh Kumar; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana; Voloshina, Marina; Srivastava, Sudhakar; Shrivastava, Manoj
Zinc is an essential element that is also renowned for widespread contamination and toxicity at high concentrations. The present study was carried out to analyze the responses induced by lower, as well as higher, doses of zinc (0�200 mg/L), in the form of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in wheat and maize, for a period of 21 days. Accumulation of zinc increases with increasing Zn doses in both wheat and maize, with higher doses being in wheat (121 mg/kg in root and 66 mg/kg in shoot) than in maize (95 mg/kg in root and 48 mg/kg in shoot). The activity of alpha-amylase showed increase, while that of dehydrogenase decline, in response to ZnO NPs. The length and biomass of plants and photosynthetic pigments increased slightly upon ZnO NPs supply. Malondialdehyde content showed a progressive increase in root and shoot of both plants. However, in response, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase) showed increase up to lower concentrations (100 mg/L) of ZnO NPs but decline variably at higher levels (150�200 mg/L) in wheat and maize. The results suggest that lower supply of ZnO NPs (100 mg/L) could be stimulatory to the growth of plants and can be recommended as a Zn fertilizer source for crop production. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Efficient Catalytic Degradation of Selected Toxic Dyes by Green Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cestrum nocturnum L.
(MDPI, 2022) Kumar, Pradeep; Dixit, Jyoti; Singh, Amit Kumar; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Verma, Pooja; Tiwari, Kavindra Nath; Mishra, Sunil Kumar; Minkina, Tatiana; Mandzhieva, Saglara
In the present study, the catalytic degradation of selected toxic dyes (methylene blue, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitroaniline, and congo red) using biosynthesized green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Cestrum nocturnum L. was successfully performed. These AgNPs are efficiently synthesized when a reaction mixture containing 5 mL of aqueous extract (3%) and 100 mL of silver nitrate (1 mM) is exposed under sunlight for 5 min. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed based on the change in the color of the reaction mixture from pale yellow to dark brown, with maximum absorbance at 455 nm. Obtained NPs were characterized by different techniques, i.e., FTIR, XRD, HR-TEM, HR-SEM, SAED, XRD, EDX, AFM, and DLS. Green synthesized AgNPs were nearly mono-dispersed, smooth, spherical, and crystalline in nature. The average size of the maximum number of AgNPs was 77.28 � 2.801 nm. The reduction of dyes using a good reducing agent (NaBH4) was tested. A fast catalytic degradation of dyes took place within a short period of time when AgNPs were added in the reaction mixture in the presence of NaBH4. As a final recommendation, Cestrum nocturnum aqueous leaf extract-mediated AgNPs could be effectively implemented for environmental rehabilitation because of their exceptional performance. This can be utilized in the treatment of industrial wastewater through the breakdown of hazardous dyes. � 2022 by the authors.
Efficient removal of total arsenic (As3+/5+) from contaminated water by novel strategies mediated iron and plant extract activated waste flowers of marigold
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Upadhyay, Sudhir K.; Devi, Priyanka; Kumar, Vinay; Pathak, Himanshu K.; Kumar, Prasann; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Dwivedi, Padmanabh
In this investigation, marigold flower-waste was activated with iron salts (MG-Fe), subsequently marigold plant extract (MG-Fe-Ex) for the adsorptive elimination of As3+ and As5+ from contaminated water. The governing factor such as medium pH, temperature, pollutant concentration, reaction time, adsorbent dose were considered for the study. The complete elimination of As3+/5+ was recorded with MG-Fe-Ex at pH 8.0, 90 min, 30 �C, dose 4 g/L, 20 mg/L of As3+/5+ and shaking rate 120 rpm, while under the identical experimental condition, MG-Fe exhibited 98.4% and 73.3% removal for As5+ and As3+, respectively. The MG-Fe-Ex contains iron oxides (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) as a result of iron ions reaction with plant bioactive molecules as evident from x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopic (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study. The adsorption data of As3+/5+ on MG-Fe and MG-Fe-Ex was best fitted by pseudo-first order kinetic and freundlich isotherm except As5+ adsorption on MG-Fe-Ex that can be described by langmuir isotherm model. The prevailing mechanism in adsorption of As3+/5+ on both adsorbent might be hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction and complexation. From the above, it is confirmed that MG-Fe-Ex adsorbent has high potential and can be used for the adsorptive elimination of As3+/5+ from contaminated water in sustainable and environmentally friendly way. � 2022
Feasibility of sewage sludge application in rice-wheat cropping system
(Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies, 2021) Jatav, Hanuman Singh; Singh, Satish Kumar; Jatav, Surendra Singh; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Sushkova, Svetlana
A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of the conjoint application of sewage sludge (SS) and fertilizers on the yield of rice-wheat cropping system using a randomized block design. The grain yield ranged between 24.99 � 4.24 to 66.32 � 2.58 q ha-1 and 22.50 � 0.55 to 50.37 � 1.07 q ha-1 in Ist year grown rice and wheat, respectively. Among all the treatments, T3 (100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 30 t ha-1 SS) recorded a significantly highest grain yield of rice crop (66.32 and 63.37 q ha-1 ) and wheat crop (50.37 and 46.91 q ha-1 ) during 2015-16 and 2016-17 years, respectively. The straw yield in Ist rice and Ist wheat ranged between 55.11 to 81.22 q ha-1 and 35.86 to 56.62 q ha-1, whereas straw yield in IInd rice and IInd wheat were noticed between 48.42 to 79.31 q ha-1 and 30.45 to 52.32 q ha-1, respectively. The finding clearly shows that the application of SS significantly enhances the yield of rice-wheat crops, and could be an option to a sustainable use of SS. However, the precautionary measure should be followed before use. In addition, the application of SS also indicates the improvement in soil health and sustainability. � 2021 Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies. All rights reserved.
Global footprints of organochlorine pesticides: a pan-global survey
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Keswani, Chetan; Dilnashin, Hagera; Birla, Hareram; Roy, Partha; Tyagi, Rakesh K.; Singh, Dheer; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana; Singh, Surya P.
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants widely used all over the world. These chlorinated hydrocarbons are toxic and often cause detrimental health effects because of their long shelf life and bioaccumulation in the adipose tissues of primates. OCP exposure to humans occurs through skin, inhalation and contaminated foods including milk and dairy products, whereas developing fetus and neonates are exposed through placental transfer and lactation, respectively. In 1960s, OCPs were banned in most developed countries, but because they are cheap and easily available, they are still widely used in most third world countries. The overuse or misuse of OCPs has been rising continuously which pose threats to environmental and human health. This review reports the comparative occurrence of OCPs in human and bovine milk samples around the globe and portrays the negative impacts encountered through the long history of OCP use. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Hydrogel-based Trichoderma formulation effects on different varieties of rice under rainfed condition of Indo-Gangetic Plains
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Dujeshwer, K.; Singh, Ram Kumar; Jatav, Hanuman Singh; Lakpale, Rajendra; Khan, Mujahid; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana
Increased global CO2 emissions may result in erratic weather conditions, especially uncertain, pertaining to rainfall uncertainties and temperature anomalies, and could reduce India�s overall rice production by 3�10% under medium- to high-emission scenarios. The water crises nowadays have been prioritized as one of the top five global risks. Further, the uncertainties in rice production due to climate change will be more than just rice yield reductions. Several adoption strategies such as direct seeding, selecting water stress-tolerant varieties, enhancing soil water-holding capacity and improving crop management practices, are suggested to address the risks of rice production. Keeping in view the above fact, a field experiment was initiated during kharif season of 2015 and 2016 at Agricultural Research Farm (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (India), to assess the effect of super-absorbent polymer (hydrogel) and Trichoderma in rice varieties with six hydrogel-based Trichoderma-formulated treatments. The results indicated that Trichoderma was found effective in improving crop growth, yield, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency with the application of hydrogel. It was also found that soil amendment with hydrogel at 2�g�m?2 and sowing of Trichoderma-treated seed at 10�g�kg?1 seed significantly improved the crop growth parameters (viz. shoot dry weight by 6.45%), yield parameters (viz. number of productive tillers by 12.32%, number of grains per panicle by 8.26%), nutrients uptake and water use efficiency (by 24.15%) over control. The present study reveals that the use of hydrogel with Trichoderma fungus is found effective in enhancing the growth and yield parameters of rice in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs). � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Identification and validation of core genes as promising diagnostic signature in hepatocellular carcinoma based on integrated bioinformatics approach
(Nature Research, 2022) Kumar, Pradeep; Singh, Amit Kumar; Tiwari, Kavindra Nath; Mishra, Sunil Kumar; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana; Cavalu, Simona; Pop, Ovidiu
The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the hub genes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through an in silico approach. In the current context of the increased incidence of liver cancers, this approach could be a useful prognostic biomarker and HCC prevention target. This study aimed to examine hub genes for immune cell infiltration and their good prognostic characteristics for HCC research. Human genes selected from databases (Gene Cards and DisGeNET) were used to identify the HCC markers. Further, classification of the hub genes from communicating genes was performed using data derived from the targets' protein�protein interaction (PPI) platform. The expression as well as survival studies of all these selected genes were validated by utilizing databases such as GEPIA2, HPA, and immune cell infiltration. Based on the studies, five hub genes (TP53, ESR1, AKT1, CASP3, and JUN) were identified, which have been linked to HCC. They may be an important prognostic biomarker and preventative target of HCC. In silico analysis revealed that out of five hub genes, the TP53 and ESR1 hub genes potentially act as key targets for HCC prevention and treatment. � 2022, The Author(s).
Insights into the Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by the Genus Shewanella
(American Society for Microbiology, 2021) Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana; Kimber, Richard L.; Singh, Vipin Kumar; Shende, Sudhir; Behal, Arvind; Sushkova, Svetlana; Mandzhieva, Saglara; Lloyd, Jonathan R.
The exploitation of microorganisms for the fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) has garnered considerable research interest globally. The microbiological transformation of metals and metal salts into respective NPs can be achieved under environmentally benign conditions, offering a more sustainable alternative to chemical synthesis methods. Species of the metal-reducing bacterial genus Shewanella are able to couple the oxidation of various electron donors, including lactate, pyruvate, and hydrogen, to the reduction of a wide range of metal species, resulting in biomineralization of a multitude of metal NPs. Singlemetal- based NPs as well as composite materials with properties equivalent or even superior to physically and chemically produced NPs have been synthesized by a number of Shewanella species. A mechanistic understanding of electron transfer-mediated bioreduction of metals into respective NPs by Shewanella is crucial in maximizing NP yields and directing the synthesis to produce fine-tuned NPs with tailored properties. In addition, thorough investigations into the influence of process parameters controlling the biosynthesis is another focal point for optimizing the process of NP generation. Synthesis of metal-based NPs using Shewanella species offers a low-cost, eco-friendly alternative to current physiochemical methods. This article aims to shed light on the contribution of Shewanella as a model organism in the biosynthesis of a variety of NPs and critically reviews the current state of knowledge on factors controlling their synthesis, characterization, potential applications in different sectors, and future prospects. � 2021 American Society for Microbiology.
Interaction of zinc oxide nanoparticles with soil: Insights into the chemical and biological properties
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Verma, Yukti; Singh, Satish Kumar; Jatav, Hanuman Singh; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana
Widespread use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) threatens soil, plants, terrestrial and aquatic animals. Thus, it is essential to explore the fate and behavior of NPs in soil and also its mechanism of interaction with soil microbial biodiversity to maintain soil health and quality to accomplish essential ecosystem services. With this background, the model experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to study the impact of ZnO-NPs on soil taking maize as a test crop. The X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Particles size analysis of engineered NPs confirmed that the material was ZnO-NPs (particle size�-65.82�nm). The application of ZnO-NPs resulted in a significant decrease in soil pH. Significantly high EC (0.13�dS�m?1) was recorded where ZnO-NPs were applied at the rate of 2.5�mg Zn�kg?1 soil over control (0.12�dS�m?1). A significant increase in soil available phosphorus was observed on applying ZnO-NPs (15.29�mg�kg?1 of soil) as compared to control (11.84�mg�kg?1 of soil). Maximum soil available Zn (2.09�mg�kg?1) was recorded in ZnO-NPs-amended soil (T11) which was significantly higher than control (0.33�mg�kg?1) as well as treatments containing conventional zincatic fertilizers. The inhibition rates of dehydrogenase enzyme activity in the presence of 0.5�mg, 1.25�mg and 2.5�mg ZnO-NPs per kg soil were 31.3, 46.2 and 49.7%, respectively. Soil microbial biomass carbon was significantly reduced (103.33��g�g?1 soil) in soils treated with ZnO-NPs over control (111.33��g�g?1 soil). Soil bacterial count was also significantly lesser (12.33 � 105�CFU) in the case where 2.5�mg�kg?1 ZnO-NPs were applied as compared to control (21.33 � 105�CFU). The corresponding decrease in fungal and actinomycetes colony count was 24.16, 37.35, 46.15% and 14.59, 17.97, 22.45% with the application of 0.5�mg, 1.25�mg and 2.5�mg ZnO-NPs per kg soil, respectively, as compared to control. Thus, the use of ZnO-NPs resulted in an increase in soil available Zn but inhibited soil microbial activity. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.

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