Browsing by Author "Rathore, Sanjay Singh"

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    Conservation tillage and organic nutrients management improve soil properties, productivity, and economics of a maize-vegetable pea system in the Eastern Himalayas
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Singh, Raghavendra; Babu, Subhash; Avasthe, Ravi Kant; Meena, Ram Swaroop; Yadav, Gulab Singh; Das, Anup; Mohapatra, Kamal Prasad; Rathore, Sanjay Singh; Kumar, Amit; Singh, Chandu
    Soil quality restoration and sustainable crop production in the rainfed ecosystem of the Indian Himalayas can be achieved through effective conservation tillage and organic management. Hence, a six-year (2013 to 2019) study was conducted to quantify the effect of tillage and organic nutrient management on soil properties, productivity, and profitability of the maize-vegetable pea (Pisum sativum) system. Three tillage practices [conventional (CT), reduced (RT), and no-till (NT)] and four organic nutrients management practices [(ONM)-farmyard manure @ 8�Mg ha?1 farmers practice (ONM1), 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through manures (ONM2), 75% RDN through manures + maize/vegetable pea stover in either of the crops (ONM3), and 50% RDN through manures + maize/vegetable pea stover in either of the crops (ONM4)] were tested. The results indicated that the NT had higher soil organic carbon (SOC, 16.49 g kg?1), available N (354.5�kg ha?1), and lesser bulk density (1.31 Mg m?3) and penetration resistance (1.85 MPa) in comparison with that of CT at 0�10�cm depth. The system productivity under NT was 9.6% higher than that obtained under CT. The ONM3 had higher SOC content, plant-available N, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) than ONM1. The integration of RT-ONM2 enhanced SMBC, DHA, maize, and vegetable pea yield by 27.2%, 35.7%, 38.0%, and 60.3%, respectively, over CT-ONM1. Thus, the study suggested that the adoption of effective conservation tillage with adequate organic nutrient management has the potential to advance the soil properties and productivity of maize-vegetable pea system in the Himalayan Region. � 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains Zone
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Upadhyay, Pravin Kumar; Sen, Avijit; Singh, Yashwant; Singh, Ram Kumar; Prasad, Saroj Kumar; Sankar, Ardith; Singh, Vinod Kumar; Dutta, S.K.; Kumar, Rakesh; Rathore, Sanjay Singh; Shekhawat, Kapila; Babu, Subhash; Singh, Rajiv Kumar; Kumar, Bipin; Dey, Abir; Rajanna, G.A.; Kulshekaran, Ramesh
    The comprehensive use of organic, inorganic, and biological components of nutrient management in rice ecologies can potentially address the twin challenges of declining factor productivity and deteriorating soil health. A field study was thus conducted at Varanasi, India during the year 2013�14 and 2014�15 to assess the effect of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) along with cow product (blends of 5 cow by-products i.e., dung, ghee, curd, urine, and milk that is known as panchagavya) on soil health, energy budget, and rice productivity. The results revealed that the inclusion of panchagavya as seedling root dip + 6% spray at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) + an application with irrigation water (15 l ha?1) at 60 DAT (D4) along with 100% RDF (F3) noted significantly higher rice grain yield (6.34 t ha?1) and higher dehydrogenase activity. However, the soil bacterial and actinomycetes population, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher with D4 along with 120% RDF (F4). Carbon output (5,608 kg CO2 eq ha?1), energy use parameters viz. energy output (187,867 MJ ha?1), net energy returns (164,319 MJ ha?1), and energy intensity valuation (5.08 MJ (Figure presented.)) were significantly higher under F4. However, the energy ratio (8.68), energy productivity (0.292 kg MJ?1), and energy profitability (7.68) remained highest with 80% RDF (F2), while the highest carbohydrate equivalent yield (4,641 kg mha?1) was produced under F3. The combination of F3 with D4 resulted in the highest productivity, optimum energy balance, and maintaining soil quality. Therefore, a judicious combination of cow product (panchagavya) with RDF was found to improve the rice productivity, energy profitability, and soil quality under south Asian eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs). Copyright � 2022 Upadhyay, Sen, Singh, Singh, Prasad, Sankar, Singh, Dutta, Kumar, Rathore, Shekhawat, Babu, Singh, Kumar, Dey, Rajanna and Kulshekaran.
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    Soybean crop intensification for sustainable aboveground-underground plant�soil interactions
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Singh, Ramesh Kumar; Upadhyay, Pravin Kumar; Dhar, Shiva; Rajanna, G.A.; Singh, Vinod Kumar; Kumar, Rakesh; Singh, Rajiv Kumar; Babu, Subhash; Rathore, Sanjay Singh; Shekhawat, Kapila; Dass, Anchal; Kumar, Amit; Gupta, Gaurendra; Shukla, Gaurav; Rajpoot, Sudhir; Prakash, Ved; Kumar, Bipin; Sharma, Vinod Kumar; Barthakur, Sharmistha
    The major challenge of growing soybean, other than unfavorable weather and small farm size, is the non-availability of quality inputs at the right time. Furthermore, in soybean growing regions, crop productivity and soil environment have deteriorated due to the use of traditional varieties and conventional methods of production. Soybean crop intensification or system of crop intensification in soybean (SCI) is an agricultural production system that boosts soybean yields, improves the soil environment, and maximizes the efficiency of input utilization, although the contribution of SCI to crop productivity is not well understood as different genotypes of soybean exhibit different physiological responses. Therefore, a field study was conducted in 2014�2015 and 2015�2016 using three crop establishment methods (SCI at a 45 cm � 45 cm row spacing, SCI at 30 cm � 30 cm, and a conventional method at 45 cm � 10 cm) assisted in vertical strips with four genotypes (Pusa 9,712, PS 1347, DS 12�13, and DS 12�5) using a strip-plot design with three replications. Compared with standard methods of cultivation, the adoption of SCI at 45 cm � 45 cm resulted in a significantly higher stomatal conductance (0.211 mol H2O m?2 s?1), transpiration rate (7.8 mmol H2O m?2 s?1), and net photosynthetic rate (398 mol CO2 m?2 s?1). The implementation of an SCI at 30 cm � 30 cm had significantly greater intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) (1,249 mol m?2 s?1) than the conventional method system, increasing crop yield from 9.6 to 13.3% and biomass yield from 8.2 to 10.7%. In addition, under an SCI at 30 cm � 30 cm, there were more nodules, significantly larger root volume and surface density, and increased NPK uptake compared with the other methods. Significantly greater soil dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, acetylene-reducing assay, total polysaccharides, microbial biomass carbon, and soil chlorophyll were found with SCI at 45 cm � 45 cm (13.63 g TPF g?1 soil hr.?1, 93.2 g p-nitro phenol g?1 soil hr.?1, 25.5 n moles ethylene g?1 soil hr.?1, 443.7 mg kg?1 soil, 216.5 mg kg?1 soil, and 0.43 mg g?1 soil, respectively). Therefore, the adoption of an SCI at 30 cm � 30 cm and/or 45 cm � 45 cm could provide the best environment for microbial activities and overall soil health, as well as the sustainable productivity of soybean aboveground. Copyright � 2023 Singh, Dhar, Upadhyay, Rajanna, Singh, Kumar, Singh, Babu, Rathore, Shekhawat, Dass, Kumar, Gupta, Shukla, Rajpoot, Prakash, Kumar, Sharma and Barthakur.