Browsing by Author "Samal, Ipsita"

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    Climate-Smart Agriculture: An Integrated Approach to Address Climate Change and Food Security
    (CRC Press, 2023) Majhi, Prasanta Kumar; Samal, Ipsita; Bhoi, Tanmaya Kumar; Pattnaik, Prachi; Pradhan, Chandini; Gupta, Akhilesh; Mahanta, Deepak Kumar; Senapati, Subrat Kumar
    Climate change is undoubtedly one of the most complicated social and environmental problems the world is facing right now. This is especially true in developing countries, where climate change has been linked to things like unsustainable land management, land degradation, and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. All of these things lead to less agricultural production, which puts food security at risk. An increase in GHGs, largely attributable to human activity, has altered earth�s climate during the past few millennia. Similarly, increasing production costs have negatively impacted crop and livestock productivity due to climate change. This is evident in more erratic and inconsistent rainfall patterns, major floods, frequent droughts, increased pests and disease rates, and inconsistent agricultural planting seasons. Decreased agricultural output due to a failure to adjust to shifting climate conditions has severe effects on both food security and economic expansion. Increased adaptability to climate change, mitigation of climate change, and global food security through new policies, practises, and funding are the three issue areas that climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses simultaneously to aid agricultural systems around the world. Adopting CSA methods is crucial for economic development, food security, environmental sustainability, and ecosystem protection in developing nations because it helps the farming community mitigate the effects of climate change on agriculture. Though many resources have been poured towards improving CSA in developing nations, it has not led to widespread adoption of CSA principles on farms there. Nevertheless, CSA is highly recommended as a key component to the expansion of the agricultural sector because of the crucial function it serves. Maintaining agricultural output in the face of climate change and reducing GHG emissions necessitates the adoption of CSA on the field level. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Habib Ali, Youming Hou, and Muhammad Bilal Tahir; individual chapters, the contributors.
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    Insect-pathogen crosstalk and the cellular-molecular mechanisms of insect immunity: uncovering the underlying signaling pathways and immune regulatory function of non-coding RNAs
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Mahanta, Deepak Kumar; Bhoi, Tanmaya Kumar; Komal, J.; Samal, Ipsita; Nikhil, R.M.; Paschapur, Amit Umesh; Singh, Gaurav; Kumar, P. V. Dinesh; Desai, H.R.; Ahmad, Mohammad Abbas; Singh, P.P.; Majhi, Prasanta Kumar; Mukherjee, U.; Singh, Pushpa; Saini, Varun; Shahanaz; Srinivasa, N.; Yele, Yogesh
    Multicellular organisms are constantly subjected to pathogens that might be harmful. Although insects lack an adaptive immune system, they possess highly effective anti-infective mechanisms. Bacterial phagocytosis and parasite encapsulation are some forms of cellular responses. Insects often defend themselves against infections through a humoral response. This phenomenon includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides into the hemolymph. Specific receptors for detecting infection are required for the recognition of foreign pathogens such as the proteins that recognize glucans and peptidoglycans, together referred to as PGRPs and ?GRPs. Activation of these receptors leads to the stimulation of signaling pathways which further activates the genes encoding for antimicrobial peptides. Some instances of such pathways are the JAK-STAT, Imd, and Toll. The host immune response that frequently accompanies infections has, however, been circumvented by diseases, which may have assisted insects evolve their own complicated immune systems. The role of ncRNAs in insect immunology has been discussed in several notable studies and reviews. This paper examines the most recent research on the immune regulatory function of ncRNAs during insect-pathogen crosstalk, including insect- and pathogen-encoded miRNAs and lncRNAs, and provides an overview of the important insect signaling pathways and effector mechanisms activated by diverse pathogen invaders. Copyright � 2023 Mahanta, Bhoi, Komal, Samal, Nikhil, Paschapur, Singh, Kumar, Desai, Ahmad, Singh, Majhi, Mukherjee, Singh, Saini, Shahanaz, Srinivasa and Yele.
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    Understanding How Silicon Fertilization Impacts Chemical Ecology and Multitrophic Interactions Among Plants, Insects and Beneficial Arthropods
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Bhoi, Tanmaya Kumar; Samal, Ipsita; Mahanta, Deepak Kumar; Komal, J.; Jinger, Dinesh; Sahoo, Manas Ranjan; Achary, Gobinda Chandra; Nayak, Priyanka; Sunani, Sunil Kumar; Saini, Varun; Raghuraman, M.; Singh, Satyapriya
    Silicon (Si), an essential nutrient in the plant health system, are gaining momentum in facilitating defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. Recently, Si has received increased attention for its role in alleviating arthropod pests. Albeit many studies focused on direct mechanisms such as physical /mechanical barrier and the biochemical and molecular mode in reinforcing defense activity, the deep insight into the tri-trophic level is obscured. Our study emphasizes the key role of Si in tri-trophic interaction (plant-herbivore-natural enemies), its accumulation in plant tissue, and its consequences on beneficial arthropods. Evidently, the accumulation of Si is greater in monocot tissues than in dicots. We summarize how soil and climatic factors influence Si upregulation in plants. Ironically, the herbivore-induced plant volatiles play a crucial role in defense action, resulting in cascading effects on the attraction of natural enemies, facilitating locating the prey, subsequently strengthening the natural biocontrol. This review explores the abundance of Si in up-regulating the defense activity in the plant by favouring natural enemies and suppressing harmful arthropods, subsequently supporting a green environment and sustainable production system. Further, the present study elucidates variable functions of stress signal hormones like jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene in both monocots and dicots. The study also highlights the availability and mode of Si application in response to plant health and emphasizes the future research needs on the role of Si in safeguarding plant health against arthropod pests. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.