Browsing by Author "Shrivastava P."
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Item Exploring the genetic implications of demographic dynamics in Jammu and Kashmir using autosomal STRs(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Mubarik N.; Ganei M.A.; Dixit S.; Kumawat R.K.; Sequeira J.J.; Ahangar N.A.; Kanth S.A.; Dar I.A.; Mushtaq I.; Mohsin M.; Mustak M.S.; Chaubey G.; Hamid S.; Shrivastava P.The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir has always been a point of contention among India, Pakistan, and China for various reasons. This region has great significance historically due to its geography and ethnic diversity. However, a comprehensive genetic study providing the genetic landscape of Jammu and Kashmir was lacking until now. In this study, we analysed 21 hyper-variable autosomal STR loci of 694 individuals from Jammu and Kashmir and compared them with neighbouring populations to explore the genetic implications of demographic dynamics that have taken place in this region. Our findings suggest that the population of Jammu and Kashmir is a genetic mixture of two major clines, northern and southern, that correspond with the variation in geography, linguistics, and demography of the region. Broadly, the gene flow into the southern cline appears to be in historical times perhaps as a result of the spread of Gurjars, Dogri language and invasions of Mongols. However, the arrival of ancient nomadic tribes into this region may belong to the time depth of the arrival of pastoralist communities in this region. As a future perspective, a comprehensive study including samples from individual tribes will provide fine-scale structure of the gene pool of Jammu and Kashmir. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.Item Forensic Characterization, Genomic Variability and Ancestry Analysis of Six Populations from Odisha Using mtDNA SNPs and Autosomal STRs(Springer, 2024) Sequeira J.J.; Panda M.; Dixit S.; Kumawat R.; Mustak M.S.; Sharma A.N.; Chaubey G.; Shrivastava P.Located on India's eastern coast, Odisha is known for its diverse tribes and castes. In the early days of genome sequencing technology, researchers primarily studied the Austroasiatic communities inhabiting this region to reconstruct the ancient origins and dispersal of this broad linguistic group. However, current research has shifted towards identifying population and individual-specific genome variation for forensic applications. This study aims to analyze the forensic efficiency and ancestry of six populations from Odisha. We assessed the SF mtDNA-SNP60� PCR Amplification Kit by comparing it with PowerPlex� Fusion 6C System, a widely used autosomal STR (aSTR) kit, in an Indian cohort. Although the mtDNA SNP kit showed low discriminating power for individuals of a diverse population, it could identify deep lineage divergence. Also, we utilized mitochondrial and autosomal variation information to analyze the ancestry of six endogamous ethnic groups in Odisha. We observe two extremities�populations with higher West Asian affinity and those with East Asian affinity. This observation is in congruence with the existing information of their tribal and non-tribal affiliation. When compared with neighbouring populations from Central and Eastern India, multivariate analysis showed that the Brahmins clustered separately or with the Gopala, Kaibarta appeared as an intermediate, Pana and Kandha clustered with the Gonds, and Savara with the Munda tribes. Our findings indicate significant deep lineage stratification in the ethnic populations of Odisha and a gene flow from West and East Asia. The artefacts of unique deep lineage in such a diverse population will help in improving forensic identification. In addition, we conclude that the SF mtDNA-SNP60 PCR Amplification Kit may be used only as a supplementary tool for forensic analysis. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.Item Reconstructing the population history of the�Nicobarese(Springer Nature, 2024) Mishra R.K.; Singh P.P.; Rai N.; Desai S.; Pandey P.; Tiwary S.K.; Tamang R.; Suravajhala P.; Shrivastava P.; Thangaraj K.; van Driem G.; Chaubey G.The Nicobarese are the major tribal groups in the Nicobar district, situated south of the Andaman group of Islands. Linguistic phylogeny suggests that the linguistic ancestors of the Nicobarese settled the Nicobar archipelago in the early Holocene. So far, genetic research on them is low-resolution and restricted to the haploid DNA markers. Therefore, in the present analysis, we have used the high-resolution biparental (1554 published and 5 newly genotyped Nicobarese individuals) and uniparental genetic markers and looked at the genetic association of Nicobarese with the South and Southeast Asian populations. We report a common ancestral component shared among the Austroasiatic of South and Southeast Asia. Our analyses have suggested that the Nicobarese peoples retain this ancestral Austroasiatic predominant component in their genomes in the highest proportion. On the Southeast Asian mainland, the Htin Mal, who speak an Austroasiatic language of the Khmuic branch, represent a population that has preserved their ethnic distinctness from other groups over time and consequently shown the highest drift with the Nicobarese. The analysis based on haplotypes indicated a significant level of genomic segment sharing across linguistic groups, indicating an ancient broader distribution of Austroasiatic populations in Southeast Asia. Based on the temporal analyses of haploid DNA, it is suggested that the forebears of the Nicobarese people may have arrived on the Nicobar Islands in the last 5000 YBP. Therefore, among the modern populations, the Nicobarese peoples and the Htin Mal language community represent good genetic proxies for ancient Austroasiatics. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Human Genetics 2024.Item The maternal genetic history of tribal populations of Chhattisgarh, India(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Dixit S.; Shrivastava P.; Jeevan Sequeira J.; Mustak M.S.; Rana M.; Kushwaha P.; Shrivastava D.; Kumawat R.K.; Pratap Singh P.; Tiwary S.K.; Chauhan N.K.; Chaubey G.The central region of India boasts a rich tribal heritage and the highest number of tribal populations in the country. Analysing the genetic history of this population can offer valuable insights into various demographic processes that shaped the gene pool of present-day settlers of this region. In this study, we utilize a recently validated Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique to sequence 24 tribal mitogenomes from the Chhattisgarh population for genetic ancestry and forensic analysis. The identified ancient haplogroups in this population can be traced back to the pre-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period. Our Bayesian analysis provides evidence for maternal ancestral expansion following the earliest Out-of-Africa migration, followed by a prolonged steady phase. We identified three basal founding haplogroups, M2, R5, and U2 in the Chhattisgarh region that diversified during the Neolithic period. Indistinct distribution pattern of these haplogroups among tribes and castes suggests that the maternal ancestry of Chhattisgarh population predates any kind of social stratification that exists today in the Indian subcontinent. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that this region remained unaffected by the Last Glacial Maximum. The forensic analysis of the mitogenomes demonstrates a high power of discrimination (0.9256) within the Chhattisgarh population, thus supporting the applicability of mitogenome NGS technology in forensic contexts. � 2024 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society
