Browsing by Author "Shukla P.K."
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Item Isoetes bilaspurensis (Isoetaceae � Lycopodiopsida), New to Southern India: An Extended Distribution and Redescription(American Fern Society, 2024) Shukla P.K.; Singh S.K.; Brunton D.F.; Shukla S.K.; Patil A.P.; Dubey N.K.The authors discovered a previously unknown population of Isoetes at Badami in Bagalkot district of Karnataka state, India in October 2022 which is determined to be I. bilaspurensis. This represents a new record for the Deccan plateau of Southern India and a significant disjunction from its previously known distribution in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, Central India. In light of this additional information a revised, detailed description of I. bilaspurensis is presented. Morphological comparisons with closely related taxa, its conservation status, and the phytogeographic implications of its distribution are also provided. � 2024 American Fern Society. All rights reserved.Item Nano-assisted delivery tools for plant genetic engineering: a review on recent developments(Springer, 2024) Kumar P.; Rajput V.D.; Singh A.K.; Agrawal S.; Das R.; Minkina T.; Shukla P.K.; Wong M.H.; Kaushik A.; Albukhaty S.; Tiwari K.N.; Mishra S.K.Conventional approaches like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, viral transduction, biolistic particle bombardment, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-facilitated delivery methods have been optimized for transporting specific genes to various plant cells. These conventional approaches in genetically modified crops are dependent on several factors like plant types, cell types, and genotype requirements, as well as numerous disadvantages such as time-consuming, untargeted distribution of genes, and high cost of cultivation. Therefore, it is suggested to develop novel techniques for the transportation of genes in crop plants using tailored nanoparticles (NPs) of manipulative and controlled high-performance features synthesized using green and chemical routes. It is observed that site-specific delivery of genes exhibits high efficacy in species-independent circumstances which leads to an increased level of productivity. Therefore, to achieve these outcomes, NPs can be utilized as gene nano-carriers for excellent delivery inside crops (i.e., cotton, tobacco, rice, wheat, okra, and maize) for desired genetic engineering modifications. As outcomes, this review provides an outline of the conventional techniques and current application of numerous nano-enabled gene delivery needed for crop gene manipulation, the benefits, and drawbacks associated with state-of-the-art techniques, which serve as a roadmap for the possible applicability of nanomaterials in plant genomic engineering as well as crop improvement in the future. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.Item Role of lingual mucosa as a graft material in the surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Shukla P.K.; Singh A.K.; Trivedi S.; Dwivedi U.S.; Ramole Y.; Khan F.A.; Pandey M.Background: Peyronie's disease (PD) is a localized fibrosis of tunica albuginea, which causes the anatomical and functional changes to the penis. Corporoplasty with grafting is indicated in severe (>60�) and complex curvature. Buccal mucosa is the most favored autologous graft material nowadays. The ventrolateral aspect of lingual mucosa has similar histological features to the rest of the oral cavity. Methods: This study aimed to test the efficacy, safety, durability, and reproducibility of corporoplasty with lingual mucosal graft (LMG) in the surgical treatment of PD in terms of surgical outcome, sexual function, and donor site complications. This prospective study included 19 patients of PD with severe and complex curvature, who underwent corporoplasty with LMG. Surgical and functional outcomes were assessed at follow-up planned at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Results: The mean operative time was 126.31 � 21.45 min. Additional Nesbit's plication to correct the residual deformity was required in 26% (5/19) of patients. Straightening of the penis (curvature <10�) was achieved in 89% (17/19) of patients. Increase in the penile length (>1 cm) postoperatively was achieved in 63% (12/19) of patients and a shortening of penis occurred in 5% (1/19) of patients. Newer onset erectile dysfunction developed in 11% (2/19) of patients, and patient and partner satisfaction rates were 89% (17/19) and 84% (16/19), respectively, in a mean follow-up of 20.66 � 5.37 months. Donor site complications were minimal and no patient had any salivary changes or speech disturbances. Conclusion: LMG provided excellent short-term results in terms of deformity correction, improved sexual function, and minimal donor site morbidity. The method is simple and reproducible, and multicenter studies with larger number of cases with longer follow-up are required to confirm these favorable results. Copyright � 2024 Urology Annals.Item Role of secondary metabolites in plant defense mechanisms: a molecular and biotechnological insights(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Upadhyay R.; Saini R.; Shukla P.K.; Tiwari K.N.The plants produce secondary metabolites (SMs) as defence compounds against both abiotic and biotic stresses. These stresses instigate the secretion and release of SMs by up or down-regulating the concerned genes involved in their synthesis. The secretion of SMs varies with the plant's genetic constitution and accordingly-they are susceptible or resistant. These metabolites mostly act as deterrents or antifeedants, allelochemicals, toxins or precursors of other metabolites that defend plants from stresses. However, some pathogens use these metabolites as a signal for host recognition or nutrition rather than using them as toxins or deterrents. The SMs activate different signalling pathways e.g. terpenoids modulate the calcineurin pathway, sesquiterpenoids modulate the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathway, polyphenols activate the jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid pathway, and alkaloids activate the salicylic acid pathway to protect against pathogens and herbivores. Polyphenolic compounds provide resistance to different microbes by expressing different pathogenesis-proteins and hypersensitive reaction-mediated cell death and eliminate pathogens by altering the membrane permeability (inhibiting efflux pump), cell wall integrity, suppressing enzyme activity, free radicals� generation, inhibiting protein biosynthesis, damaging DNA and reducing the expression of virulent genes. Flavonoids help plants sustain pathogen stresses through the changes in the auxin transport process. The pathogen exposure upregulate genes of alkaloid synthesis pathways such as tyrosine decarboxylase (TyDC), S-norcoclurine synthase (NCS), codeinone reductase 2-like (COR-2), and StWRKY8 transcription factors which in turn accumulate alkaloids in large amounts. Plant exposure to pathogens leads to hypersensitivity reactions and phytoalexin accumulation. The plant's treatment of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid upregulated downstream transcription factors, increased the expression of defence proteins, triggered the synthesis of SMs, and provided resistance against multiple pathogens. Pathogens and herbivores have also coevolved to cope with defence metabolites by detoxifying the toxic metabolites, converting toxins into useful products, evolving their food choice, fast digestive system, expulsion of toxins, and down-regulation of the gene-producing secondary metabolites. This review article gives a molecular insight into the genes and regulatory proteins controlling the synthesis of SMs, which may help decipher the role of the biosynthetic pathway intermediates and thereby scoring genes providing resistance to various stresses. The article comprehensively describes the roles of different SMs in plant defence and their molecular mechanisms of action. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
