Browsing by Author "Singh, Akanksha"
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Publication Amebic Meningoencephalitis Mimicking Tubercular Meningitis(Springer, 2021) Rao, Sunil Kumar; Abhinay, Abhishek; Pradhap, K.; Singh, Akanksha; Tilak, Ragini[No abstract available]Publication Comparison of Propofol and Ketofol on Transcranial Motor Evoked Potentials in Patients Undergoing Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery(Korean Society of Spine Surgery, 2022) Khandelwal, Ankur; Chaturvedi, Arvind; Sokhal, Navdeep; Singh, Akanksha; Sharma, Hanjabam BarunStudy Design: This was a double-blind randomized study. Purpose: The primary purpose was to compare the effects of propofol and ketofol on amplitudes and latencies of transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs) during thoracolumbar spine surgery. In addition, intraoperative hemodynamics and muscle power were compared. Overview of Literature: Propofol is commonly used during intraoperative TcMEP monitoring. However, propofol inhibits TcMEP amplitudes and causes hypotension in a dose-dependent fashion. Methods: Amplitude and latency of TcMEPs were recorded bilaterally from the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and abductor hallucis (AH) muscles in 38 adult American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients undergoing thoracolumbar spine surgery. Baseline recordings of TcMEPs in both groups were recorded under propofol infusion. Group X patients then received propofol and fentanyl (1 mcg/ kg/hr), and group Y patients received ketofol and fentanyl (1 mcg/kg/hr). Bispectral index was maintained at 40�60 in both groups. Amplitude and latency were recorded at 30 minutes intervals for 2 hours. Results: Propofol caused no significant changes in amplitude and latency in any muscle. In contrast, amplitude increased significantly at all time points in the bilateral APB muscles and 60, 90, and 120 minutes in the left AH muscle without changes in latency in response to ketofol. When the two groups were compared, ketofol induced significantly higher amplitudes at 60, 90, and 120 minutes in the (left) APB, at all time points in the (right) APB, and at 120 minutes in both AH muscles, compared with propofol. Blood pressures were lower and fluid and vasopressor requirements were higher in group X. Muscle power was similar between the two groups. Conclusions: Ketofol facilitates TcMEP amplitudes without affecting latency. Use of ketofol resulted in a better and more stable hemodynamic profile than did use of propofol � 2022 by Korean Society of Spine Surgery This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Publication Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract on the reproductive system of male mice and possible mechanism of its action on spermatogenesis(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Singh, Akanksha; Sarkar, Debarshi; Singh, Shio KumarFenugreek seed exhibits antidiabetic, antineoplastic, hepatoprotective, antidepressant and immunomodulatory properties. Fenugreek also causes antifertility effects in rodents. However, the impact of fenugreek seed on male reproduction and the possible mode of its action are not properly evaluated. Herein, we examined the effect of aqueous seed extract of fenugreek (FSE) and the possible mechanism of its action on male reproductive health in mice. Parkes mice were orally administered FSE (600�mg/kg body weight/day) or distilled water for 28 and 56�days, respectively. Various sperm parameters, histopathology, serum testosterone level and fertility indices were assessed. Furthermore, steroidogenic enzymes activities, oxidative status and germ cell dynamics in the testis were evaluated. Toxicological endpoints were also assessed. Treatment with FSE caused degenerative changes in the testis histoarchitecture. The treatment also affected various sperm parameters and concentrations of sialic acid and fructose in the epididymis and seminal vesicle, respectively. Fenugreek treatment also had negative impact on oxidative status and germ cell dynamics in the testis; fertility indices were also affected in female mice impregnated by the extract-treated male mice, though libido of the treated male mice remained unaffected. Results show that treatment with FSE caused adverse effects on the male reproductive health and pregnancy outcome in Parkes mice. � 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.Publication Efficacy of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil against food-borne molds and aflatoxin B1 contamination(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Singh, Akanksha; Deepika; Chaudhari, Anand Kumar; Das, Somenath; Prasad, Jitendra; Dwivedy, Abhishek Kumar; Dubey, Nawal KishoreThe present study deals with the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic potential of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CCEO) against aflatoxigenic food borne Aspergillus flavus strain (AF-LHP-PE-4), and probable mode of action including the safety profile on male mice. CCEO completely inhibited fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 secretion at its minimum inhibitory concentration (0.06 �L/mL). CCEO inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis in cell membranes and also disturbed the membrane fluidity. Significant enhancement in leakage of cellular ions and 260 and 280 nm absorbing cellular materials in response to increased concentrations of CCEO indicated the plasma membrane as the probable site of antifungal toxicity. The antiaflatoxigenic potency of CCEO was confirmed in terms of reduction in the level of cellular methylglyoxal (MG), the inducer of aflatoxin. Antioxidant activity of CCEO was confirmed through DPPH free radical scavenging activity as well as total phenolic content. Chemical profiling of CCEO by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of cinnamaldehyde (84.01%) as the most abundant compound. CCEO exhibited a high LD50 (10410.75 �L/kg) on male mice, strengthening its favorable safety profile. This is the first report on CCEO as novel green preservative against food storage molds and aflatoxin B1 secretion. � 2020 Societ� Botanica Italiana.Publication Laurus nobilis essential oil nanoemulsion-infused chitosan: A safe and effective antifungal agent for masticatory preservation(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Singh, Akanksha; Das, Somenath; Chaudhari, Anand Kumar; Deepika; Soni, Monisha; Yadav, Arati; Dwivedy, Abhishek Kumar; Dubey, Nawal KishoreThe present study reports the first time investigation on encapsulation of Laurus nobilis essential oil into chitosan nanoemulsion (CS-Ne-LNEO) and assessment of its efficacy to inhibit fungal infestation and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in stored masticatories food system. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed m-Eugenol (46.23%) and D-Limonene (8.89%) as the most abundant components of LNEO. The CS-Ne-LNEO was physico-chemically characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) analyses. The CS-Ne-LNEO exhibited broad range of antifungal activity against food contaminating fungi including inhibition of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus (AF-LHP-PE-4) and AFB1 production at lower concentrations as compared to unencapsulated LNEO. The CS-Ne-LNEO caused impairment in ergosterol biosynthesis and enhancement in leakage of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ ions and 260, 280 nm absorbing materials along with inhibition of methylglyoxal production suggesting the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action. The DPPH antioxidant activity of CS-Ne-LNEO was noted with IC50 value of 0.004 �L/mL. In addition, the CS-Ne-LNEO caused complete protection of stored Phyllanthus emblica (model masticatories) fruit samples against fungal and AFB1 contamination without altering their sensory characteristics and exhibited high LD50 value (13,504 �L/Kg body weight) mammalian system. Overall, these results indicated that LNEO loaded chitosan nanoemulsion could be promoted as an eco-friendly preservative for complete protection of stored plant masticatories against fungal and AFB1 contamination. � 2023 The AuthorsPublication Nanoencapsulated Petroselinum crispum essential oil: Characterization and practical efficacy against fungal and aflatoxin contamination of stored chia seeds(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Deepika; Chaudhari, Anand Kumar; Singh, Akanksha; Das, Somenath; Dubey, Nawal KishoreThe present study explores the practical efficacy of chitosan (CS) nanoemulsion loaded with Petroselinum crispum essential oil (CS-PEO). Since, nanoencapsulation of EO is an emerging field in food science, the PEO was encapsulated into CS nanoemulsion and investigated their efficacy against fungal, aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) contamination and lipid peroxidation of stored Salvia hispanica (chia seeds). The GC/MS analysis of PEO confirmed the presence of carvacrol (48.45%) as the major component. The successful encapsulation of PEO was confirmed through FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. During in vitro investigation, CS-PEO completely inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus (AF-LHP-SH1) as well as eleven other storage fungi at 1.0 ?L/mL and AfB1 production at 0.75 ?L/mL. The reduction of cellular ergosterol followed by subsequent release of cellular constituents confirmed plasma membrane as possible target for antifungal mode of action of CS-PEO. The inhibition of methylglyoxal shed light on novel antiaflatoxigenic mode of action. Further, CS-PEO showed remarkable antioxidant activity with IC50 value equivalent to 14.24 ?L/mL as measured through DPPH assay. During in situ investigation, CS-PEO completely inhibited the production of AfB1 and lipid peroxidation in treated chia seeds for one year of storage, and exhibited satisfactory safety profile (LD50 = 26, 830 ?L/kg body weight) in mammalian model (mice). Based on overall results, it can be concluded that CS-PEO could be recommended for industrial scale application in the management of fungal and aflatoxin mediated loss of stored chia seeds. � 2021 Elsevier LtdPublication Risk factors for mortality in critically ill infants with acute kidney injury: A resource-limited setting experience(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Mishra, Om P.; Verma, Avdhesh Kumar; Abhinay, Abhishek; Singh, Akanksha; Singh, Ankur; Prasad, RajnitiInfants with acute kidney injury (AKI) who are critically ill often will have multiorgan dysfunctions. Objective of the present study was to find out mortality, recovery of kidney function at discharge and at 3�months, and to determine risk factors for mortality. Fifty-two infants (24 newborns and 28 postneonatal) with AKI were included. Staging was done as per Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes classification. Patients were subjected to medical treatment and peritoneal dialysis (PD), wherever indicated. Kidney function tests were performed at admission, discharge, and at 3�months follow-up. Median age of neonates was 8 days and postneonatal infants were 4.5�months. Stage 1, 2, and 3 AKI were present in 14 (26.9%), 16 (30.7%), and 22 (42.3%) cases, respectively. PD was required in 22 (42.3%) infants, and significantly higher in postneonatal than in neonates (57.1% vs. 25%, p < 0.05). Significant recovery of kidney function occurred at discharge and cases had normal parameters at 3�months. Mortality was 17.3%. Patients had significantly higher risk of mortality, if they had metabolic acidosis (OR 13.22, CI 2.33�74.94, p�=�0.002) and needed ventilation (OR 14.93, 95% CI 1.7�130.97, p�=�0.006) and PD (OR 6.53, 95% CI 1.20�35.48, p�=�0.026). In logistic regression analysis, fluid overload (p < 001), hypotension (p < 0.01), and higher PRISM-III score (p < 0.05) were found as significant risk factors for mortality. Medical management including PD led to good recovery of kidney function. Presence of fluid overload, hypotension, and higher PRISM-III score adversely affected the outcome. � 2021 International Society for Apheresis, Japanese Society for Apheresis, and Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy.Publication Silicon nanoforms in crop improvement and stress management(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Dhakate, Priyanka; Kandhol, Nidhi; Raturi, Gaurav; Ray, Priyanka; Bhardwaj, Anupriya; Srivastava, Aakriti; Kaushal, Laveena; Singh, Akanksha; Pandey, Sangeeta; Chauhan, Devendra Kumar; Dubey, Nawal Kishore; Sharma, Shivesh; Singh, Vijay Pratap; Sahi, Shivendra; Grillo, Renato; Peralta-Videa, Jose; Deshmukh, Rupesh; Tripathi, Durgesh KumarAlthough, silicon � the second most abundant element in the earth crust could not supersede carbon (C) in the competition of being the building block of life during evolution, yet its presence has been reported in some life forms. In case of the plants, silicon has been reported widely to promote the plant growth under normal as well as stressful situations. Nanoform of silicon is now being explored for its potential to improve plant productivity and its tolerance against various stresses. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in the form of nanofertilizers, nanoherbicides, nanopesticides, nanosensors and targeted delivery systems, find great utilization in the field of agriculture. However, the mechanisms underlying their uptake by plants need to be deciphered in detail. Silicon nanoformss are reported to enhance plant growth, majorly by improving photosynthesis rate, elevating nutrient uptake and mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress. Various studies have reported their ability to provide tolerance against a range of stresses by upregulating plant defense responses. Moreover, they are proclaimed not to have any detrimental impacts on environment yet. This review includes the up-to-date information in context of the eminent role of silicon nanoforms in crop improvement and stress management, supplemented with suggestions for future research in this field. � 2022 Elsevier LtdPublication Zingiber zerumbet L. essential oil-based chitosan nanoemulsion as an efficient green preservative against fungi and aflatoxin B1 contamination(Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2021) Deepika; Singh, Akanksha; Chaudhari, Anand Kumar; Das, Somenath; Dubey, Nawal KishoreAbstract: The present study envisages the potential application of chitosan-coated Zingiber zerumbet essential oil nanoemulsion (ZEO-CsNE) as green antimicrobial preservative against Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and lipid peroxidation of stored functional foods. GC-MS analysis of ZEO exhibited the abundance of cis-geraniol (15.53%) as the major component. ZEO-CsNE showed biphasic release profile during in vitro release study conducted for 10 days. The ZEO-CsNE inhibited the growth of A. flavus (strain AF-LHP-SH1) and AFB1 production at 1.0 and 0.8��L/mL, respectively. Interestingly, considerable reduction in ergosterol biosynthesis followed by enhanced leakage of vital cellular contents and methylglyoxal inhibition represents novel antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action, respectively. Further, ZEO-CsNE inhibited lipid peroxidation and AFB1 production in postharvest Salvia hispanica seeds during in situ trial and presented favorable safety profile (median lethal dose [LD50] = 29,114��L/kg) for male mice. Based on overall observations, ZEO-CsNE could be recommended as a green antimicrobial substitute of synthetic preservatives for in vitro and in situ protection of functional food samples. Practical Application: Food industries are facing enormous amount of burden coming from fungal and aflatoxin contamination that can cause severe adverse effects to humans. Essential oils (EOs) are well known for their food preservative efficacy; however, some limitations such as oxidative instability in open system may limit their application directly into food system. The encapsulation of the EOs into polymeric matrix could provide a barrier that will protect the EOs from degradation. This research could provide a basis for utilization of EO after encapsulation into chitosan nanoemulsion for industrial-scale application for preservation of stored functional foods from fungal and aflatoxin contamination. � 2020 Institute of Food Technologists�
