Browsing by Author "Singh, Akhilesh K."
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Publication Advancements and Challenges in Developing Malaria Vaccines: Targeting Multiple Stages of the Parasite Life Cycle(American Chemical Society, 2023) Rajneesh, None; Tiwari, Rahul; Singh, Vishal K.; Kumar, Awnish; Gupta, Rohit P.; Singh, Akhilesh K.; Gautam, Vibhav; Kumar, RajivMalaria, caused by Plasmodium species, remains a major global health concern, causing millions of deaths annually. While the introduction of the RTS,S vaccine has shown promise, there is a pressing need for more effective vaccines due to the emergence of drug-resistant parasites and insecticide-resistant vectors. However, the complex life cycle and genetic diversity of the parasite, technical obstacles, limited funding, and the impact of the 2019 pandemic have hindered progress in malaria vaccine development. This review focuses on advancements in malaria vaccine development, particularly the ongoing clinical trials targeting antigens from different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle. Additionally, we discuss the rationale, strategies, and challenges associated with vaccine design, aiming to enhance the immune response and protective efficacy of vaccine candidates. A cost-effective and multistage vaccine could hold the key to controlling and eradicating malaria. � 2023 American Chemical Society.Publication Management and outcome of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Bera, Rathindra N.; Tandon, Sapna; Singh, Akhilesh K.; Boojar, Fargol M. A.; Jaiswal, Gaurav; Borse, Shraddha; Pal, Uma S.; Sharma, Naresh K.Management of locally advanced OSCC is multimodal. No single therapy has been proved to be efficacious. However there is a trend towards surgical intervention in operable disease. In this review we appraise the various therapies used for the management of locally advanced OSCC. We review the literature with regards to the various treatment options for locally advanced OSCC. We categorically divided the manuscript into resectable, unresectable and technically unresectable disease. Surgery is the ideal treatment modality for resectable disease. For unresectable disease concurrent chemoradiation appears to improve survival compared to radiotherapy alone. Induction therapy might downstage tumors in the unresectable category. Targeted and Immunotherapy is reserved for recurrent, metastatic or platinum refractory OSCC. Management of locally advanced OSCC is multimodal with surgery playing the primary role. In the event where the tumor is in operable concurrent chemoradiotherapy is regarded as the best treatment modality. Induction chemotherapy currently cannot be recommended for resectable or even unresectable oral squamous cell carcinomas. However for technically unresectable disease it might play a role in improving respectability but it depends on the response of the tumor. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy is currently used for recurrent, metastatic and/or platinum refractory Head and Neck cancers. Currently it is not recommended for initial management of locally advanced disease. � 2023 National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery.Publication Nanosize carriers for drug and vaccine delivery: Advances and challenges(Bentham Science Publishers, 2021) Singh, Akhilesh K.; Yadav, Thakur P.; Singh, Garima; Pritam, Manisha; Pandey, Brijesh; Ansari, Mohammad I.; Srivastava, Janmejai K.; Singh, Satarudra P.Nanomedicine has emerged as a lucrative option, attracting the attention of scientific and industrial stalwarts for its enormous potential and new business opportunities in the health sec�tor. It encompasses physical, chemical, and biological interventions used for the transformation of bulk materials into nanomaterials (NMs) with particles size ~ 1-100 nm for highly specific medical applications. Therefore, its effects in diagnosis, efficacy, treatment and prevention of diseases may easily be foreseen. The credit goes to nanotechnology, which has emerged with the ability to ma�nipulate the NMs concerning size, shape, composition as well as surface characteristics. Due to the advantages of their tiny size as well as novel properties, NMs are useful for loading more drugs with controlled release and specific targeting. Although full bloom of nanomedicine realization might take years, recent innovations in formulations of nanotechnology-based smart drug/vaccine delivery systems are beginning to change the landscape of future medicines. They are being de�signed to overcome biological barriers in the living systems by improving the delivery and efficacy of traditional therapeutics and reducing the toxicity by specificity to target cells/tissues. This re�view focuses on basic understanding and progress in the field of nanomedicine (especially nanocarriers-based drug and vaccine delivery), including nanoformulation of Amphotericin B with functionalized carbon nanotubes for the therapy of visceral leishmaniasis. � 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.Publication Oral rhabdomyosarcoma of mandibular region: A case report(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Batra, Sakshi; Srivastava, Adit; Singh, Akhilesh K.; Krishnan, AswathiABSTRACT: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal cells, showing varying degrees of striated muscle cell differentiation. The most common sites of occurrence are the head and neck (40%), genitourinary tract (25%), and extremities (20%). Rhabdomyosarcoma is anatomically divided into two categories including parameningeal and nonparameningeal. It predominantly occurs in children while rarely found in adults, and involvement of the oral cavity accounts for only 10%-20% of all head and neck cases. The present case is of oral rhabdomyosarcoma of a 27-year-old woman, involving the mandibular region and demonstrates its clinical, radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical findings. � 2023 National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery.
