BHU Institutional Repository :: Browsing by Author "Singh, Jyoti"

Browsing by Author "Singh, Jyoti"

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Alterations in certain immunological parameters in the skin mucus of the carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, infected with the bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Singh, Jyoti; Srivastava, Ayan; Nigam, Ashwini Kumar; Kumari, Usha; Mittal, Swati; Mittal, Ajay Kumar
The bacterial fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda causes heavy stock mortality, severely hampering fish production, resulting in great economic loss to the farming industry. The first biological barriers that confer immune protection against pathogen entry are the fish mucosal surfaces. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of E. tarda on certain enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters in the skin mucous secretions of the fish Cirrhinus mrigala using spectrophotometry and zymography. Fish were randomly divided into three groups: control, vehicle control, and infected. A sublethal dose of E. tarda (2.2 � 106 CFU/fish) suspended in 50 ?L of PBS was injected intra-peritoneally at 0 day (d). Subsequently, mucus samples were collected at 2 d, 4 d, 6 d and 8 d post-infection. The activities of lysozyme (LYZ), protease (PROT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) decreased significantly in the skin mucus of the challenged fish, indicating the suppressed immune system and decreased antioxidant capacity of C. mrigala to E. tarda infection. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total nitrate-nitrite were significantly higher at several time points post-infection, suggesting that physiological functions have been impaired following pathogen challenge. The present findings could be relevant for fish aquaculture and underline the importance of skin mucus not only for assessing fish immune status but also for identifying early warning signals of disease caused by pathogens. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Automatic classification of uml class diagrams using deep learning technique: Convolutional neural network
(MDPI AG, 2021) Gosala, Bethany; Chowdhuri, Sripriya Roy; Singh, Jyoti; Gupta, Manjari; Mishra, Alok
Unified Modeling Language (UML) includes various types of diagrams that help to study, analyze, document, design, or develop any software efficiently. Therefore, UML diagrams are of great advantage for researchers, software developers, and academicians. Class diagrams are the most widely used UML diagrams for this purpose. Despite its recognition as a standard modeling language for Object-Oriented software, it is difficult to learn. Although there exist repositories that aids the users with the collection of UML diagrams, there is still much more to explore and develop in this domain. The objective of our research was to develop a tool that can automatically classify the images as UML class diagrams and non-UML class diagrams. Earlier research used Machine Learning techniques for classifying class diagrams. Thus, they are required to identify image features and investigate the impact of these features on the UML class diagrams classification problem. We developed a new approach for automatically classifying class diagrams using the approach of Convolutional Neural Network under the domain of Deep Learning. We have applied the code on Convolutional Neural Networks with and without the Regularization technique. Our tool receives JPEG/PNG/GIF/TIFF images as input and predicts whether it is a UML class diagram image or not. There is no need to tag images of class diagrams as UML class diagrams in our dataset. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Ayurvedic strategy to achieve sustainable development goal 3: Management of cancer (Arbuda)
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Singh, Anupriya; Upadhyay, Anjali; Singh, Jyoti; Singh, Ambrish Kumar; Singh Gautam, Dev Nath; Singh, Narendra Kumar
Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality as well as growing health problems worldwide. Effective drugs and therapies are available for different kinds of cancer also having side effects; hence people seek relatively safer as well as cost-effective alternative and complementary medicines for the treatment of cancer. The objective of the present chapter is to provide Ayurvedic concept-based evidence for the treatment and management of cancer to the academician and researcher who garners interest in cancer. The present study provides comprehensive information about Arbuda (cancer) and its probable remedy through Ayurveda and fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that is SDG 3. Arbuda develops due to Mithya Ahar (unhealthy diet) and Mithya Vihar (unhealthy lifestyle) leading to imbalance in Vatadi Doshas (regulatory functional factors of the body) which leads to vitiation of Dhatus (major structural components of the body). Vitiated Dhatus results in the formation of muscular swelling anywhere in the body with the appearance of large, circular, immobile, less painful, slowly growing and deep-seated swelling such a clinical entity termed as Arbuda. Symptomatically, Arbuda may have a resemblance with clinical entities such as cancer. However, the exact pathogenesis of cancer does not match these two conditions, but still, it may be possibly correlated up to a certain extent. The involvement of one or two Doshas (Vata, Pitta and Kapha), produce benign neoplasm which is harmless but the association of all three Doshas (Sannipataja/Tridoshaja) produces malignant neoplasm, which is harmful. The term Dviarbuda (metastasis) and Adhyarbuda (recurrence) are considered Asadhya (incurable) and these two terminologies may be correlated to the metastatic growth of cancer cells. Management of Arbuda includes all those plants having Laghu, Ruksha and Tikshna Guna may possess Lekhana and Kaphashamak action. � 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc..
Belowground fungal volatiles perception in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) facilitates plant growth under biotic stress
(Elsevier GmbH, 2021) Singh, Jyoti; Singh, Prachi; Vaishnav, Anukool; Ray, Shatrupa; Rajput, Rahul Singh; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Singh, Harikesh Bahadur
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) have great potential in plant ecophysiology, yet the role of belowground VOCs in plant stress management remains largely obscure. Analysis of biocontrol producing VOCs into the soil allow detailed insight into their interaction with soil borne pathogens for plant disease management. A root interaction trial was set up to evaluate the effects of VOCs released from Trichoderma viride BHU-V2 on soil-inhabiting fungal pathogen and okra plant growth. VOCs released into soil by T. viride BHU-V2 inhibited the growth of collar rot pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii. Okra plants responded to VOCs by increasing the root growth (lateral roots) and total biomass content. VOCs exposure increased defense mechanism in okra plants by inducing different enzyme activities i.e. chitinase (0.89 fold), ?-1,3-glucanase (0.42 fold), peroxidase (0.29 fold), polyphenol oxidase (0.33 fold) and phenylalanine lyase (0.7 fold) when inoculated with S. rolfsii. In addition, T. viride BHU-V2 secreted VOCs reduced lipid peroxidation and cell death in okra plants under pathogen inoculated condition. GC/MS analysis of VOCs blend revealed that T. viride BHU-V2 produced more number of antifungal compounds in soil medium as compared to standard medium. Based on the above observations it is concluded that okra plant roots perceive VOCs secreted by T. viride BHU-V2 into soil that involved in induction of plant defense system against S. rolfsii. In an ecological context, the findings reveal that belowground microbial VOCs may play an important role in stress signaling mechanism to interact with plants. � 2021
Beneficial microbiomes for bioremediation of diverse contaminated environments for environmental sustainability: present status and future challenges
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Kour, Divjot; Kaur, Tanvir; Devi, Rubee; Yadav, Ashok; Singh, Manali; Joshi, Divya; Singh, Jyoti; Suyal, Deep Chandra; Kumar, Ajay; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Yadav, Ajar Nath; Singh, Karan; Singh, Joginder; Sayyed, Riyaz Z.; Arora, Naveen Kumar; Saxena, Anil Kumar
Over the past few decades, the rapid development of agriculture and industries has resulted in contamination of the environment by diverse pollutants, including heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, plastics, and various agrochemicals. Their presence in the environment is of great concern due to their toxicity and non-biodegradable nature. Their interaction with each other and coexistence in the environment greatly influence and threaten the ecological environment and human health. Furthermore, the presence of these pollutants affects the soil quality and fertility. Physicochemical techniques are used to remediate such environments, but they are less effective and demand high costs of operation. Bioremediation is an efficient, widespread, cost-effective, and eco-friendly cleanup tool. The use of microorganisms has received significant attention as an efficient biotechnological strategy to decontaminate the environment. Bioremediation through microorganisms appears to be an economically viable and efficient approach because it poses the lowest risk to the environment. This technique utilizes the metabolic potential of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments. Many microbial genera have been known to be involved in bioremediation, including Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Mucor, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma. Archaea, including Natrialba and Haloferax, from extreme environments have also been reported as potent bioresources for biological remediation. Thus, utilizing microbes for managing environmental pollution is promising technology, and, in fact, the microbes provide a useful podium that can be used for an enhanced bioremediation model of diverse environmental pollutants. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Detecting design patterns: a hybrid approach based on graph matching and static analysis
(Springer, 2022) Singh, Jyoti; Chowdhuri, Sripriya Roy; Bethany, Gosala; Gupta, Manjari
Knowledge and understanding about system design are very important for the development and maintenance of any software system due to certain deadlines and frequent changes in requirements and environment. However, it is a very difficult task to analyse design automatically. Design patterns give standard solutions to common design problems. It is very helpful to find existence of such patterns in the source code. It will reduce effort and time required in understanding and thus in the maintenance activity. In this paper we propose a tool DPDT for detecting design patterns from system software. We use graph matching process to find exact instances of design patterns mapped to system software. In graph matching structural aspects are considered. After that static facts of software systems and design patterns are used to reduce the number of false positives. We evaluate our result on two well-known open source software: JHotDraw and JUnit and compared the result of DPDT with existing tools (Sempatrec, DPF, SSA, DeMIMA, and Depatos) of design patterns detection. It is found that for proxy design patterns our tool out performs the all other tools. Further, for few design patterns it is giving moderate results while other tools did not consider those design patterns. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
DNA damage induces STING mediated IL-6-STAT3 survival pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells and decreased survival of breast cancer patients
(Springer, 2022) Vasiyani, Hitesh; Mane, Minal; Rana, Khushboo; Shinde, Anjali; Roy, Milton; Singh, Jyoti; Gohel, Dhruv; Currim, Fatema; Srivastava, Ratika; Singh, Rajesh
Triple-negative breast cancer is aggressive and metastatic breast cancer type and shows immune evasion, drug resistance, relapse and poor survival. Anti-cancer therapy like ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drug majorly induces DNA damage hence, alteration in DNA damage repair and downstream pathways may contribute to tumor cell survival. DNA damage during chemotherapy is sensed by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which determines the anti-tumor immune response by modulating the expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), immune suppressor, in the tumor microenvironment. Triple-negative breast cancer cells are cGAS-STING positive and modulation of this pathway during DNA damage response for survival and immune escape mechanism is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that doxorubicin-mediated DNA damage induces STING mediated NF-?B activation in triple-negative as compared to ER/PR positive breast cancer cells. STING-mediated NF-?B induces the expression of IL-6 in triple-negative breast cancer cells and activates pSTAT3, which enhances cell survival and PD-L1 expression. Doxorubicin and STAT3 inhibitor act synergistically and inhibit cell survival and clonogenicity in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Knockdown of STING in triple-negative breast cancer cells enhances CD8�mediated immune cell death of breast cancer cells. The combinatorial treatment of triple-negative breast cells with doxorubicin and STAT3 inhibitor reduces PD-L1 expression and activates immune cell-mediated cancer cell death. Further STING and IL-6 levels show a positive correlation in breast cancer patients and poor survival outcomes. The study here strongly suggests that STING mediated activation of NF-?B enhances IL-6 mediated STAT3 in triple-negative breast cancer cells which induces cell survival and immune-suppressive mechanism. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Edible Packaging: An Overview
(Springer Nature, 2022) Kaur, Jaspreet; Gunjal, Mahendra; Rasane, Prasad; Singh, Jyoti; Kaur, Sawinder; Poonia, Amrita; Gupta, Prerna
Food packaging exhibits a significant role in chain supply and also is considered one amongst the essential steps in final process. The increased demand of customers for high-quality products with natural ingredients has forced the food and packaging industry to introduce the concept of edible packaging in themarket. Till date, a number of techniques have been optimized to preserve the food either by means of adding preservatives or by changing the nature of packaging material. Edible packaging aims to conserve the food quality along with increased shelf life. These are produced either from edible biopolymers, which can be proteins, lipids, polysaccharides (gums and carbohydrates), plasticizers or from food-grade additives. Edible packaging materials include edible coatings, films, pouches and sheets. Depending on the type of final edible packaging material, these can be used either alone or in combination as per the requirement of the food product to be stored in it. For instance, lipids or resins can be combined with polysaccharides or proteins to obtain the edible packaging material having properties that resist water penetration. The best edible film must be a good oxygen barrier, moisture barrier and aroma barrier. The edible film made of protein can be derived from various plant and animal sources such as grains, oilseeds, milk, eggs and other animal tissues. The mechanism of film forming includes drying and extensive interaction of polymer network either with dry or wet casting. At present, various active compounds like antioxidants, colouring agents, antimicrobials, flavours and nutraceuticals are being incorporated into the films to enhance its quality and stability. The concept of edible packaging seems to be one of the best alternatives to old synthetic plastics that cause severe environmental pollution. The present chapter explores the fundamental understanding about edible packaging and its construction. It highlights the kind of material employed for the construction of edible packaging and the considerations involved in its fabrication. Further, the chapter enlightens the current advancements of edible packaging research and industrial approach towards it.
Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Ashtanga Ghrita: an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation for Neurological Disorders
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Singh, Jyoti; Singh, Anupriya; Sharma, Vineet; Singh, Tryambak Deo; Singh, Meenakshi; Garg, Ruchika; Sharma, Rohit; Gautam, Dev Nath Singh
Purpose of Review: Ayurveda�is�an�ancient�Indian�medical�system�with�unique�approaches�for the treatment of various brain disorders. Ashtanga Ghrita, a cow Ghrita-based polyherbal classical formulation, has been well defined in ancient Ayurvedic texts Ashtanga Hridya to enhance speech, intellect, and memory. The formulation contains eight potent neuroprotective herbs along with clarified cow butter and milk. The review is aimed to come up with comprehensive scientific evidence regarding the plant ingredients of Ashtanga Ghrita so that it can be used for further clinical studies as well as to treat a variety of neurological diseases. Recent Findings: The plant ingredients have been practiced since ancient times for various disorders in India as well as worldwide. The plants contain various phytochemicals including terpenes, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty acids, aryl esters, and carbohydrates. The collected pharmacological evidence suggests that all the plant ingredients have neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, sedative, antiproliferative, and anticonvulsant activity. Summary: Based on the collected evidence, Ashtanga Ghrita may prove to be an effective neuroprotective drug and might be useful in various neurological disorders. Further, well-designed multicentric clinical trials are required to elucidate and comprehend the therapeutic potential of the formulation. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
hsa-miR-320a mediated exosome release under PD stress conditions rescue mitochondrial ROS and cell death in the recipient neuronal and glial cells
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Shukla, Shatakshi; Currim, Fatema; Singh, Jyoti; Goyani, Shanikumar; Saranga, M.V.; Shinde, Anjali; Mane, Minal; Chandak, Nisha; Kishore, Shyam; Singh, Rajesh
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Emerging evidence suggest exosomes as a crucial player in the progression and pathogenesis of PD via intercellular communication between different cell types in brain. Exosome release is enhanced from dysfunctional neurons/glia (source cells) under PD stress and mediates the transfer of biomolecules between different cell types (recipient) in brain leading to unique functional outcomes. Exosome release is modulated by alterations in the autophagy and lysosomal pathways; however, the molecular factors regulating these pathways remain elusive. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding target mRNA and modulate its turnover and translation; however their role in modulating exosome release is not understood. Here, we analyzed the miRNAs-mRNAs network which target cellular processes regulating exosome release. hsa-miR-320a showed the maximum mRNA targets of autophagy, lysosome, mitochondria and exosome release pathways. hsa-miR-320a regulate ATG5 levels and modulate exosome release under PD stress conditions in neuronal SH-SY5Y and glial U-87 MG cells. hsa-miR-320a modulates autophagic flux, lysosomal functions, and mitochondrial ROS in neuronal SH-SY5Y and glial U-87 MG cells. Exosomes derived from hsa-miR-320a expressing source cells under PD stress conditions were actively internalized in the recipient cells and rescued cell death and mitochondrial ROS. These results suggest that hsa-miR-320a regulates autophagy and lysosomal pathways and modulates exosome release in the source cells and derived exosomes under PD stress conditions rescue cell death and mitochondrial ROS in the recipient neuronal and glial cells. � 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Influence of Seed Biopriming and Vermiwash Treatment on Tomato Plant's Immunity and Nutritional Quality upon Sclerotium rolfsii Challenge Inoculation
(Springer, 2021) Rajput, Rahul Singh; Singh, Jyoti; Singh, Prachi; Vaishnav, Anukool; Singh, Harikesh Bahadur
Tomato is an important nutritional vegetable crop and its nutrient contents are affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of seed biopriming with Trichoderma pseudokoningii BHUR2 and vermiwash treatment on nutrient content of tomato and defense response against Sclerotium rolfsii under heat stress condition. The combined application of T. pseudokoningii BHUR2 and vermiwash increased fresh weight of root (4.8-fold) and shoot (5.8-fold), dry weight of root (6.9-fold) and shoot (6.4-fold) and number of fruits per plant (4.2-fold) as compared to control under S. rolfsii inoculated condition. Plants treated with T. pseudokoningii BHUR2 and vermiwash exhibited higher defense response against S. rolfsii, mediated by higher activity of superoxide dismutase (3.57-fold), peroxidase (2.05-fold) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (2.98-fold) enzymes and accumulation of total phenol content (5.35-fold) as compared to control plants. In addition, combined treatment was found to have a positive impact on nutritional status (N, P, K and Ca and lycopene, total soluble sugar and total protein) in tomato fruit. These results suggest potential of T. pseudokoningii BHUR2 and vermiwash in enhancing tomato immunity against S. rolfsii under heat stress condition, which was due to (1) induction in the antioxidant activity and phenylpropanoid pathway, which minimize oxidative damage and reduce pathogen infection and (2) significant improvement in nutrient content leads to better plant growth. The formulation of Trichoderma BHUR2 can be used for field application to mitigate heat stress in plants. � 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Killed fungal pathogen triggers antifungal metabolites in Alcaligenes faecalis for plant defense
(Academic Press, 2023) Ray, Shatrupa; Singh, Prachi; Singh, Jyoti; Singh, Surendra; Sarma, Birinchi Kumar; Singh, Harikesh Bahadur
Sclerotium rolfsii is a broad host necrotrophic pathogen causing serious damages in crop yields. Apart from chemical fungicides being used to control this pathogen, no bio-fungicides have been reported till date. In this study, we have tried to utilize heat killed S. rolfsii hyphae for triggering biosynthesis of antifungal compounds in the endophytic bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis BHU 12. The endophytic bacterial cell free supernatant (CFS) obtained by growing BHU 12 in presence of freeze-crushed and autoclaved S. rolfsii hyphae caused prominent S. rolfsii hyphal degeneration and inhibition of sclerotial germination under in vitro conditions. This result was further corroborated under in planta conditions wherein spraying of the CFS at the point of infection inhibited further pathogen ingress. This observation was justified by the presence of gallic and shikimic acid in the CFS which served as antifungal agent and augmentor of plant defense system respectively. Infected plants sprayed with the CFS were found to display a prominent increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and a corresponding increase in total phenolics. In this context, our results described the possible alternative of using endophytic bacterial metabolite compounds as biofungicides. A simultaneous augmentation in seed germination upon treatment with the CFS suggests a possibility of using endophytic bacterial supernatants as biocontrol and biofertilizer alternative instead of whole bacterial cell since indigenous soil microbiota combined with cumbersome inoculation techniques prevents successful colonization of endophytic microbes in planta. � 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Modeling of rupture using strong motion generation area: a case study of Hualien earthquake (M w 6.1) occurred on April 18, 2019
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Sharma, Saurabh; Joshi, Anand; Sandeep; Lin, Che-Min; Kuo, Chun-Hsiang; Wen, Kuo-Liang; Singh, Sandeep; Sharma, Mukat Lal; Pandey, Mohit; Singh, Jyoti
The strong Hualien earthquake (Mw 6.1) occurred along the suture zone of the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate, which struck�the Hualien city in eastern Taiwan on April 18, 2019. The focal mechanism of this earthquake shows that it is caused by a rupture within a thrust. In the present study, the rupture plane responsible for this earthquake has been modeled using the modified semi-empirical technique (MSET). The whole rupture plane is assumed to be composed of strong motion generation areas (SMGAs) along which the slip occurs with large velocities. The spatiotemporal distribution of aftershocks of this earthquake within identified rupture plane suggests that there are two SMGAs within the rupture plane. The source displacement spectra (SDS) obtained from the observed records have been used to compute the source parameters of these two SMGAs. The MSET efficiently simulates strong ground motion (SGM) at the rock site. The shallow subsurface shear wave velocity profile at various stations has been used as an input to SHAKE91 algorithm for converting records at the surface to that at the rock site. The simulated records are compared with the observed records based on root-mean-square error (RMSE) in peak ground acceleration (PGA) of horizontal components. Various parameters of the rupture plane have been selected using an iterative forward modeling scheme. The accelerograms have been simulated for all the stations that lie within an epicentral distance ranging from 5 to 100�km using the final rupture plane parameters. The comparison of observed and synthetic records validates the effectiveness of the simulation technique and suggests that the Hualien earthquake consists of two SMGAs responsible for high-frequency SGM. � 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences & Polish Academy of Sciences.
Optimization of a Process for a Microgreen and Fruit Based Ready to Serve Beverage
(ISEKI Food Association, 2021) Sharma, Anjali; Rasane, Prasad; Dey, Anirban; Singh, Jyoti; Kaur, Sawinder; Dhawan, Kajal; Kumar, Ashwani; Joshi, Hari Shankar
A process for preparation of a microgreen and fruit based beverage was optimized using spin- ach (Spinacia oleracea) microgreen, pomegranate (Punicagranatum), pineapple (Ananascomosus) and sugar. The blended juice in different ratios was analysed for total soluble solids, viscosity, sediment- ation, acidity, metal chelation activity, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The op- timized beverage had 17.26 mL 100 mL�1spinach microgreen juice, 57.07 mL 100 mL�1pomegranate juice, 1.01 g 100 g�1sugar and 24.66 mL 100 mL�1pineapple juice. The product was high in nutrients, particularly protein, minerals (sodium, potassium and iron) and vitamins (vitamin C), and bioactive compounds (total phenols and total carotenoids), and had high antioxidant activity (metal chelation activity, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power). The antioxidants and bioactive com- pounds present in juice were designed to help reduce oxidative stress during in ammatory cases such as arthritis. Copyright �2021 ISEKI-Food Association (IFA)
Recent Trends in Membrane Processing of Whey
(Springer Nature, 2023) Sathya, R.; Singh, Aishvina; Rasane, Prasad; Poonia, Amrita; Singh, Jyoti; Kaur, Sawinder; Gunjal, Mahendra; Kaur, Jaspreet; Bhadariya, Vishesh
Whey is a liquid fraction derived by separating the coagulum from milk, skim milk or cream and it is a valuable by-product of cheese manufacturing. Whey exhibits an excellent nutrient source, as it contains many classes of different-sized components like lactose, salt, residual casein, various soluble proteins, vitamins and minerals. Due to their high nutritional value, whey products like whey powder in form of whey protein isolate (less than 25% protein), whey protein concentrate (more than 90% protein), fractionated whey protein isolates, and whey butter are increasing in demand. Thus, for large-scale production of whey and whey products�membrane processing techniques are used. In comparison with traditional extraction methods like acidification and coagulation, these membrane processing techniques were observed not to destroy the micellular structure but one of the key issues is membrane fouling caused by the absorption of ions and proteins on membranes. To minimise the limitation of conventional membrane processes and traditional extraction processes, recent approaches integrate different membrane process techniques for the recovery of whey. Advanced membrane processing techniques like two-stage nanofiltration and ultrafiltration process, hydrophilic mod-ified UF membranes, hydrophobic membrane distillation, shear enhanced membrane filtration and transverse vibrating membrane filtration with modified membrane tubules developed. The decline in the fouling rate can be observed in shear-enhanced membrane filtration by applying a high shear rate (>105 /s) in two stages�the first adsorption fouling stage and the cake fouling stage. Single NF process with shear-enhanced membrane filtration is preferable for recycling and leads to lower energy consumption. The better anti-fouling performance of hydrophilic modified UF membrane made it preferable for recovering whey protein efficiently from dairy effluent. Fractionation of whey protein from a complex mixture using innovative membrane process techniques dual-grading pH-responsive membranes-sequential stepwise pH gradient (3.0�8.0) and membrane adsorption chromatography (macro-porous membrane) by coupling anion and cation membranes, both techniques recovered an individual fraction of protein with a purity of 90% or more. A transverse vibrational hollow fibre membrane can increase the transmission rate of whey protein, maintain the structure of the protein at low operating temperatures and improve the performance in fouling reduction. Membrane technology for defatting of whey uses a tubular membrane with a static mixer (vibration) which increases the efficiency of defatting without affecting the whey proteins and flux decline. High mineral content gives raw whey a salty flavour during the preparation of whey powders, while electrodialysis is one of the membrane processes that help in the desalination of whey and it further enables the use of desalted whey powders in various products. Electrodialysis may lead to protein denaturation when it is oper-ated at extremely high temperatures, thus its operating temperature should be around 5�60 �C. Cleaning membrane is one of the effective alternatives to reduce fouling, application of ultrasound at low frequency is reported to have higher cleaning efficiency than the normal application of chemicals like sodium hydro-oxide solution as it weakens the binds between membrane and foulants. This paper provides a detailed overview of advanced membrane processing techniques of whey, whey protein fractionation using membranes, integrated membrane tubules, membrane fouling and polarization reduction techniques, and various challenges and limitation due to membrane processing in whey. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Role of Moringa oleifera Lam. in cancer: Phytochemistry and pharmacological insights
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Singh, Jyoti; Gautam, Dev Nath Singh; Sourav, Simant; Sharma, Rohit
Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera), aka �Shigru,� �mother's best friend,� �miracle tree,� �horseradish tree,� �drumstick tree,� and �oil tree,� native of the sub-Himalayan region of northern India, belongs to the Moringaceae family. The high nutritional value of M. oleifera makes it suitable for both nutritional and medicinal purposes. Because of its chemical constituents, M. oleifera is used to treat and combat malnutrition, especially in infants and nursing mothers. These days, herbal medicine and its phytocompound derivatives are also being recognized as effective complementary therapies for cancer treatment. So, in this study, M. oleifera is reviewed for its anticancer property. By thoroughly scanning the PubMed, Embase, SinoMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, an extensive up-to-date report on its ethnomedicinal use, nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential is done. It has valuable nutrients such as vitamins, proteins, iron, calcium, antioxidants (flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenols) and ascorbic acid. Additionally, it is used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic agent. There are also concrete evidence that this plant's bioactive constituents, numerous extracts have a high biopotential in a number of cancer cells, through its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cell cycle arresting properties. This extensive literature review will provide insights into several mechanisms and signaling pathways of its various phytoconstituents that can mitigate the growth of cancer cells in various experimental models, safety and toxicity concerns, and drug�drug interactions. � 2022 The Authors. Food Frontiers published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd and Nanchang University, Northwest University, Jiangsu University, Zhejiang University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.

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