BHU Institutional Repository :: Browsing by Author "Singh, Prashant"

Browsing by Author "Singh, Prashant"

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A review on phytotoxicity and defense mechanism of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on plants
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Kumar, Sumit; Masurkar, Prahlad; Sravani, Bana; Bag, Dipanjali; Sharma, Kamal Ravi; Singh, Prashant; Korra, Tulasi; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are noteworthy used nanomaterials in a wide array of fields, particularly in the agricultural sector. Plants play a multifarious role in the ecosystem and provide a source of food for mankind. The responsibility of the scientific community is to recognize the deleterious impact of AgNPs (1�100�nm in size) on critical crop growth and development of plants, which is required for the assessment of environmental threats to plant, human, and animal health. The continued use of AgNPs in agriculture areas may have negative effects on plant biochemical and physiological responses. The current context focused mainly on AgNPs uptake, transport, and accumulation on crop plants and summarizes different levels of phytotoxicity of AgNPs on plant functions and focused on mechanisms of phytotoxicity employed by AgNPs. Moreover, some tolerance mechanisms and various survival strategies developed by plants under AgNPs toxicity are discussed. This background provides comprehensive information necessary to facilitate profound understanding of the toxic impacts of AgNPs on crop plants. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Arabidopsis non-host resistance PSS30 gene enhances broad-spectrum disease resistance in the soybean cultivar Williams 82
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Kambakam, Sekhar; Ngaki, Micheline N.; Sahu, Binod B.; Kandel, Devi R.; Singh, Prashant; Sumit, Rishi; Swaminathan, Sivakumar; Muliyar-Krishna, Rajesh; Bhattacharyya, Madan K.
Non-host resistance (NHR), which protects all members of a plant species from non-adapted or non-host plant pathogens, is the most common form of plant immunity. NHR provides the most durable and robust form of broad-spectrum immunity against non-adaptive pathogens pathogenic to other crop species. In a mutant screen for loss of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) NHR against the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) pathogen Phytophthora sojae, the Phytophthora sojae-susceptible 30 (pss30) mutant was identified. The pss30 mutant is also susceptible to the soybean pathogen Fusarium virguliforme. PSS30 encodes a folate transporter, AtFOLT1, which was previously localized to chloroplasts and implicated in the transport of folate from the cytosol to plastids. We show that two Arabidopsis folate biosynthesis mutants with reduced folate levels exhibit a loss of non-host immunity against P. sojae. As compared to the wild-type Col-0 ecotype, the steady-state folate levels are reduced in the pss1, atfolt1 and two folate biosynthesis mutants, suggesting that folate is required for non-host immunity. Overexpression of AtFOLT1 enhances immunity of transgenic soybean lines against two serious soybean pathogens, the fungal pathogen F. virguliforme and the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines. Transgenic lines showing enhanced SCN resistance also showed increased levels of folate accumulation. This study thus suggests that folate contributes to non-host plant immunity and that overexpression of a non-host resistance gene could be a suitable strategy for generating broad-spectrum disease resistance in crop plants. � 2021 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Biofortifkation: A strategy to remove malnutrition and achieve sustainable development goals
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Singh, Prashant; Ashutosh; Kumar, Monu; Mishra, Vinod Kumar; Atri, Neelam
Biofortification is the process of breeding crops to increase their nutrient content, including micronutrient content (Zn, Fe and vitamins) and a strategy to achieve different United Nations - Sustainable Development Goals. Biofortification aims to boost the nutritional value of crops during their growth rather than after they've been processed into foods. Biofortification is a new field of study based on varietal crop trials conducted over the last decade with staple food crops that have been biofortified using traditional plant breeding methods in their respective regional staple crops, such as wheat and rice in South Asia, cassava in Africa, wheat and maize in Latin America, and so on. Biofortification of staple food crops is a cost-effective and long-term solution. Once a variety with a high content of an essential nutrient is developed, it can be maintained indefinitely. The elemental composition of a sample can be identified and quantified using X-ray spectra. Use X-Ray Fluorescence Technology (XRF) to screen for Zn/Fe in various staple crop germplasm around the world. According to the findings of the trials, biofortified food crops have a positive impact on nutritional and functional health outcomes. Additional implementation research will be required to ensure that the beneficial impact of this intervention is maximized and that scaling up is smooth to make biofortification a long-term public health intervention. � 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc..
Boundedness of fractional Hankel wavelet transform on some Beurling type spaces
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Mahato, Kanailal; Singh, Prashant
We give certain characterization results of fractional Hankel transform on the spaces of type Beurling-Bjorck. Using wavelet theory, we obtain certain boundedness results of continuous wavelet transform in terms of fractional Hankel transform on the Beurling-Bjorck type spaces. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Forum D�Analystes.
Circumscription of Fulbrightiella gen. nov. and Sherwoodiella gen. nov., Two Novel Genera in the Calotrichaceae (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Kumar, Naresh; Saraf, Aniket; Pal, Sagarika; Mishra, Deeksha; Singh, Prashant; Johansen, Jeffrey R.
Three novel strains in Calotrichaceae from tropical habitats were isolated and characterized with regard to their morphology, phylogenetic placement, and secondary structures of conserved domains in the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The strains fell into two clades formerly identified as Calothrix from freshwater and brackish habitats. Based on both morphology and ecology, they differed from the type species of Calothrix, C. confervicola, which is marine, has wide trichomes with short cells, and narrows abruptly to a hyaline hair. The first clade grouped species with heteropolar filaments widened at the base and narrowed gradually toward the apex but not ending in a hair, with basal heterocytes that are formed in series as the apically placed heterocytes senesce; this clade is being named Fulbrightiella gen. nov., with two named species, F. bharadwajae sp. nov. and F. oahuensis sp. nov. The second clade was comprised of a single species with isopolar trichomes that are untapering as hormogonia, but which widen midfilament and taper toward both ends following growth. These trichomes develop pairs of heterocyte mid-filament, causing fragmentation into heteropolar trichomes with basal heterocytes and ends that taper, but not to a hair. This clade consists of a single species at present, Sherwoodiella mauiensis. With this action, four clades in the Calotrichaceae have been named: Macrochaete, Dulcicalothrix, Fulbrightiella, and Sherwoodiella. Calothrix sensu stricto is truly marine, morphologically distinct, and unsequenced; finding and sequencing the generitype for Calothrix remains as the most important and unfinished task in the revision of the Calotrichaceae. � 2022 The Authors. Journal of Phycology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Phycological Society of America.
Constrictifilum karadense gen. et sp. nov., a new Nostocalean genus from Maharashtra, India
(Oxford University Press, 2021) Chavadar, Mahesh; Saraf, Aniket; Suradkar, Archana; Mishra, Deeksha; Kumar, Naresh; Singh, Prashant
A freshwater dwelling cyanobacterium (strain MKW3) was isolated from a sample collected from a water logged sugarcane field located in Malkapur, Karad, Maharashtra, India, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. In the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, strain MKW3 clustered with two misidentified strains-Nostoc sp. CENA239 and Calothrix sp. NIES2100. The phylogenetically related members included strains identified as Nostoc, Aulosira, Calothrix, Tolypothrix, Camptylonemopsis and Microchaete. The phylogenetic and the morphological analysis of the strain MKW3 indicated that it does not belong to any of the above mentioned genera. Furthermore, the 16S-23S ITS secondary structure analysis provided clear evidence indicating that strain MKW3 is different from Nostoc sp. CENA239 and Calothrix sp. NIES2100. Based on the morphological, phylogenetic and 16S-23S ITS secondary structure analysis we describe our strain as Constrictifilum karadense gen. et sp. nov. in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants. � 2021 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS. All rights reserved.
Continuity of the fractional hankel wavelet transform on gelfand�shilov spaces
(Rocky Mountain Mathematics Consortium, 2021) Mahato, Kanailal; Singh, Prashant
We give characterization results of the fractional Hankel transform as well its inverse on some Gelfand�Shilov spaces of type W. Furthermore, we derive the boundedness properties of wavelet transforms involving the fractional Hankel transform on certain suitably constructed spaces of type W. c Rocky Mountain Mathematics Consortium
Cyanobacteria in the polar regions: Diversity, adaptation, and taxonomic problems
(Elsevier, 2021) Singh, Prashant; Kumar, Naresh; Pal, Sagarika
Cyanobacteria are interesting components of all polar habitats with many of them being present in different microhabitats. A long evolutionary history and strong adaptive tendencies allow these cyanobacteria to survive and thrive in these tough conditions with ease. They are known to be present in a wide array of microhabitats from the highly exposed barren rock surfaces having extreme doses of ultraviolet radiation to endolithic ecosystems having very less amount of light. The omnipresence of cyanobacteria is a result of the strategies they can design to adapt and flourish in these conditions. Key stress factors that test these survival capabilities include temperature, freeze-thaw cycles, desiccation, and intense light and ultraviolet radiations. In spite of their dominance and strong presence, cyanobacteria have been remarkably underrepresented in culture-based studies till now, which can be attributed to many reasons. It is hoped that in the coming times, better possibilities of cyanobacterial cultivation could be earmarked for efficient taxonomic and exploratory studies. � 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cyanoprokaryotes and algae: classification and habitats
(Elsevier, 2021) Saber, Abdullah A.; El-Refaey, Ahmed A.; Saber, Hani; Singh, Prashant; van Vuuren, Sanet Janse; Cantonati, Marco
Cyanoprokaryotes (or cyanobacteria), the most ancient photoautotrophs on Earth, and eukaryotic algae are present nearly in all biomes across the globe. Besides their key role in the production of most of the global net oxygen, they also play multiple pivotal ecological roles in the environments they colonize. Most cyanoprokaryotes and algal species present a high degree of morphological and physiological adaptation to their biotopes. During recent decades, with the affirmation of the polyphasic approach and robust support from molecular phylogenetics, cyanoprokaryotes and algae have undergone extensive taxonomic revisions, resulting in the discovery and description of many new species, genera, families, and orders. In this chapter, we discuss the foundations and modern criteria of cyanobacterial and algal classification. Habitats of cyanoprokaryotes and algae, including extremophiles from hot springs, are presented with a focus on biogeographically and environmentally restricted flagship morphotaxa. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Description of Cylindrospermum solincola sp. nov. from Jammu and Kashmir, India and Further Insights into the Ecological Distribution and Morphological Attributes of Cylindrospermum badium
(MDPI, 2023) Kumar, Naresh; Saraf, Aniket; Pal, Sagarika; Singh, Prashant
Two cyanobacterial strains KUT1-PS and 18C-PS were collected from the soil surface and vernal pool, respectively, from the Basantgarh village, Udhampur district of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India and characterized by a polyphasic approach. The morphological characterization indicated that both the strains showed typical Cylindrospermum-like morphology and probably belonged to the genus Cylindrospermum. Further, phylogenetic interpretations at the genus level were made using the 16S rRNA gene while the 16S-23S ITS region phylogenetic analysis and secondary structure analysis were conducted to enhance the resolution at the species level. The results from the comparative morphological analysis, the 16S rRNA gene percent similarity and phylogenetic analyses, the 16S-23S ITS percent dissimilarity and the ITS secondary structure analyses provided enough evidence that the strain 18C-PS is a representative of Cylindrospermum badium, providing further insights into its ecological distribution and morphological attributes. Additionally, the strain KUT1-PS was a novel species of the genus Cylindrospermum and is referred to herein as Cylindrospermum solincola sp. nov., in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants. This study also discusses the importance of comparing the newly sequenced strains with previously established species before making final taxonomic interpretations. � 2023 by the authors.
Description of hot spring dwelling Mastigocladus ambikapurensis sp. nov., using a polyphasic approach
(Springer, 2021) Jaiswal, Tameshwar Prasad; Chakraborty, Sindhunath; Singh, Prashant; Mishra, Arun Kumar; Singh, Satya Shila
Hot spring dwelling cyanobacterial strain TA-9 was isolated and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Morphological evaluation of the strain indicated the presence of typical T-type true branching with differently positioned heterocytes. Physiological characterization of the strain was also performed followed by molecular and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene. 16S rRNA gene phylogeny indicated the strain to be strongly supported at an independent node with consistent tree topology being visible. Further, folding of the D1?D1? and box-B helix of the ITS region differentiated the strain from phylogenetically related species. Thus, the morphological, phylogenetic and folded ITS structures confirm that the strain TA-9 is a new species of the genus Mastigocladus with the name proposed being Mastigocladus ambikapurensis in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature of algae, fungi and plants. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
Digging deeper into the taxonomy of Cylindrospermum and description of Johanseniella tripurensis gen. et sp. nov. from India
(Oxford University Press, 2022) Pal, Sagarika; Saraf, Aniket; Kumar, Naresh; Singh, Arush; Talukdar, Utkarsh; Kohar, Niraj; Singh, Prashant
The wet soil-inhabiting cyanobacterium URH-6-PS was collected from the state of Tripura, India, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Initial microscopic analysis indicated the strain to be a member of the genus Cylindrospermum, however, the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis showed some interesting results. The strain URH-6-PS clustered in the Clade I, which positioned itself outside the Cylindrospermum sensu stricto clade with strong probability/bootstrap support, indicating that the strain may not belong to the genus Cylindrospermum. Further, analysis of the 16S-23S ITS region using the folded secondary structures of the D1-D1?, Box-B, and V3 helices and the 16S-23S ITS percentage dissimilarity values clearly indicated the distinctiveness of strain URH-6-PS from other members of the Clade I. The detailed investigations conducted in this study provided sufficient evidence that the taxonomic status of the members of Clade I need to be revised. Interestingly, all members of the clade I originated from tropical and subtropical habitats while members of the Cylindrospermum sensu stricto clade have been reported from temperate conditions. Previous studies had also indicated the possibility of the formation of tropical and subtropical Cylindrospermum-like genera, and thus this comes across as a much-awaited study to resolve the taxonomic complexities around the genus Cylindrospermum. Based on the results obtained in this study and the trends observed in the earlier studies, we describe a novel Cylindrospermum-like genus Johanseniella gen. nov., with the type species Johanseniellatripurensis sp. nov. in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. � 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.
Diseases in Legume Crops: Next Generation Breeding Approaches for Resistant Legume Crops
(CRC Press, 2023) Jha, Uday Chand; Nayyar, Harsh; Sharma, Kamal Dev; Wettberg, Eric J Bishop von; Singh, Prashant; Siddique, Kadambot H.M.
The edited book covers all major and minor diseases in grain legumes (chickpea, pigeon pea, lentil, mung bean, common bean, groundnut, and soybean) and forages legumes (including Medicago, rice bean, and faba bean) and their control measures by using various breeding approaches. Grain legumes are versatile nutritionally rich crops, and are one of the important components of global food security. However, grain legumes are severely challenged by various major and emerging minor diseases causing serious limitations in grain yield and production. Thus, to minimize the negative impact of the growing yield loss caused by these diseases, several approaches have been developed and embraced. This book covers all the latest development in genetics, breeding, genomics, and molecular biology tools for combating various major and minor emerging diseases in all the grain legumes from expert authors. Chapters in this title contain all the relevant illustrations and statistical data detailing the present scenario and identifying the gap for meeting the future demand for sustaining global protein security by developing disease-resistant cultivars. This book is of interest to graduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and policymakers to understand the impacts of various diseases on yield loss in legume crops. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Genomic Approaches for Resistance Against Fungal Diseases in Soybean
(CRC Press, 2023) Jha, Rintu; Tiwari, Menka; Devi, Bandana; Jha, Uday Chand; Tripathi, Shailesh; Singh, Prashant
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), an essential leguminous crop, is plagued by several fungal diseases, which is a major worry for soybean farmers worldwide. Significant progress has been made in recent decades in the identification of pathogen-caused diseases, the sources of resistance, and the determination of genomic loci granting resistance to various diseases on linkage maps of soybean. To maintain the sustainability and expansion of soybean production globally, the application of genomics to disease-resistant soybean cultivars is a common goal. Marker-assisted selection and genomic selection have been shown to be effective methods for quickly integrating vertical resistance or horizontal resistance into improved soybean varieties. Vertical resistance is defined as R genes and major effect QTLs, whereas horizontal resistance is a combination of major and minor effect genes or QTLs. In this chapter, we have focused on some important fungal diseases of soybean, and genomic approaches like breeding, identification of QTLs, transcriptomics for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), metabolomics, and proteomics that confer resistance to fungal diseases in all major soybean production regions of the world are provided. We also emphasized the use of modern genomic tools by providing a thorough summary of significant resistance genes and QTLs for soybean improvement. The condensed genetic knowledge also illuminates the future directions for translational genomics research and expedited soybean breeding. The primary goals of soybean crop improvement are centred on the discovery of sources of resistance to various biotic as well as abiotic stresses and the use of these sources for additional hybridization and transgenic processes to generate new cultivars for stress management. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Green Vaccination: Smart Plant Health Care for Human Welfare
(Springer Nature, 2022) Singh, Prashant
One of the twenty-first century�s greatest food security issues is increasing crop yield stability through the production of disease-resistant crops. Plants are constantly exposed to potentially pathogenic microbes present around them. Managing plant health is a major challenge to modern food production, and exacerbated by the lack of common ground among the various disciplines involved in disease control. Food production is highly dependent on the use of chemical to combat pathogens, in the absence of genetic resistance in crops. Given their efficacy, plant protection dependent on chemical substances has negative environmental effects and creates risks for the wider ecosystem. Reducing the food production�s reliance on chemical control is a key goal of plant pathology science. One of the main objectives of plant research in the twenty-first century is to improve our knowledge of the plant protection mechanism and uncover how pathogens exploit it to create crops with both long-lasting pathogen resistance and enhanced yields. Plants also developed a complex immune system designed to withstand pests and diseases. In addition to their innate immune system that regulates preprogrammed defensive reactions, plants may also increase their immune system�s sensitivity in response to selected environmental signals. This phenomenon is known as �defense priming.� Although defense priming seldom offers maximum security, its wide-spectrum efficacy, long-lasting longevity, and inherited from future generations make it attractive to integrated disease control. This article highlights the role of the plant defense priming in sustainable agriculture. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Hardy type uncertainty principles for fractional Hankel transform
(Birkhauser, 2022) Mahato, Kanailal; Singh, Prashant
Our main interest in this paper is to study of Beurling, Hardy, Cowling-Price, and Gel�fand-Shilov uncertainty principles by means of fractional Hankel transform � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Harnessing genetic variability for shoot and root morphophysiological traits contributing to drought stress tolerance in pre-breeding lines chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under hydroponics condition
(Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2023) Jha, Rintu; Yadav, Hemant K.; Jha, Uday C.; Raiya, Rahul; Paul, Pronob J.; Tripathi, Shailesh; Singh, Prashant
Under the global climate change, drought stress is becoming a recurrent phenomenon influencing plant growth and yield negatively, thus jeopardizing global food security. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in South Asia as a post-rainy season crop under residual soil moisture, is more often exposed to terminal drought stress, especially during the pod filling stage ultimately results in significant yield reduction in chickpea. Crop wild relatives are natural reservoirs of novel genes, including drought tolerance, that are not often found in cultivated species. Aiming to identify novel drought tolerance sources, a total of 60 pre-breeding lines of chickpea derived from the wild progenitor C. reticulatum and cultivated C. arietinum cross were screened based on various morpho-physiological traits under controlled as well as water-stressed condition in a hydroponic system. Based on the results, 15 PBLs were found to be promising as compared with reported drought-tolerant cultivar ICC 4958 and susceptible genotype ICC17264 (both were used as check). Thus, these identified pre-breeding lines could be potentially used for developing high-yielding drought resilient chickpea genotypes. � The Author(s).
Heritable priming by Trichoderma: A sustainable approach for wheat protection against Bipolaris sorokiniana
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Tiwari, Menka; Singh, Rajat; Jha, Rintu; Singh, Prashant
Crop plants encounter a variety of biotic challenges in the field and faces significant reduction in crop yield. In the current scenario of an ever increasing global population, there is an urgent need to protect plant health by using sustainable approach to maximize the crop productivity and to mitigate the food demands. Nowadays, we mostly rely on chemical crop protection techniques, which are causing a number of environmental and health difficulties. Defence priming is a chemical-free, eco-friendly, and sustainable strategy of crop protection, which is also called �green vaccination. In the present study, for the first time, we used Trichoderma as a priming agent to protect wheat crop from spot blotch disease. We have established Trichoderma-mediated defence priming in wheat against Bipolaris sorokiniana for sustainable crop improvement. We have characterised the morphological, disease phenotype, biochemical and yield parameters of Trichoderma-primed and non-primed wheat under disease pressure. Trichoderma-primed plants were found to be more protected against B. sorokiniana as compared to non-primed plants. Biochemical studies indicated that there is no direct defence response after priming stimulus but the defence response was activated only after triggering stimulus in terms of enhanced defence metabolites in primed plants as compared to non-primed plants. In the present study, since defence was activated only when required, that is under disease pressure, there was no unnecessary allocation of resources towards defence. Hence, no yield penalty was shown in primed plants as compared to control. We further evaluated the inheritance of primed state to the next generation and found that progeny of primed parents also performed better than progeny of non-primed parents under disease pressure in terms of protection from B. sorokiniana as well as yield performance. This strategy has the potential to protect crop without any yield penalty and causing environmental degradation. Our research findings indicate that Trichoderma-mediated defence priming could be an alternative approach for improving wheat productivity under biotic stress. To be our best knowledge, this is the first documented report for the Trichoderma-mediated defence priming and induced inheritance in wheat plant. This study will open new arenas in sustainable crop protection strategies for the exploitation of defence priming in crop plants. Copyright � 2022 Tiwari, Singh, Jha and Singh.
Homology modeling in combination of phylogenetic assortment, a new approach to resolve the phylogeny of selected heterocystous cyanobacteria based on phycocyanin encoding cpcBA-IGS locus
(Springer, 2021) Shukla, Ekta; Singh, Prashant; Singh, Vinay Kumar; Singh, Satya Shila; Mishra, Arun Kumar
The present communication deals with phylogenetic assessment of phycocyanin coding genes, based on their 3-D structures which is still in its infancy. Homology modeling of cpcA and cpcB in conjunction with molecular phylogenetics for 12 strains belonging to the heterocystous cyanobacteria has been performed with an aim to resolve the ambiguities in their phylogenetic positions. 3D structure has been deduced using Discovery studio while CHIMERA, PEROMALS3D and SALIGN tools have been used for studying the structure based diversity of cpcA and cpcB genes respectively. MEME suite has been further used for motif analysis. Calothrix brevissima Ind9 was the most divergent strain. Nostoc and Anabaena were found to be intermixed at structural level also. The phylogeny suggested monophyletic origin of the heterocystous clade. Conserved Signature Indels provides novel means of identification and also supported monophyletic origin of heterocystous cyanobacteria. At the structure level the secondary elements are more conserved. Overall data obtained through the 3D structure based phylogeny affirmed close association and similar origin of the two subsections. This approach provides better resolution and must be used along with molecular phylogenetics for better identification of cyanobacteria. � 2021, Society for Plant Research.
Induction of Iron Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines by Siderophore of Aspergillus nidulans Towards Promising Anticancer Effect
(Humana Press Inc., 2022) Khan, Azmi; Singh, Pratika; Chaudhary, Archana; Haque, Rizwanul; Singh, Prashant; Mishra, Arun Kumar; Sarkar, Abhijit; Srivastava, Amrita
Hepatocellular carcinoma is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and needs efficient and feasible approach of treatment. Present study focuses on exploring the anticancer activity of a secondary metabolite called siderophore of Aspergillus nidulans against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. These small peptides are produced by microorganisms including fungi for scavenging iron from its surroundings. Fungi including Aspergillus spp. are known to produce siderophores under iron-limited conditions. Siderophores have high affinity towards iron and are classified into various types. In the present study, siderophore isolated and purified from fungal cultures was confirmed to be of hydroxamate type by chrome azurol sulfonate and Atkin�s assay. HPLC analysis confirmed purity while LC�ESI�MS revealed that the siderophore is triacetyl fusigen. Cancerous cells, HepG2, grown under siderophore treatment showed inhibition in growth and proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Reduction in viability and metabolic activity was evident upon treatment as seen in trypan blue, MTT and WST assay. Fluorescent staining using PI and DAPI confirmed the same while DCFDA staining revealed increased reactive oxygen species production which might have led to cell death and deterioration. Such increase in ROS has been correlated with iron accumulation by assessing intracellular iron level through ICP-MS. To assess the effect of siderophore treatment on normal cells, WRL-68, same assays were carried out but the effect was mostly non-significant up to 48�h. Thus, present work suggests that an optimum dose of siderophore purified from A. nidulans culture might prove a useful anticancer agent. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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