BHU Institutional Repository :: Browsing by Author "Singh, Shiv Mohan"

Browsing by Author "Singh, Shiv Mohan"

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90Sr level and behaviour in the terrestrial environment of Spitsbergen
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Cwanek, Anna; ?okas, Edyta; Nguyen Dinh, Chau; Zag�rski, Piotr; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Szufa, Katarzyna; Tomankiewicz, Ewa
The research was focused on the level and distribution of 90Sr in various parts of the terrestrial environment of Spitsbergen. The mean activity concentrations were noted lower in peats and soils than in cryoconite. Analysis of vertical variation of 90Sr for soils and peats as well as isotopic ratios of 137Cs/90Sr and 239+240Pu/90Sr for cryoconite clearly showed substantial migration or depletion of the�considered radionuclide. Due to the large dispersion of isotopic signatures, the 90Sr provenance was difficult to identify in the examined region. However, observed high mobility of the 90Sr might indicate the global fallout origin. � 2020, The Author(s).
Adsorption of ice-binding proteins onto whole ice crystal surfaces does not necessarily confer a high thermal hysteresis activity
(Nature Research, 2022) Arai, Tatsuya; Yamauchi, Akari; Yang, Yue; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Sasaki, Yuji C.; Tsuda, Sakae
Many psychrophilic microorganisms synthesize ice-binding proteins (IBPs) to survive the cold. The functions of IBPs are evaluated by the effect of the proteins on the nonequilibrium water freezing-point depression, which is called �thermal hysteresis (TH)�, and the inhibitory effect of the proteins on the growth of larger ice crystals, which is called �ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI)�. To obtain mechanical insight into the two activities, we developed a modified method of ice affinity purification and extracted two new IBP isoforms from Psychromyces glacialis, an Arctic glacier fungus. One isoform was found to be an approximately 25�kDa protein (PsgIBP_S), while the other is a 28�kDa larger protein (PsgIBP_L) that forms an intermolecular dimer. Their TH activities were less than 1��C at millimolar concentrations, implying that both isoforms are moderately active but not hyperactive IBP species. It further appeared that both isoforms exhibit high IRI activity even at submicromolar concentrations. Furthermore, the isoforms can bind to the whole surface of a hemispherical single ice crystal, although such ice-binding was generally observed for hyperactive IBP species. These results suggest that the binding ability of IBPs to whole ice crystal surfaces is deficient for hyperactivity but is crucial for significant IRI activity. � 2022, The Author(s).
Algal Metabolites Can Be an Immune Booster against COVID-19 Pandemic
(MDPI, 2022) Kumar, Ajay; Singh, Rahul Prasad; Kumar, Indrajeet; Yadav, Priya; Singh, Sandeep Kumar; Kaushalendra; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Gupta, Rajan Kumar; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Kesawat, Mahipal Singh; Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya; Chung, Sang-Min; Kumar, Manu
The world has faced the challenges of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for the last two years, first diagnosed at the end of 2019 in Wuhan and widely distributed worldwide. As a result, the WHO has proclaimed the illness brought on by this virus to be a global pandemic. To combat COVID-19, researcher communities continuously develop and implement rapid diagnoses, safe and effective vaccinations and other alternative therapeutic procedures. However, synthetic drug-related side effects and high costs have piqued scientists� interest in natural product-based therapies and medicines. In this regard, antiviral substances derived from natural resources and some medicines have seen a boom in popularity. For instance, algae are a rich source of compounds such as lectins and sulfated polysaccharides, which have potent antiviral and immunity-boosting properties. Moreover, Algae-derived compounds or metabolites can be used as antibodies and vaccine raw materials against COVID-19. Furthermore, some algal species can boost immunity, reduce viral activity in humans and be recommended for usage as a COVID-19 preventative measure. However, this field of study is still in its early stages of development. Therefore, this review addresses critical characteristics of algal metabolites, their antioxidant potential and therapeutic potential in COVID-19. � 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Belowground fungal volatiles perception in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) facilitates plant growth under biotic stress
(Elsevier GmbH, 2021) Singh, Jyoti; Singh, Prachi; Vaishnav, Anukool; Ray, Shatrupa; Rajput, Rahul Singh; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Singh, Harikesh Bahadur
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) have great potential in plant ecophysiology, yet the role of belowground VOCs in plant stress management remains largely obscure. Analysis of biocontrol producing VOCs into the soil allow detailed insight into their interaction with soil borne pathogens for plant disease management. A root interaction trial was set up to evaluate the effects of VOCs released from Trichoderma viride BHU-V2 on soil-inhabiting fungal pathogen and okra plant growth. VOCs released into soil by T. viride BHU-V2 inhibited the growth of collar rot pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii. Okra plants responded to VOCs by increasing the root growth (lateral roots) and total biomass content. VOCs exposure increased defense mechanism in okra plants by inducing different enzyme activities i.e. chitinase (0.89 fold), ?-1,3-glucanase (0.42 fold), peroxidase (0.29 fold), polyphenol oxidase (0.33 fold) and phenylalanine lyase (0.7 fold) when inoculated with S. rolfsii. In addition, T. viride BHU-V2 secreted VOCs reduced lipid peroxidation and cell death in okra plants under pathogen inoculated condition. GC/MS analysis of VOCs blend revealed that T. viride BHU-V2 produced more number of antifungal compounds in soil medium as compared to standard medium. Based on the above observations it is concluded that okra plant roots perceive VOCs secreted by T. viride BHU-V2 into soil that involved in induction of plant defense system against S. rolfsii. In an ecological context, the findings reveal that belowground microbial VOCs may play an important role in stress signaling mechanism to interact with plants. � 2021
Candida: Biofilm formation and antifungal resistance
(Elsevier, 2022) Sharma, Shraddha; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Mane, Gajanan; Pote, Satish T.; Patole, Milind S.; Sharma, Rohit
Species of Candida are mostly pathogens of humans and animals and cause both systemic and superficial infections. Several antifungal drugs are available to treat the same. However, over the past years, there is an increase in the antifungal drug resistance in the species of yeasts including Candida. As we are aware, one the most important features of Candida is their ability to produce biofilms. These biofilms are known to protect the pathogen from host immune response system and antifungal drugs. The ability of Candida to adhere to different types of metal and plastic surfaces and form biofilm on medical devices such as intravascular catheters, prosthetic heart valves, joint replacements, or any other artificial organ to be used inside the host tissues. This helps in the persistent colonization of the infections. Due to this there has been an increase in the multidrug-resistant infection from hospitals. The book chapter focuses on the factors affecting the biofilm formation, characteristics of biofilm, and recent advances in the area. The whole-genome sequencing has given new insights into the knowledge of biofilm and antifungal drug resistance. The new insights obtained from the whole-genome sequence data for the physiological aspects of the biofilm and antifungal drug resistance are also discussed. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Comparative genomic analysis of arctic permafrost bacterium nesterenkonia sp. Pf2b19 to gain insights into its cold adaptation tactic and diverse biotechnological potential
(MDPI AG, 2021) Singh, Purnima; Kapse, Neelam; Gowdaman, Vasudevan; Tsuji, Masaharu; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Dhakephalkar, Prashant K.
Nesterenkonia sp. PF2B19, a psychrophile was isolated from 44,800-year-old permafrost soil. This is the first report on comparative genomics of Nesterenkonia sp. isolated from Arctic. Genome of PF2B19 exhibited the presence of a vast array of genetic determinants involved in cold adaptation i.e., response to cold-associated general, osmotic, and oxidative stress. These genomic attributes proved to be valuable in unraveling the adaptive tactics employed by PF2B19 for survival in the cold permafrost soils of the Arctic. Genomic analysis of PF2B19 has given some valuable insight into the biotechnological potential of this strain, particularly as a source of cold-active enzymes, as a bioremediating agent and as plant growth-promoting bacteria. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Elemental Composition and Freezing Tolerance in High Arctic Fishes and Invertebrates
(MDPI, 2022) Singh, Shiv Mohan; Tsuji, Masaharu; Singh, Purnima; Mulik, Ravindra Uttam
The elemental composition in different Arctic fishes and invertebrates was investigated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICPMS). Nineteen elements such as Arsenic (As), Barium (Ba), Bismuth (Bi), Cadmium (Cd), Cesium (Cs), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Rubidium (Rb), Selinium (Se), Silver (Ag), Strontium (Sr), Uranium (U), Vanadium (V), and Zinc (Zn) were analyzed in six species of fishes (Anarhichas lupus, Gadus ogac, Gadus morhu, Gymnocanthus tricuspis, Liparis sp., Myoxocephalus scorpius) and four benthic invertebrates (Ophiura albida, O. Sarsii, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, Polychaete). Elemental data revealed that the invertebrates accumulate higher concentrations of elements than the fishes. The high concentration of elements including Sr, As, and Zn indicated anthropogenic contribution and may affect the fish community in the fragile ecosystem of the High Arctic. The movement of tourists and logistics must be regulated to prevent serious change in Svalbard. Most of the fishes have shown strong antifreeze protein (AFP) activity, and this potential helps fishes to survive in the cold Arctic environment. This is the first study of elemental concentrations and AFPs in fishes and benthic invertebrates filling the knowledge gap from the High Arctic. � 2022 by the authors.
Identification of Fungal Communities Isolated from Himalayan Glacier Cryoconites
(MDPI, 2022) Dhume, Gandhali M.; Tsuji, Masaharu; Singh, Shiv Mohan
The current study focuses on fungi that were isolated from cryoconite holes of the Hamtah glacier in the Himalayas. Cryoconite holes have ecological and biotechnological importance. A total of seven cryoconite samples were collected from different locations and subjected to the isolation of psychotropic fungi at 1, 4, 15 and 22 �C. Isolates were identified by ITS and D1/D2 region sequences. The result showed culturable yeasts (45) and filamentous fungi (10) belonging to four ascomycetous classes (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes and Sordariomycetes) and two basidiomycetes� classes (Microbotryomycetes and Tremellomycetes). Physiological characteristics such as the pH, temperature, salt tolerance, carbon source utilization and antibiotics sensitivity of the isolates were studied. All the isolates were grown from acidic to alkaline pH and were able to grow at 1 to 22 �C. The fungal cultures isolated were screened to produce cold active enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, lipase, protease and catalase. Cellulase activity was detected at its maximum at both 4 and 15 �C. Himalayan cryoconites fungi showed immense potential for biotechnological and industrial applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of the characterization of fungal communities present in the glacier cryoconites of the Himalayas. � 2022 by the authors.
Partial characterization of an antifreeze protein (CRY-c) from Cryobacterium psychrotolerans MLB-29 of Arctic glacier cryoconite
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Singh, Purnima; Tsuda, Sakae; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Mondal, Sukanta; Roy, Utpal
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) play important roles in the survival of microorganisms existing in the cold environment. One of the several AFPs from an Arctic glacier bacterial strain which in our previous study showed thermal hysteresis (TH) and ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activities has been characterized partially in the present study. The cry-c AFP from the Svalbard Arctic cryoconite strain Cry-c MLB-29 belonging to the genus Cryobacterium has been characterized by ESI-Q-TOF-MS that revealed its molecular mass as 22.14 kDa. Multi-enzymatic limited digestion and nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses revealed 228 amino acid residues in 21 peptide fragments. First 20 amino acid residues of the N-terminus of cry-c AFP has been deduced. Glycine and alalnine-rich sequences and the NXS motifs in several peptide fragments have been found out. Selected peptide fragments of the AFP have been modeled by PEP-FOLD and the structure-function correlation discussed in view of its antifreeze property. � 2021 Elsevier B.V. and NIPR
Revisiting the role of cyanobacteria-derived metabolites as antimicrobial agent: A 21st century perspective
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Kar, Joyeeta; Ramrao, Devde Pandurang; Zomuansangi, Ruth; Lalbiaktluangi, C.; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Joshi, Naveen Chandra; Kumar, Ajay; Kaushalendra; Mehta, Suryakant; Yadav, Mukesh Kumar; Singh, Prashant Kumar
Cyanobacterial species are ancient photodiazotrophs prevalent in freshwater bodies and a natural reservoir of many metabolites (low to high molecular weight) such as non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, ribosomal peptides, alkaloids, cyanotoxins, and isoprenoids with a well-established bioactivity potential. These metabolites enable cyanobacterial survival in extreme environments such as high salinity, heavy metals, cold, UV-B, etc. Recently, these metabolites are gaining the attention of researchers across the globe because of their tremendous applications as antimicrobial agents. Many reports claim the antimicrobial nature of these metabolites; unfortunately, the mode of action of such metabolites is not well understood and/or known limited. Henceforth, this review focuses on the properties and potential application, also critically highlighting the possible mechanism of action of these metabolites to offer further translational research. The review also aims to provide a comprehensive insight into current gaps in research on cyanobacterial biology as antimicrobials and hopes to shed light on the importance of continuing research on cyanobacteria metabolites in the search for novel antimicrobials. Copyright � 2022 Kar, Ramrao, Zomuansangi, Lalbiaktluangi, Singh, Joshi, Kumar, Kaushalendra, Mehta, Yadav and Singh.
Spirulina: From ancient food to innovative super nutrition of the future and its market scenario as a source of nutraceutical
(Springer Nature, 2023) Singh, Sandeep Kumar; Shukla, Livleen; Yadav, Nisha; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Yadav, Mukesh Kumar; Kaushalendra, X.; Kumar, Ajay
In the current century, people worldwide are facing hunger due to limitations in the food supply; to combat the scarcity of food, we are looking for an alternate source of food that contains all the necessary nutrients which are present in our normal diet which boost the immune system and provide energy to our body. Spirulina belonging to Cyanophyta has emerged as food for the future or super nutrition of the future as it contains all the necessary nutrients required in our diet. Spirulina is regarded as one of the most studied and commercialized alga having a higher concentration of proteins content. Furthermore, easily digestible nature and various health benefits, the leading world organization such as WHO and FAO consider spirulina as a superfood or future food. In the existing literature, we would focus on the biochemical composition of the alga, properties that make it future food, and prospective related to the algal food and market scenario of the present and future. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

Browsing by Author "Singh, Shiv Mohan"

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