Browsing by Author "Tiwari S.K."

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    Direct shoot regeneration from cotyledonary node of Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC., an important plant of dashmula drugs, and assessment of genetic fidelity, metabolic profiling, and anti-diabetic activity
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) Dixit J.; Verma P.; Mishra P.; Tiwari K.N.; Tiwari S.K.; Mishra S.K.; Singh J.
    Uraria picta root is used in the polyherbal product �Dashmula�. Its exploitation for formulation preparation has depleted its availability, leading to medicine adulteration. Direct shoot regeneration from the cotyledonary node holds promise as a source of raw material. This study aimed to develop a regeneration protocol for U. picta and validate its genetic and metabolic fidelity. The seeds of U. picta showed low germination rates, prolonged dormancy, and poor viability. Root exploitation in the wild poses a threat to its availability in nature. Seedling's derived cotyledonary nodes cultured on B5 medium supplemented with BAP (0.5�3 mg L?1), Kinetin (0.5�3 mg L?1), Thidiazuron (0.01�1 mg L?1), and meta-Topolin (0.1�4 mg L1). To address hyperhydricity in regenerated shoots, cotyledonary nodes were cultured on high-agar concentration media. Microshoots were exposed to IBA solution (50�800 mg L?1) pulse treatment for rooting. Tissue-cultured plants genetic fidelity was assessed using ISSR and SCoT markers, while metabolic fidelity was studied with HRMS. The chlorophyll content, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity of micropropagated plants were evaluated. The highest shoot regeneration frequency, with a maximum of 6.57�0.278 shoots per explant, was achieved using 2 mg L?1 meta-Topolin. The shoots were elongated, had expanded leaves, and were hyperhydrated. BAP (2 mg L?1) induced a maximum of 9.83�0.333 shoot buds per explant. BAP caused explant browning, profuse callus formation, dwarfing, and hyperhydric shoots. Hyperhydricity was alleviated with a higher agar concentration (1 %). IBA (400 mg L?1) induced a maximum of 2.18�0.090 roots per shoot and a root length of 9.23�0.033 cm. Tissue-cultured and mother plants exhibited clonal fidelity, similar metabolite and chlorophyll content, strong antioxidant activity, and equal efficacy for inhibiting ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase. This method can propagate elite clones of U. picta and offer its improvement via genetic transformation. � 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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    Genetic Improvement of Eggplant: Perspectives and Challenges
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Mishra P.; Tiwari S.K.; Tiwari K.N.
    Eggplant is one of the most consumed vegetable fruit crops in the family Solanaceae, which includes other economically important crops such as potato, tomato, pepper, chili, and tobacco. It exists in three common cultivated forms, S. melongena (brinjal eggplant), S. aethiopicum (scarlet eggplant), and S. macrocarpon (gboma eggplant), which are native to Europe, Asian, and African countries. Differences between cultivars are primarily characterized by the peel color, shape, size, and weight of the fruit, but chemical composition, fruit onset, and environmental challenges also contribute significantly to the evolution of variability and different morphological forms. Identification of useful landraces and breeding of eggplant varieties with improved yield and resistance to pests and pathogens bids a big challenge to breeders due to high level of complexity between the related species. Besides these, the close relatedness of several wild species with the cultivated type is a debatable subject because of complex species-level distinction at the molecular level, which complicates the differentiation of the taxa. A variety of biotechnological approaches and tools have contributed to the genetic improvement and expansion of eggplant ideotypes. This chapter summarizes various efforts for genetic improvement of eggplant, focusing on introducing genes into cultivated eggplant from wild species using the biotechnological approach. The present breeding status and future objectives, significance of molecular marker-assisted breeding, an overview of the QTL mapping and transcriptomic studies, development of sequencing platforms, and popular genomics tools to improve the efficiency of breeding and assist genetic improvement of eggplant shall also be discussed. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.