Browsing by Author "Tripathi R."
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Item Bacillus subtilis-Mediated Induction of Disease Resistance and Promotion of Plant Growth of Vegetable Crops(Springer, 2024) Kumar S.; Anjali; Arutselvan R.; Masurkar P.; Singh U.B.; Tripathi R.; Bhupenchandra I.; Minkina T.; Keswani C.Vegetable crops are the major nutrient source of food worldwide and are considered as perishable crops compared to cereal, oilseed, and legume crops. They play a crucial role in daily human life because they contain a plethora of immunity-boosting compounds like vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, and crucial macro- and micronutrients important for human life. India contributes 16% global vegetable crop production, making it as second-largest producer globally. Vegetable crop production is significantly limited because, during their whole lives, they are attacked by an armada of noxious pathogens that reduce quality and quantity as well as suppress the current food supply. Synthetic chemicals are frequently used, which has detrimental impacts on macro- and microflora as well as the environment and human wellbeing. A continuous increment in the population of resistant pathogens to chemicals puts pressure on pathologists to investigate novel, sustainable, and best alternative methods to combat dangerous microbes. From the various kinds of plant disease management prospects, the implication of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, i.e. PGPRs, is becoming an effective substitute strategy worldwide because of their environmentally friendly nature. One of the most promising PGPRs representing sustainable agriculture growth is Bacillus subtilis, which has been suggested as a potential tool for combating harmful vegetable diseases with respect to promoting plant health and growth. B. subtilis has the ability to produce a diverse range of compounds to promote plant growth and suppress pathogen ingression, which makes it a potential candidate. Furthermore, B. subtilis enhances plant immunity against pathogen infection by triggering the response via induced systemic resistance (ISR). Additionally, B. subtilis promotes plant growth via different mechanisms of action, such as nitrogen fixation, phytohormonal production, and phosphate solubilisation. In this chapter, a comprehensive study on the application of B. subtilis has been emphasized, with a focus on uses in the promotion of plant growth and controlling vegetable crop health issues. It would undoubtedly assist vegetable growers in reducing their reliance on agrochemicals while also providing profound perceptions and highlights on the environmentally friendly management of vegetable diseases. Farmers will be benefitted from cost-effective management once they have a better understanding of the management strategy. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.Item Does the Method of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Mandibular Angle Fracture Differentially Affect Postoperative Strength of Jaw Muscles as Assessed by Surface Electromyography? An Analytical Study(Springer, 2024) Hirani M.S.; Sharma N.K.; Yadav B.S.; Dhiman N.K.; Singh A.K.; Tripathi R.Objective: To analyze differential postoperative strength of masticatory muscles by surface electromyography (sEMG) in mandibular angle fractures (MAFs) using two open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) approaches. Materials and Methods: Present study evaluated the two�ORIF approaches in unilateral non-comminuted central MAFs operated by intraoral ORIF (group A, n = 17) and extraoral ORIF (group B, n = 8). Root mean square (RMS) values of sEMG (?V.s) of bilateral masseter and temporalis muscles for 10�s each, i.e., rest, maximum clenching, maximum mouth opening (MMO), ipsilateral and contralateral excursion, were compared from preoperative and postoperative visits at 1, 3 and 6�months. Further, MMO, ipsilateral and contralateral excursions were measured using caliper. Results: No significant difference (p > 0.05) in sEMG of all four muscles during all five conditions between the groups was observed from pre-op to post-op 6�months. Post-op group A showed significantly higher MMO and statistically significant difference in sEMG of ipsilateral masseter (p = 0.017) and temporalis muscles (p = 0.019) compared to contralateral muscles at 1�month. When comparing percentage sEMG change from pre-op to 6�months, muscles of both groups revealed positive changes. Conclusion: The intraoral ORIF technique for MAFs shows early improvements in MMO and subsequent changes in sEMG of the masticatory muscles due to minimal muscle stripping, thus favoring its use in clinical practice. � The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2024.Item Electromyographic Assessment of Masticatory Muscles & their Asymmetries in Adult Indian Population(Springer, 2024) Sharma N.K.; Yadav B.S.; Hirani M.S.; Dhiman N.K.; Singh A.K.; Tripathi R.Objective: To study the surface electromyography (sEMG) and it is asymmetry under resting and dynamic conditions in masticatory muscles. Materials and Methods: sEMG of the masticatory muscles (bilateral masseter & temporalis) was done in 61 healthy subjects (mean age 28.5 � 8.8�years) with bilateral functional molar occlusal relationship. Root mean square (RMS) values sEMG for each activity (rest, clenching, maximum mouth opening (MMO), left and right excursion) for a 10�s period were recorded and analyzed. Indices for asymmetry of muscles, relative activity and resultant torque were assessed and analyzed. Results: RMS values of sEMG during clenching were significantly higher for all masticatory muscles in males compared to females (p < 0.05). During excursive mandibular movement a statistically significant difference seen in ipsilateral temporalis muscle in males. sEMG of masticatory muscles during rest as well as functional activities of mandible was asymmetrical. A predominant masseteric activity was observed for all functional activities of mandible except during rest for which temporalis muscle activity was higher. Right sided torque was observed during rest, MMO and right lateral movements while a predominant left sided torque was present during left lateral movement and clenching. Conclusion: sEMG values of masticatory muscles obtained in our study can be used as reference for healthy Indian population. A perfect muscular symmetry might be illusive and a controlled asymmetry criterion appears to be more useful which corresponds to reality. � 2022, The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India.Item Fabrication of g-C3N4/WO3 Nanocomposite for Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B and Electrochemical Sensing of 2-Nitrophenol(Springer, 2024) Kumari R.; Kumar A.; Tripathi R.; Guin D.; Tripathi C.S.P.In this study, a novel photocatalyst comprising graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and tungsten oxide (WO3) in different weight ratios was fabricated through a facile synthesis method. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV�vis spectroscopy to elucidate their structural and optical properties. The photocatalytic performance of the g-C3N4/WO3 nanocomposite was evaluated for Rhodamine (RhB) degradation under visible light irradiation. Remarkably, the 3 wt�% g-C3N4/WO3 nanocomposite exhibited a superior degradation efficiency of 96% (rate constant ~ 0.02714�min?1) compared to pure g-C3N4 and WO3. The major role was played by both holes (h+) and superoxide anion radicals (�O2?) in the degradation process. This performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between the two components, which facilitated efficient charge separation leading to decreased recombination of photo-generated electron�hole pairs, and improved light absorption. Additionally, the optimized nanocomposite was employed for electrochemical detection of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), showcasing remarkable sensitivity (limit of detection ~ 0.22��M) and selectivity towards 2-NP. This positions it as a promising candidate for environmental monitoring applications. In summary, this study underscores the potential of the g-C3N4/WO3 nanocomposite in wastewater treatment as a visible light photocatalyst, alongside its utility in electrochemical sensing of organic pollutants. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.Item Locally Advanced oral Squamous cell Carcinomas: Auditing and Outcome Appraisal(Springer, 2024) Bera R.N.; Tripathi R.; Tandon S.; Adil M.; Sohail S.; Shashank; Chakraborty A.Introduction: Patients with OSCC in India (oral squamous cell carcinoma) presents at a later stage with approximately 28% presenting at stage III and 64% at stage IV disease. In this retrospective study we have reviewed the treatment modalities rendered and outcomes associated for the management of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma in our Institute. We evaluated the survival data and the factors effecting survival. Methods: Kaplan Meir method was used to evaluate OS and DFS rate and log rank test was used to compare the survival amongst groups. Cox regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) was used to evaluate the hazard ratio to find out the possible factors influencing risk of death and disease. Results: The median OS and DFS in our study were 32 and 24 months respectively. On a subset analysis of only T4b patients who underwent either upfront surgery or induction chemotherapy followed by surgery there was no significant difference in OS and DFS. All patients with TURD had partial response after induction chemotherapy and were subjected to surgical resection followed by adjuvant therapy. Conclusion: Extracapsular spread, bone involvement, skin infiltration, treatments, surgical margins and Lymph node size are the prime predictors of survival.Upfront surgery remains the standard of care for resectable LAOSCC. Induction chemotherapy might improve the resectability in technically unresectable OSCC. There is no difference in survival between concurrent chemoradiation, sequential chemoradiation and radical radiotherapy in the management of unresectable disease. � Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2023.Item Navigating the Nanoscale Frontier: An In-Depth Introduction to the World of Nanomedicine(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Bhaskar P.; Tripathi R.; Singh S.; Chattopadhaya A.; Verma A.; Gautam V.Nanomedicine is the new frontier in the modern system of medicine that utilizes nanomaterials for therapeutic procedures or diagnostics. This chapter, titled �Navigating the Nanoscale Frontier: An In-Depth Introduction to the World of Nanomedicine,� is a starting point for understanding the most basic principles, goals, and possible development of the rapidly developing field. Starting from the explanation of how working with materials at the nanoscale is possible and producing unprecedented effects on the properties of the materials themselves, we learn the fundamentals of nanoscience. The chapter focuses on the various classes of nanoparticle size, shape and properties that are of significance in the aspect of medical application. We then examined the use of nanoparticles in medicine especially in drug delivery where their advantage over conventional drugs is that they provide the body with exactly what it needs at the correct time and in the right quantities. Diagnostic utilities are also discussed as an example in explaining how nanotechnology enhances imaging modalities and facilitates disease detection with cutting-edge biosensing and contrasting systems. In addition, the chapter looks at therapeutic nano systems with particulate carriers, gene therapy and immunotherapy, and regenerative medicine with an emphasis on nanoparticles. These advanced treatments explain the richness of nanomedicine in useful ways for solving complicated medical issues. Nanomedicine can deliver drugs, and use in medical diagnosis in multifaceted manners in case of diseases like cancers, cardiovascular disorders and infectious illnesses with the help of advanced research & clinical case studies. Exploring the opportunities of applying nanotechnology in the healthcare context, this chapter reveals that it can bring meaningful change in patients� prognosis and stimulate the further development of medical science. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Item Semecarpus anacardium L.f. leaf extract exhibits activities against breast cancer and prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Singh R.K.; Mallik B.; Ranjan A.; Tripathi R.; Verma S.S.; Sharma V.; Gupta S.C.; Singh A.K.Semecarpus anacardium L.f. has been commonly used in various traditional medicines from ancient times. The nuts have been described in Ayurveda medication systems to treat numerous clinical ailments. However, isolating phytochemical constituents from nuts remain challenging and exhibits cytotoxic effects on other cells. In this study, we have standardized procedures for isolating phytochemicals from the leaf extract. The ethyl acetate leaf extract selectively affects cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC50: 0.57 �g/ml in MCF-7 cells) in various cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the non-malignant cells were relatively insensitive to the extract. Next, the incubation of the leaf extract induces cell cycle arrest and suppresses cancer cell migration in the cell culture model. Moreover, oral administration of extract significantly restored tumor growth in mice. Together, these observations suggest the anti-cancer activities of S. anacardium L.f. leaf potential for both in vitro and in vivo models. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
