Browsing by Author "Upadhyay R.S."
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Item Biochemical changes, antioxidative profile, and efficacy of the bio-stimulant in plant defense response against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.)(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kumar S.; Shukla V.; Tripathi Y.N.; Aamir M.; Divyanshu K.; Yadav M.; Upadhyay R.S.Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a highly destructive pathogen with widespread impact on common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of microbial consortia in bolstering host defense against sclerotinia rot. Specifically, we evaluated the performance of a microbial consortia comprising of Trichoderma erinaceum (T51) and Trichoderma viride (T52) (referred to as the T4 treatment) in terms of biochemical parameters, alleviation of the ROS induced cellular toxicity, membrane integrity (measured as MDA content), nutrient profiling, and the host defense-related antioxidative enzyme activities. Our findings demonstrate a notable enhancement in thiamine content, exhibiting 1.887 and 1.513-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment (only S. sclerotiorum treated). Similarly, the total proline content exhibited 3.46 and 1.24-fold higher and the total phenol content was 4.083 and 2.625-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment, respectively. Likewise, a general trend was found for other antioxidative and non-oxidative enzyme activities. However, results found were approximately similar in T2 treatment (bioprimed with T51) or T3 treatments (bioprimed with T52). Further, host defense attribute (survival rate) under the pathogen challenged condition was maximum in the T4 (15.55 % disease incidence) compared to others. Therefore, bio priming with consortia could be useful in reducing the economic losses incited by S. sclerotiorum in common beans. � 2023Item Endophytic fungi: diversity and their relevance in sustainable agriculture(Elsevier, 2024) Kumar S.; Tripathi Y.N.; Shukla V.; Singh R.P.; Kumar A.; Upadhyay R.S.The extensive use of chemicals to increase agriculture productivity has disturbed the delicate ecological balance, resulting in pathogen resistance and health risks for other living beings, including humans. A growing interest has been shown in finding eco-friendly and safe ways to increase sustainable agriculture productivity. Fungal endophytes are a significant component of plant micro-ecosystems and have been found in many plant species. They solubilize insoluble phosphates and produce plant growth-promoting hormones, including auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins. Fungal endophytes are common in many plant species and are an important component of plant micro-ecosystems. Fungal endophytes are an important component of plant micro-ecosystems and have been found in a wide range of plant species. They dissolve insoluble phosphates and produce plant growth hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins. Because of the beneficial activities of fungal endophytes, research on the plant�fungus relationship has increased dramatically in recent years. Recently, genetically modified endophytes were used by researchers to improve plant productivity and defensive properties. � 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Fungal diseases of rice and their management(Apple Academic Press, 2024) Srivastava D.; Shamim M.; Ahmad M.M.; Upadhyay R.S.Rice is a widely consumed crop around the world that has tremendous importance and is cultivated almost everywhere except Antarctica. However, various biotic and abiotic stresses have a negative effect on rice cultivation, seriously reducing its yield. This volume examines the bacterial and fungal pathogens that can cause rice diseases and explores how to manage these diseases. The volume covers the economic and environmental impact of rice fungal diseases on global food security and proceeds to delve into diagnostic methods for rice fungal pathogens, discussing both traditional and molecular techniques for detection. The volume discusses the potential of biocontrol agents for the sustainable management of rice fungal diseases and also provides new insights from the bioinformatic tools for rice fungal disease resistance. This book presents a number of key fundamental aspects such as pathogen ecology, epidemiology, and host-pathogen interactions of rice and offers a plethora of control measures to mitigate harm from fungal diseases. It presents an analysis of the current status of resistance genes as well as current strategic and applied methods, such as biotechnology, bioinformatics tools, and biological methods for the effective management of rice fungal diseases. Computational deciphering of blast resistant genes is also discussed. It elaborates on the ecology and research status of diseases and pathogens of rice, including rice sheath blight pathogen, sheath rot disease, rice blast pathogens, rice brown spot disease, rice kernel smut pathogen, rice bakanae/foot rot disease, and others. Fungal Diseases of Rice and Their Management is a valuable resource and guide for research students, rice breeders, rice biotechnologists, and others involved in rice research, production, and cultivation. � 2024 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Hydrolytic genes of antagonistic rhizobacteria strains on Fusarium udum causing wilt disease in pigeonpea(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Samal S.; Singh D.; Upadhyay R.S.; Lokesh Babu P.; Geat N.Pigeaonpea is attacked by various diseases, including the wilt disease of pigeonpea caused by Fusarium udum. This disease is a severe pathogen to this crop. This study aims to identify the potential biocontrol agent against wilt disease as a fungicide alternative. Forty-seven isolates were evaluated for antagonistic activity against F. udum by dual culture method. Interaction of F. udum and antagonistic bacteria was studied in potato dextrose agar (PDA) under in vitro conditions and lysis of fungal hyphae was observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope. Dry weight of F. udum mycelium was recorded after 3 days of co-inoculation with the rhizobacteria in PDB. Potential antagonistic bacterial isolates were further used for enzymatic assay in vitro conditions. Molecular characterization of bacteria was done by using primers based on hydrolytic genes like chitinase and 1,3-glucanase related genes, amplified at 402 and 750�bp, respectively. Out of forty-seven bacterial isolates used to assess their antagonistic activity, only eight isolates, viz., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CFLB 31, Bacillus velezensis CFLB 24, Bacillus subtilis CFLB 11, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila CFLB 26, S. matalophila CFLB 47, Microbacteria sp. CFLB 28, G.nicotiana CFLB 18 and Pseudoarthrobacter sp. CFLB 36 showed the promising antagonistic activity against F. udum with 70�84% inhibition in a dual culture plate assay. Among them, three Bacillus species (B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, B. subtilis) and S. maltophilia CFLB 47 were found to be the most effective biocontrol agent against F. udum under in vitro conditions. Lysis of fungal hyphae was also noted during interaction of fungus and bacteria on PDA. These isolates were screened for production of hydrolytic enzymes activities and they showed positive for production of pectinase, protease and cellulase under in vitro conditions. These isolates amplified chitinase and ?-1, 3-glucanase-related genes at 402 and 750�bp, respectively. In addition, bacterial strains reduced the mycelium weight of F. udum with the range of 58.42 ? 86.84% during co-inoculation in PDB. However, B. amyloliquefaciens had the highest percentage of biomass reduction, up to 86.84%. Bacterial treatments are considered beneficial and nature-friendly. The results propose that the eight potential strains and their hydrolytic enzymatic properties made them promise to manage wilt disease of pigeonpea. � The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Societ� Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2024.Item Identification of hub genes and potential networks by centrality network analysis of PCR amplified Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici EF1? gene(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024) Tripathi Y.N.; Singh V.K.; Kumar S.; Shukla V.; Yadav M.; Upadhyay R.S.Background: Fusarium wilt is a devastating soil-borne fungal disease of tomato across the world. Conventional method of disease prevention including usage of common pesticides and methods like soil solarisation are usually ineffective in the treatment of this disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify virulence related genes in the pathogen which can be targeted for fungicide development. Results: Pathogenicity testing and phylogenetic classification of the pathogen used in this study confirmed it as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) strain. A recent discovery indicates that EF1?, a protein with conserved structural similarity across several fungal genera, has a role in the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae, the rice blast fungus. Therefore, in this study we have done structural and functional classification of EF1? to understand its role in pathogenicity of Fol. The protein model of Fol EF1? was created using the template crystal structure of the yeast elongation factor complex EEF1A:EEF1BA which showed maximum similarity with the target protein. Using the STRING online database, the interactive information among the hub genes of EF1? was identified and the protein�protein interaction network was recognized using the Cytoscape software. On combining the results of functional analysis, MCODE, CytoNCA and CytoHubba 4 hub genes including Fol EF1? were selected for further investigation. The three interactors of Fol EF1? showed maximum similarity with homologous proteins found in Neurospora crassa complexed with the known fungicide, cycloheximide. Through the sequence similarity and PDB database analysis, homologs of Fol EF1? were found: EEF1A:EEF1BA in complex with GDPNP in yeast and EF1? in complex with GDP in Sulfolobus solfataricus. The STITCH database analysis suggested that EF1? and its other interacting partners interact with guanosine diphosphate (GDPNP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Conclusions: Our study offers a framework for recognition of several hub genes network in Fusarium wilt that can be used as novel targets for fungicide development. The involvement of EF1? in nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway suggests that it plays role in GTP binding and thus apart from its use as a biomarker, it may be further exploited as an effective target for fungicide development. Since, the three other proteins that were found to be tightly associated Fol EF1? have shown maximum similarity with homologous proteins of Neurospora crassa that form complex with fungicide- Cycloheximide. Therefore, we suggest that cycloheximide can also be used against Fusarium wilt disease in tomato. The active site cavity of Fol EF1? can also be determined for computational screening of fungicides using the homologous proteins observed in yeast and Sulfolobus solfataricus. On this basis, we also suggest that the other closely associated genes that have been identified through STITCH analysis, they can also be targeted for fungicide development. � The Author(s) 2024.Item Two Ceratosporella (Fungi: Ascomycota) species from oak leaf liter in Almora, Utarakhand, India(Zoo Outreach Organisation, 2024) Dubey M.K.; Upadhyay R.S.; Gupta R.C.Two species of Ceratosporella collected on leaf liter of Mohru Oak Quercus foribunda in Utarakhand, India, are described herein and compared with closely allied species. They are Ceratosporella deviata and Ceratosporella cheiroidea. Among them, C. cheiroidea is newly recorded from India. Morphological descriptons, illustratons, and comments are provided for the aforementoned species. � Dubey et al. 2024. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton
