Browsing by Author "Yadav, Surender Singh"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Accumulation, Uptake Pathways, and Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals into Plants and Soil
    (CRC Press, 2023) Singh, Neetu; Yadav, Surender Singh
    Anthropogenic activities mediated by technological advances are overproducing pharmaceuticals. Due to their inappropriate use and disposal, they have become the major environmental contaminants of emerging concern. Accumulation of these compounds poses deleterious effects on living beings and the associated ecosystems. Plants and soils are the major objects which are directly exposed to these contaminants. The dietary consumption of these contaminants also causes hindrance to human well-being. The plants and soil acquire these contaminants via wastewater irrigation. The contaminated plants stimulate their defense systems and induce phytotoxic symptoms like reduced chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, growth, and development. Therefore, the present study focuses on the pharmaceutical accumulation in soil and plants, their sources, uptake pathways, and phytotoxicity so that future work can be planned on the estimation and removal of such toxicants from the soil, plants, and ultimately from the human diet. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Vinod Kumar Garg, Ashok Pandey, Navish Kataria, and Caterina Faggio; individual chapters, the contributors.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Advance methodological approaches for carbon stock estimation in forest ecosystems
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Nandal, Abhishek; Yadav, Surender Singh; Rao, Amrender Singh; Meena, Ram Swaroop; Lal, Rattan
    The forests are a key player in maintaining ecological balance on the earth. They not only conserve biodiversity, reduce soil erosion, and protect watersheds but also promote the above and below-ground ecosystem services. Forests are known as air cleaners on the planet and play a significant role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. As per programs launched in the Conference of Parties (COP) 26, there is a need to promote policies and programs to reduce the atmospheric carbon (C) through the forest ecosystem; it is because forests can capture the atmospheric CO2 for a long time and help to achieve the goals of net-zero emission CO2 on the earth. Therefore, there is an urgent need to know the advanced technological approaches for estimating C stock in forest ecosystems. Hence, the present article is aimed at providing a comprehensive protocol for the four C stock estimation approaches. An effort has also been made to compare these methods. This review suggests that tree allometry is the most common method used for the quantification of C stock, but this method has certain limitations. However, the review shows that accurate results can be produced by a combination of two or more methods. We have also analyzed the results of 42 research studies conducted for C stock assessment along with the factors determining the amount of C in different types of forests. The C stock in vegetation is affected by temporal and spatial variation, plantation age, land use, cropping pattern, management practices and elevation, etc. Nevertheless, the available results have a large degree of uncertainty mainly due to the limitations of the methods used. The review supports the conclusion that the uncertainty in C stock measurements can be addressed by the integration of the above-mentioned methods. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Carbon sequestration potential and CO2 fluxes in a tropical forest ecosystem
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022) Yadav, Vikram Singh; Yadav, Surender Singh; Gupta, Sharda Rani; Meena, Ram Swaroop; Lal, Rattan; Sheoran, Narender Singh; Jhariya, Manoj Kumar
    Carbon (C) is a key product of forests, but not widely studied for available C stock, and biomass of tree species in typical forest ecosystems of India. Therefore, it is useful to estimate C stock at national and regional levels for establishing forest-based policies and developing roadmap for long-term plans and strategies to reduce the rate of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Hence, present investigation was conducted to assess C storage and CO2 fluxes in tropical dry deciduous forest ecosystems of Jhumpa and Kairu in the southern Haryana, India. The C stock of trees in above ground biomass (AGB) was calculated by assuming the C content at 50% of the total biomass. Concentration of C in composite samples of shoots and roots of shrubs and herbs was estimated by the ash method. Soil C storage was determined on the basis of C concentration and soil bulk density up to 60 cm depth. The AGB of trees ranged from 33.1 to 75.8 Mg ha?1; the belowground biomass from 9.0 to 18.5 Mg ha?1 and total plant C storage from 24.3 to 53.9 Mg C ha?1. The total biomass of shrubs was 16.2 Mg ha?1 for the Salvadora oleoides forest at Jhumpa compared with 8.4 Mg ha?1 for the Acacia senegal-Acacia tortilis forest at Kairu. Net primary productivity of various components of trees in these forest ecosystems ranged from 8.1 to 9.6 Mg ha?1 y?1 and net flux of C from 4.6 to 5.8 Mg C ha?1 y?1. The annual litter fall in two forest ecosystems ranged from 3356 to 4498 Kg ha?1. S. oleoides contributed 50.0% and 47.3% towards the above ground and below ground C pools corresponding to the 17.9 Mg C ha?1and 4.1 Mg C ha?1, respectively. S. oleoides played a dominant role in biomass production and C assimilation in S. oleoides-A. tortilis forest at Jhumpa, while Prosopis juliflora and A. senegal were the highest contributors in A. senegal-A. tortilis forest at Kairu because of a high girth class and high density of trees, respectively. The cumulative soil organic carbon (SOC) stock up to 60 cm depth was more in A. senegal-A. tortilis forest at Kairu (16.3 Mg C ha?1) than that in the SO-AT forest at Jhumpa (12.9 Mg C ha?1). The results of this study revealed that S. oleoides and P. juliflora are key species as they sequester more C under a range of disturbances. Carbon sequestration potential of the studied forest ecosystems was 3.55 to 4.35 Mg C ha?1 y?1 which indicates a high C sequestration potential of these ecosystems. � 2022 Elsevier B.V.