Browsing by Author "Yadav D.K."

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    Advancing Precision in Penile Length Measurement: Evidence-based Synthesis of Stretched Penile Length INdicator Technique (SPLINT)
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Goel P.; Choudhury P.; Saroya K.K.; Jain V.; Dhua A.K.; Yadav D.K.; Anand S.; Agarwala S.; Sharma K.; Agrawal V.; Saha S.; Singh H.; Sharma N.; Singh V.P.
    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to synthesize evidence and propose a technique for estimation of stretched penile length (SPL) applicable to children. Materials and Methods: This review has been conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were queried on penile length (PL) measurement techniques in humans published from 1990 onward. The devices and the techniques used for PL measurement, state of the penis, the habitus of the participants, proximal and distal landmarks for measurement, handling the foreskin and pubic pad of fat, optimal stretching of the penis, and other factors (including the environment) which should be accounted for in the technique were identified from the study cohort (90895 participants across 145 included studies). Results: PL has been represented through flaccid (33.79%), stretched (81.3%), and erect (12.41%) PLs as well as the greatest corporeal length (1.4%). Following devices have been used to measure the PL in the study cohort: rulers [54.68%], calipers [9.7%], measuring tapes [14.5%], coloured measuring strips [2.06%], spatulas/tongue depressors [11.03%], FitKit, syringe [1.4%], cotton swab (and ruler), titan cylinders, slide gauge and ultrasonography [1.37%]. The factors relevant to SPL measurement have been incorporated into the proposed SPL INdicator Technique (SPLINT) which is essentially a holistic extension of the "Conventional PL Measurement"technique. Conclusions: There is a wide range of heterogeneity in the technique for estimation of PL across the study cohort; the underlying factors have been identified along with the respective variables, and the SPLINT for SPL has been described. � 2024 Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons.
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    Comprehensive property combination for biomedical application achieved in a Ti35Zr35Nb15Mo5Fe5Cr5 complex concentrated alloy
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Yadav D.K.; Patel A.K.; Hansda S.R.; Acharya A.; Marandi L.; Yadav S.D.; Sinha S.
    A novel Ti35Zr35Nb15Mo5Fe5Cr5 complex concentrated alloy (CCA) with potential for biomedical application was developed by vacuum arc melting and its microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, corrosion and wear behavior, and cytocompatibility were systematically evaluated. The alloy has an experimentally measured density of 6.37 g/cm�, suitable to fulfill the requirement of light weight. XRD analysis revealed that the as-cast and annealed specimens contain two BCC solid solution phases and a TiCr2 type Laves phase. The average microhardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) of the as-cast CCA are 618.39 � 9.26 HV and 97.32 � 3.58 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the yield strength (YS) of the as-cast alloy, estimated from elastoplastic analysis of the microindentation data, is 1203.94 � 30.28 MPa. However, the CCA annealed at 1100?C exhibits a microhardness of 833.08 � 7.58 HV and a YS of 1669.65 � 24.79 MPa, with the elastoplastic stress-strain response revealing no significant loss of plasticity due to the increased hard Laves phase. Corrosion and wear tests conducted in simulated body fluid confirmed the alloy's excellent corrosion and wear resistance. Cell culture experiments with MG-63 and HEK-293 cells demonstrated superior cell viability and proliferation compared to CP-Ti and 316 L SS. Moreover, confocal fluorescence images of MG-63 cells stained with AO/EtBr, Rh-123, and DCFH-DA revealed that the present CCA exhibits good biocompatibility. Thus, a comprehensive combination of low density, compatible elastic modulus, good strength with adequate plasticity, and sufficient corrosion resistance and biocompatibility were successfully achieved, unraveling significant potential of the alloy for biomedical applications. � 2024 Elsevier Ltd
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    Measuring up: Ensuring Intra? and Interobserver Reliability in Stretched Penile Length with the SPLINT Technique
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Goel P.; Choudhury P.; Verma V.; Phugat S.; Kalaivani M.; Singh T.R.; Sharma K.; Jain V.; Yadav D.K.; Dhua A.K.; Agarwala S.
    Background: A discrepancy between the true and measured value of stretched penile length (SPL) may be a result of errors that can either be systematic or random. Hence, it becomes important to focus on the quality of measurements to prevent any iatrogenic harm to the patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of intra? and interobserver variations in the measurement of SPL with the SPLINT technique. Materials and Methods: SPL was measured prospectively in a cohort of 449 boys aged 0�14 years including 68 infants (substratified into Group I: >4 years, Group II: 4�8 years, and Group III: >8 years) with the SPLINT technique by expert (E: E1 and E2) and trainee (T: T1 and T2) surgeons after completing a three?tiered training module. Intra? and interobserver variability was assessed through descriptive statistics, intraclass correlation (ICC), relative technical error of measurement (rTEM), and reliability or R (%). Results: Intraobserver variability: the mean difference between the two readings (E1 and E2) is 0.08 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.073�0.087), ICC was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.997�0.998), and intraobserver variability ?0.1 cm in 85% of the participants (n = 370 of 433). The rTEM and reliability (%) were 1.82% and 98.1% (Group I), 1.65% and 98.9% (Group II), and 1.09% and 99.7% (Group III), respectively. The intraobserver variability was observed to be inversely proportional to the age of the participants (correlation coefficient = ?0.56). Interobserver variability was calculated separately for expert versus trainee and trainee versus trainee (T?vs?T) measurements. For expert versus expert, ICC, rTEM, and reliability (%) were 0.984, 2.4%, and 96.8% (Group 1), 0.992, 2.07%, and 98.3% (Group 2), and 0.997, 1.38%, and 99.05% (Group 3), respectively. A similar pattern of variability was observed for T?vs?T measurements. The reliability (%) of the SPL by experts is consistently more than that of trainees across all age groups; however, the difference ameliorates with the age of participant. Conclusions: The study has validated the SPLINT technique by demonstrating a high level of intra? and interobserver reliability. The adequacy of the training modules for SPL measurements described in this study has also been established. Evidence that the SPL can be used as an objective marker of penile dimensions is herewith furnished. � 2024 Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons.
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    The complex dynamical study of a UAI epidemic model in non-spatial and spatial environments
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Gupta R.P.; Kumar A.; Yadav D.K.
    In the realm of disease transmission dynamics, assigning blame to every susceptible individual for propagating an illness proves untenable. This limitation plagues prevailing compartmental models, including SI, SIS, SIR, SEIR, and others, impeding accurate disease-spread prognostication. This study innovatively partitions the susceptible population into two distinct classes: the unaware and the aware. This conceptual leap facilitates the evolution of the SIR model into a more realistic UAIR epidemic model, characterized by a bilinear incidence rate in the unaware class and a saturated incidence rate in the aware class. The study rigorously establishes key insights, encompassing the stability of the endemic equilibrium state, transcritical and Hopf bifurcations, and stability of bifurcated periodic solutions in the reduced UAI epidemic model. Notably, the analysis uncovers potential disease-induced chaos, the turbulence that heightened community awareness can potentially harness. Delving deeper, the research explores a self-diffusive spatio-temporal UAI epidemic model with zero-flux boundary conditions, unveiling instability insights that preclude the emergence of Turing patterns and associated Turing bifurcation. Rigorous numerical simulations validate the analytical framework, unveiling captivating non-Turing patterns within a 2-dimensional domain. This study proffers a predictive exploration, poised to unearth diverse medically significant observations, further enriching our understanding of disease dynamics. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Societ� Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.