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Comprehensive environmental impact assessment for designing carbon-cum-energy efficient, cleaner and eco-friendly production system for rice-fallow agro-ecosystems of South Asia

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dc.contributor.authorKumar, Rakesh
dc.contributor.authorMishra, Janki Sharan
dc.contributor.authorMali, Santosh Sambhaji
dc.contributor.authorMondal, Surajit
dc.contributor.authorMeena, Ram Swaroop
dc.contributor.authorLal, Rattan
dc.contributor.authorJha, Bal Krishna
dc.contributor.authorNaik, Sushanta Kumar
dc.contributor.authorBiswas, Ashis Kumar
dc.contributor.authorHans, Hansraj
dc.contributor.authorSundaram, Prem Kumar
dc.contributor.authorChoudhary, Arbind Kumar
dc.contributor.authorMonobrullah, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Sanjeev
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Santosh
dc.contributor.authorRaman, Rohan Kumar
dc.contributor.authorBhatt, Bhagwati Prasad
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Ujjwal
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T10:11:00Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T10:11:00Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractHigh energy consumption and carbon emission are the major components of environmental pollution. Reducing carbon-footprints and improving energy use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.) - fallow production systems of South Asia is a great challenge. The present experiment was conducted for five consecutive years (2016�2020) with an aim to design the most carbon-cum-energy efficient, cleaner/safer and eco-friendly production systems for rice-fallows in eastern India. This split-plot experiment had crop establishment-cum-residue management (CERM) treatments in main-plots and post-rainy/winter season crops in sub-plots. The production systems selected for analysis included three crop establishment methods [(1) zero-till-direct-seeded rice (ZTDSR), (2) conventional-till direct-seeded rice (CTDSR), and (3) transplanted puddled rice (TPR)], and two residue management practices [(i) with residue, and (ii) without residue] in combination with five potential winter season crops i.e., chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), and mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Results revealed an increase in overall system productivity from 3.5 to 5.13 Mg ha?1 due to the diversification of rice-fallow systems with oilseed and pulse crops. Irrespective of residue management practices, ZTDSR increased the yield by 15 and 31% in chickpea, 15 and 34% in lentil, 33 and 50% in safflower, 9 and 19% in linseed, and 7 and 15% in mustard as compared to CTDSR and PTR, respectively. Moreover, adoption of ZTDSR reduced energy uses by 23.3%, while increased energy ratio and net returns by 14.3 and 10.9%, respectively, over TPR. Pulse based crop rotations (rice-lentil and rice-chickpea) under ZTDSR with surface crop residue yielded 21.5% higher system net returns as compared to rice-oilseed production systems. ZTDSR treatment also reduced carbon-footprint (C-footprint) by 2.8% compared to TPR-based production systems. Similarly, rice-oilseed systems had a 16.1% lower C-footprint in comparison to rice-pulse sequences. Hence, rice-chickpea, rice-lentil and rice-safflower production systems in combined with ZTDSR along with residue retention can be viable production systems with higher system productivity, better economic returns, higher energy ratio and lower C-footprint. These systems will ensure an efficient utilization of natural resources leading to long-term sustainability of the rice-fallow production systems of South Asia. � 2021
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129973
dc.identifier.issn9596526
dc.identifier.urihttps://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/14363
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd
dc.subjectCarbon-footprint
dc.subjectEco-efficiency index
dc.subjectEnergy ratio
dc.subjectGreenhouse gases
dc.subjectResidue management
dc.subjectSystem productivity
dc.subjectSystem profitability
dc.subjectZero-tillage production
dc.titleComprehensive environmental impact assessment for designing carbon-cum-energy efficient, cleaner and eco-friendly production system for rice-fallow agro-ecosystems of South Asia
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
journal.titleJournal of Cleaner Production
journalvolume.identifier.volume331

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2022