Publication: ROS-Responsive Delivery Nanoplatforms in Cancer Theranostics
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Site-specific Cancer Nanotheranostics: A Microenvironment-responsive Approach
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
CRC Press
Abstract
The partial reduction of molecular oxygen produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Free radicals such as O2�- and H2O2 are the well-known studied ROS in various cancers. ROS plays a crucial role in abnormal cell proliferation and growth. ROS increases genetic instability, metastasis, and angiogenesis and causes damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Elevated levels of ROS also act as pro-tumourigenic by activating pro-survival signalling pathways and loss of function of tumour suppressor genes. ROS enhances the dysfunction of metabolic activity and the formation of oncogenic stimulations. Nowadays, researchers are showing interest in exploring nanoparticles as drug carriers in the construction of drug delivery systems. Targeted nanomedicine therapy is supposed to be a promising strategy for treating cancers. Tumour cells contain typical characteristics, such as low oxygen level, low pH level, high expression of enzymes, and elevation in ROS levels. These all provide low drug targeting, weak drug delivery efficiency, and poor drug penetration in tissues. As a result, researchers use these characteristics as stimulating factors to construct nanocarriers that can enhance the therapeutic effect of anti-tumorous drugs. The development of ROS-responsive nanovehicles for drug delivery to various cancers has made considerable strides, as explained in this chapter. Also mentioned are the existing drawbacks and potential future applications of ROS-stimulated nanoparticles for treating heterogeneous cancer. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Yashwant V. Pathak, Jayvadan K. Patel, Namdev L. Dhas and Vipul P. Patel; individual chapters, the contributors.