Publication: Chitosan-Based Nanoencapsulation of Ocimum americanum Essential Oil as Safe Green Preservative Against Fungi Infesting Stored Millets, Aflatoxin B1 Contamination, and Lipid Peroxidation
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Food and Bioprocess Technology
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Springer
Abstract
Present study deals with the first-time report on encapsulation of Ocimum americanum essential oil (OAEO) into chitosan matrix with enhanced antifungal, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) inhibition, antioxidant activity, and in situ efficacy in the millet food system. GC�MS analysis suggested citral (66.72%) as the major component of OAEO. Physicochemical characterizations through SEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses confirmed the successful loading of OAEO into chitosan nanoemulsion (OAEO-CsNe). In vitro release profile of nanoencapsulated OAEO exhibited biphasic burst and controlled volatilisation, a prerequisite for long-term antifungal effect in the stored food system. OAEO-CsNe completely inhibited the growth and AFB1 production of Aspergillus flavus at 0.2 and 0.175 ?L/mL, respectively. Inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis followed by the release of vital cellular ions, and 260, 280�nm absorbing materials from AFLHPSi-1 cells suggested plasma membrane as a potential site of antifungal action of OAEO-CsNe. Significant reduction of cellular methylglyoxal (an AFB1 inducer) level in AFLHPSi-1 cells after fumigation with OAEO-CsNe confirmed the novel biochemical mechanism of anti-aflatoxigenic activity. Additionally, in silico modelling of citral (major component of OAEO) with Ver-1 and Omt-A proteins suggested the hydrogen bond-dependent molecular interaction for inhibition of AFB1 biosynthesis. OAEO-CsNe showed significant in situ antifungal, anti-aflatoxigenic, and lipid peroxidation-suppressing potentialities without altering the organoleptic and germination properties of Setaria italica seeds. Moreover, the appreciative safety profile (LD50 = 11,162.06 ?L/kg) of OAEO-CsNe in a mammalian model system (Mus musculus) strengthens its recommendation as an effective green preservative against fungal infestation, AFB1 contamination, and reactive oxygen species-mediated lipid peroxidation in stored food commodities. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Description
Keywords
Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>, In silico modelling, In situ efficacy, Nanoencapsulation, Ocimum americanum essential oil, Setaria italica