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Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies

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dc.contributor.authorKamle, Madhu
dc.contributor.authorMahato, Dipendra Kumar
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Akansha
dc.contributor.authorPandhi, Shikha
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Nitya
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Bharti
dc.contributor.authorMishra, Sadhna
dc.contributor.authorArora, Shalini
dc.contributor.authorSelvakumar, Raman
dc.contributor.authorSaurabh, Vivek
dc.contributor.authorDhakane-Lad, Jyoti
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Manoj
dc.contributor.authorBarua, Sreejani
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Arvind
dc.contributor.authorGamlath, Shirani
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Pradeep
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T10:07:40Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T10:07:40Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractCitrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed. � 2022 by the authors. icensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020085
dc.identifier.issn20726651
dc.identifier.urihttps://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/14142
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.subjectCitrinin
dc.subjectDetection and management strategies
dc.subjectFood and feed contamination
dc.subjectHuman health
dc.titleCitrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
journal.titleToxins
journalvolume.identifier.volume14

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2022