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Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India

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dc.contributor.authorKaur, Upinder
dc.contributor.authorBala, Sapna
dc.contributor.authorJoshi, Aditi
dc.contributor.authorReddy, Noti Taruni Srija
dc.contributor.authorJapur, Chetan
dc.contributor.authorChauhan, Mayank
dc.contributor.authorPedapanga, Nikitha
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Shubham
dc.contributor.authorMukherjee, Anurup
dc.contributor.authorMishra, Vaibhav
dc.contributor.authorTalda, Dolly
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Rohit
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Rohit Kumar
dc.contributor.authorYadav, Ashish Kumar
dc.contributor.authorRana, Poonam Jyoti
dc.contributor.authorSrivastava, Jyoti
dc.contributor.authorBhat K, Shobha
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Anup
dc.contributor.authorNaveen Kumar P., G.
dc.contributor.authorPandey, Manoj
dc.contributor.authorPatwardhan, Kishor
dc.contributor.authorKansal, Sangeeta
dc.contributor.authorChakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T09:57:09Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T09:57:09Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractBackground There is paucity of real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness from cohort designs. Variable vaccine performance has been observed in test-negative case-control designs. There is also scarce real-world data of health issues in individuals receiving vaccines after prior COVID-19, and of adverse events of significant concern (AESCs) in the vaccinated. Methods: A cohort study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021 in a tertiary hospital of North India. The primary outcome was vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the second wave in India. Secondary outcomes were AESCs, and persistent health issues in those receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors of COVID-19 outcomes and persistent health issues. Results: Of the 2760 health care workers included, 2544 had received COVID-19 vaccines, with COVISHIELD (rChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine) received by 2476 (97.3%) and COVAXIN (inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) by 64 (2.5%). A total of 2691 HCWs were included in the vaccine effectiveness analysis, and 973 COVID-19 events were reported during the period of analysis. Maximum effectiveness of two doses of vaccine in preventing COVID-19 occurrence was 17% across three different strategies of analysis adopted for robustness of data. One-dose recipients were at 1.27-times increased risk of COVID-19. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was a strong independent protective factor against COVID-19 (aOR 0.66). Full vaccination reduced moderate�severe COVID-19 by 57%. Those with lung disease were at 2.54-times increased risk of moderate�severe COVID-19, independent of vaccination status. AESCs were observed in 33/2544 (1.3%) vaccinees, including one case each of myocarditis and severe hypersensitivity. Individuals with hypothyroidism were at 5-times higher risk and those receiving a vaccine after recovery from COVID-19 were at 3-times higher risk of persistent health issues. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination reduced COVID-19 severity but offered marginal protection against occurrence. The possible relationship of asthma and hypothyroidism with COVID-19 outcomes necessitates focused research. With independent protection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and high-risk of persistent health issues in individuals receiving vaccine after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection, the recommendation of vaccinating those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection needs reconsideration. � 2022 by the authors.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071153
dc.identifier.issn2076393X
dc.identifier.urihttps://dl.bhu.ac.in/ir/handle/123456789/13526
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.subjectadverse events following immunization
dc.subjectasthma
dc.subjecthypothyroidism
dc.subjectinflammatory arthritis
dc.subjectlong COVID
dc.subjectmyocarditis
dc.subjectpharmacovigilance
dc.subjectRAAS blockers
dc.titlePersistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
journal.titleVaccines
journalvolume.identifier.volume10

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2022