Browsing by Author "Arpan Mukherjee"

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Advances and future prospects of pyrethroids: Toxicity and microbial degradation
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Saurabh Singh; Arpan Mukherjee; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira; Ram Prasad; Minaxi Sharma; Ramesh Chander Kuhad; Amritesh Chandra Shukla; Jay Prakash Verma
Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides structurally similar to that of natural pyrethrins. The application of pyrethrins in agriculture and pest control lead to many kinds of environmental pollution affecting human health and loss of soil microbial population that affect soil fertility and health. Natural pyrethrins have been used since ancient times as insect repellers, and their synthetic versions especially type 2 pyrethroids could be highly toxic to humans. PBO (Piperonyl butoxide) is known to enhance the toxicity of prallethrin in humans due to the resistance in its metabolic degradation. Pyrethroids are also known to cause plasma biochemical profile changes in humans and they also lead to the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species. Further they are also known to increase SGPT activity in humans. Due to the toxicity of pyrethrins in water bodies, soils, and food products, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable approaches to reduce their levels in the respective fields, which are eco-friendly, economically viable, and socially acceptable for on-site remediation. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to analyse the advances and prospects in using pyrethrins and possible technologies to control their harmful effects. The pyrethroid types, composition and biochemistry of necessary pyrethroid insecticides have been discussed in detail, in the research paper, along with their effect on insects and humans. It also covers the impact of pyrethroids on different plants and soil microbial flora. The second part deals with the microbial degradation of the pyrethroids through different modes, i.e., bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Many microbes such as Acremonium, Aspergillus, Microsphaeropsis, Westerdykella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus have been used in the individual form for the degradation of pyrethroids, while some of them such as Bacillus are even used in the form of consortia. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Alpinia officinarum
(Elsevier, 2020) Arpan Mukherjee; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Saurabh Singh; Koustav Chatterjee; Akhilesh Kumar; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Jay Prakash Verma
Alpinia officinarum Hance (galanga) is a perennial ginger family plant. Galanga has been traditionally used for many years to treat several different diseases including cold, pain, inflammation, stomach ache, and microbial infection, and it also works as an antioxidant and anticancer agent. Different parts of A. officinarum have been used either directly or by processing through different methods for treatment. Plant parts like rhizomes, leaves, aerial parts, and roots of galanga were extracted both in polar and nonpolar solvents to induce the disease control property. Flavonoid extract of this plant is more effective in all kinds of disease. This chapter summarizes the application of A. officinarum in curing different diseases from microbial infection to neural disease. Our main focus in this chapter is on the mechanism of galanga on curing Alzheimer disease. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and activation of plant defense responses against phytopathogens
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Anupam Maharshi; Gagan Kumar; Arpan Mukherjee; Richa Raghuwanshi; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are potentially mutualistic biotrophs of plants and improve water supply and nutrient uptake in host plants. In exchange of this, it takes a part of photosynthate from the host plant to fulfill its metabolic requirements. Despite having its own immune system, plant gets attacked by various pathogens and therefore needs support to overcome such challenges and to become stabilized in such hostile environment. AMF colonization helps the plants either directly or indirectly to face the challenges of biotic and abiotic stresses. Several physiological and biochemical changes occur in the host plant and mycorrhizosphere following colonization of roots by AMF, and AMF colonization also affects interactions of the host plants with a diverse range of both above- and belowground organisms. Protective effects of AMF colonization against pests, pathogens, and stem or root parasitic plants were described in many agriculturally important crop species. These mechanisms not only improve plant nutrition consumption and competition but also play a significant role in plant defense activation. Successful establishment of mycorrhizal species on host leads to regulation of the JA and SA signaling pathways, and it itself explains the range of protection conferred by this symbiosis. Defense activation following colonization by mycorrhizal species is associated with moderate activation of host transcription factors such as MAP kinases. Further, several other defense-related compounds are also accumulated such as PR proteins, Β-1,3-glucanases, phytoalexins, and phenolics, and deposition of callose also occurs leading to protection against various pathogens. In the present chapter, we discussed the major defense signaling aspects during plant-pathogen interactions mediated through mycorrhizal colonization in the host plant roots. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
Chickpea seed endophyte Enterobacter sp. mediated yield and nutritional enrichment of chickpea for improving human and livestock health
(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Arpan Mukherjee; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Saurabh Singh; Ankita Sarkar; Saman Abeysinghe; Jay Prakash Verma
Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) are used as a good source of proteins and energy in the diets of various organisms including humans and animals. Chickpea straws can serve as an alternative option for forage for different ruminants. This research mainly focussed on screening the effects of adding beneficial chickpea seed endophytes on increasing the nutritional properties of the different edible parts of chickpea plants. Two efficient chickpea seed endophytes (Enterobacter sp. strain BHUJPCS-2 and BHUJPCS-8) were selected and applied to the chickpea seeds before sowing in the experiment conducted on clay pots. Chickpea seeds treated with both endophytes showed improved plant growth and biomass accumulation. Notably, improvements in the uptake of mineral nutrients were found in the foliage, pericarp, and seed of the chickpea plants. Additionally, nutritional properties such as total phenolics (0.47, 0.25, and 0.55 folds), total protein (0.04, 0.21, and 0.18 folds), carbohydrate content (0.31, 0.32, and 0.31 folds), and total flavonoid content (0.45, 027, and 0.8 folds) were increased in different parts (foliage, pericarp, and seed) of the chickpea plants compared to the control plants. The seed endophyte-treated plants showed a significant increase in mineral accumulation and improvement in nutrition in the different edible parts of chickpea plants. The results showed that the seed endophyte-mediated increase in dietary and nutrient value of the different parts (pericarp, foliage, and seeds) of chickpea are consumed by humans, whereas the other parts (pericarp and foliage) are used as alternative options for forage and chaff in livestock diets and may have direct effects on their nutritional conditions. Copyright © 2024 Mukherjee, Gaurav, Chouhan, Singh, Sarkar, Abeysinghe and Verma.
Cyanobacterial stress and its omics perspective
(Springer Nature, 2023) Surbhi Kharwar; Arpan Mukherjee; Vinod Kumar; Ekta Shukla
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic oxygenic photoautotrophs exposed to various environmental stresses. Environmental stressors such as nutrient deficiency and high as well as low light conditions affect the growth and development of cyanobacteria. In order to overcome the effect of different stressors, they have evolved several adaptive mechanisms. Nutrients, like sulfur and iron, play a role in photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen metabolism, and other processes. Different omics approaches show variations of different genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites of the affected organism. The present chapter discusses the impact of light and nutrient stress in cyanobacteria and the molecular mechanisms with the involvement of different omics approaches. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Developing eco-friendly endophytic bioinoculants for enhancing productivity and soil fertility in wheat
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Arpan Mukherjee; Saurabh Singh; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Babita Kumari; Jay Prakash Verma
The main aim of this study was to explore the potential role of wheat endophytic bacteria on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production and soil health management under pot and field trials. Seven plant growth-promoting putative endophytes were isolated from different wheat plant parts (root, shoot, leaf, and seed). We selected two effective bacterial strains, Pseudomonas sp. BHUJPV-WRO5 (from the “Pseudomonas koreensis” subgroup) originating from the root and Staphylococcus sp. BHUJPV-WLE7 isolated from leaf, based on plant growth-promoting traits like indole-3-acetic acid, ammonia, siderophore production, and phosphate solubilization. We conducted pot and field experiments with treatments T1 (uninoculated), T2 (Pseudomonas sp.), and T3 (Staphylococcus sp.). In pots, grain yield was higher with Pseudomonas sp. or S. xylosus than in the control. Similarly, grain yield in the field was increased with Pseudomonas sp. BHUJPV-WRO5 or Staphylococcus sp. BHUJPV-WLE7 compared with control. Pseudomonas sp. BHUJPV-WRO5 also resulted in higher soil electrical conductivity (both pot and field), total organic carbon (in field), soil contents in available N, P, and K (in pot and field), and potential activity in soil of alkaline phosphatase (pot and field), dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase (in pot). The effects of Staphylococcus sp. BHUJPV-WLE7 were smaller, with however, higher soil levels for electrical conductivity (in pot), total organic carbon (in field), available P (in pot and field), and higher potential activity of alkaline phosphatase (in pot) than control. Overall, the putative wheat endophytes effectively enhanced plant growth, crop productivity, and soil quality, and Pseudomonas stain is promising as a bio-inoculant for sustainable wheat production. © 2023 The Authors. Agronomy Journal © 2023 American Society of Agronomy.
Development of indigenous microbial consortium for biocontrol management
(Elsevier, 2020) Arpan Mukherjee; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Jay Prakash Verma
Excessive use of chemicals as fertilizer in agriculture to induce crop production in recent year is a potent agent of environment pollution and a serious threat to health. A lot of alternative sources (biofertilizers, biopesticides, INM, IPM, PGPR/PGPM, vermicompost, green manuring, and crop rotation) are now available to minimize the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Different soil microbes have potential ability to improve the productivity and nutritional quality as well as soil fertility and health. To date, many reports are available on single or dual consortium of microbes used as biofertilizers and biopesticides for enhancing crop production. Most recently, phytomicrobiome studies are offering further insights into alternative use of biological intervention for enhancing agricultural production. Under this approaches the whole microbiome community is considered for multiple application for survival of plant under both normal and stress condition. That may be culturable and nonculturable microbes. Culturable microbes are able to enhance the plant growth via either direct or indirect mechanism including biological nitrogen fixation, solubilization of inorganic nutrient, production of phytohormones, siderophore, HCN, chitinase, and antibiotics and help to induce systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against a wide group of plant pathogen to protect the plant. If microbial isolate exhibiting different properties are mixed together, it is possible that they enhance each other’s property. The use of such consortia in field inoculation has great potential to facilitate crop protection and enhance yield. Because single microbes can’t play different roles that help the crops for their growth and protection too, so we need a potential consortium for better yield and growth. Therefore the main aim of this chapter is to review and highlight the impact of microbial consortium for biocontrol management of plants. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Emerging approaches to manipulate the plant microbiome and implications
(Elsevier, 2020) Jai Singh Patel; Arpan Mukherjee
The interaction between plant and beneficial microbes is the center point of current research. Several surrounding factors can affect this interaction such as the genus of the plant, species of the plant, and even different varieties belonging to the same genus and species. The interaction can be affected by the presence of several abiotic (salinity, drought, temperature, and pH) and biotic (fungus, bacteria, and viruses) factors. Interaction with beneficial microbes often shows a synergistic effect on the plant. Recruitment of beneficial microbes in inside of the plant may play an important role and provide protection against biotic and abiotic stress. Study of compounds released by plants plays a vital role in the movement of microorganisms toward plant surroundings. Root exudation pattern of the plant could be modulated in a way to change the rhizospheric environment for the attraction of only beneficial microbe or microbes of interest. The present chapter focuses on the mechanisms involved in the plant-beneficial microbe interaction and discusses the approaches that can modulate these mechanisms in favor of plants efficiently. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Environmental filtering controls soil biodiversity in wet tropical ecosystems
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Haiying Cui; Peter M. Vitousek; Sasha C. Reed; Wei Sun; Blessing Sokoya; Adebola R. Bamigboye; Jay Prakash Verma; Arpan Mukherjee; Gabriel F. Peñaloza-Bojacá; Alberto L. Teixido; Pankaj Trivedi; Ji-Zheng He; Hang-Wei Hu; Kenny Png; Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
The environmental factors controlling soil biodiversity along resource gradients remain poorly understood in wet tropical ecosystems. Aboveground biodiversity is expected to be driven by changes in nutrient availability in these ecosystems, however, much less is known about the importance of nutrient availability in driving soil biodiversity. Here, we combined a cross-continental soil survey across tropical regions with a three decades' field experiment adding nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (100 kg N ha−1y−1 and 100 kg P ha−1y−1) to Hawai'ian tropical forests with contrasting substrate ages (300 and 4,100,000 years) to investigate the influence of nutrient availability to explain the biodiversity of soil bacteria, fungi, protists, invertebrates and key functional genes. We found that soil biodiversity was driven by soil acidification during long-term pedogenesis and across environmental gradients, rather than by nutrient limitations. In fact, our results showed that experimental N additions caused substantial acidification in soils from Hawai'i. These declines in pH were related to large decreases in soil biodiversity from tropical ecosystems in four continents. Moreover, the microbial activity did not change in response to long-term N and P additions. We concluded that environmental filtering drives the biodiversity of multiple soil organisms, and that the acidification effects associated with N additions can further create substantial undesired net negative effects on overall soil biodiversity in naturally tropical acid soils. This knowledge is integral for the understanding and management of soil biodiversity in tropical ecosystems globally. © 2022
Experiment tools used as a biostimulant for sustainable crop plants improvement and practices
(CRC Press, 2025) Tushar Goyal; Deepak Kumar; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Arpan Mukherjee; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Jay Prakash Prakash Verma
A variety of methods are employed experimentally as biostimulants to improve the quality, production, and growth of crops. Biostimulants are chemicals or microorganisms that, when ingested by plants, stimulate their physiological functions in a way that increases nutrient absorption, increases stress tolerance, and fosters development. Physical, chemical, and biological substances such as plant growth regulators, humic substances, amino acids, seaweed extracts, advantageous bacteria (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria), silicon, and nanomaterials-based biostimulants are utilized as experimental biostimulants. These experimental approaches have been found to boost nutrient absorption and water usage effectiveness, and increase plant tolerance to various environmental stresses and photosynthesis, which in turn increases plant growth, yield, and quality. A promising strategy for sustainable agriculture is the application of these experimental instruments as biostimulants, which can lower the applications of agro-chemical fertilizers, herbicides and water while increasing crop yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic challenges. To completely comprehend the processes by which these experimental instruments act as biostimulants and to optimize their application in various crops and environmental situations, more study is still required. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Fungi: A potential candidate for sustainable agriculture and agroecosystem
(Elsevier, 2020) Somenath Das; Saurabh Singh; Jay Prakash Verma; Arpan Mukherjee
Excessive utilization of chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides in agroecosystem causes development of different resistant races of pest and also hamper the normal metabolism of crop species with altered environmental scenario. Sustainable agriculture play major role on elimination of successive drawbacks of synthetic fertilizers and cooperative mode of action of different fungal species for improvement of growth, development of crop species, soil fertility, and management in variable abiotic and biotic stresses. Different fungal species such as Penicillum expansum, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Trichoderma harzianum, Mucor mucedo, Phoma spp., and Taxomyces andreanae have been active participated for sustainable agriculture and modified agroecosystem services. Moreover, these beneficial fungal species also develop ectotropic, ericoid, arbuscular, and endophytic mycorrhizae with different plant species in the agriculture system and promote the biofunctional properties. The present article is focused on the practical application of different fungal species in sustainable agriculture and improvement of crops species in natural agroecosystem. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Global hotspots for soil nature conservation
(Nature Research, 2022) Carlos A. Guerra; Miguel Berdugo; David J. Eldridge; Nico Eisenhauer; Brajesh K. Singh; Haiying Cui; Sebastian Abades; Fernando D. Alfaro; Adebola R. Bamigboye; Felipe Bastida; José L. Blanco-Pastor; Asunción de los Ríos; Jorge Durán; Tine Grebenc; Javier G. Illán; Yu-Rong Liu; Thulani P. Makhalanyane; Steven Mamet; Marco A. Molina-Montenegro; José L. Moreno; Arpan Mukherjee; Tina U. Nahberger; Gabriel F. Peñaloza-Bojacá; César Plaza; Sergio Picó; Jay Prakash Verma; Ana Rey; Alexandra Rodríguez; Leho Tedersoo; Alberto L. Teixido; Cristian Torres-Díaz; Pankaj Trivedi; Juntao Wang; Ling Wang; Jianyong Wang; Eli Zaady; Xiaobing Zhou; Xin-Quan Zhou; Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
Soils are the foundation of all terrestrial ecosystems1. However, unlike for plants and animals, a global assessment of hotspots for soil nature conservation is still lacking2. This hampers our ability to establish nature conservation priorities for the multiple dimensions that support the soil system: from soil biodiversity to ecosystem services. Here, to identify global hotspots for soil nature conservation, we performed a global field survey that includes observations of biodiversity (archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and functions (critical for six ecosystem services) in 615 composite samples of topsoil from a standardized survey in all continents. We found that each of the different ecological dimensions of soils—that is, species richness (alpha diversity, measured as amplicon sequence variants), community dissimilarity and ecosystem services—peaked in contrasting regions of the planet, and were associated with different environmental factors. Temperate ecosystems showed the highest species richness, whereas community dissimilarity peaked in the tropics, and colder high-latitudinal ecosystems were identified as hotspots of ecosystem services. These findings highlight the complexities that are involved in simultaneously protecting multiple ecological dimensions of soil. We further show that most of these hotspots are not adequately covered by protected areas (more than 70%), and are vulnerable in the context of several scenarios of global change. Our global estimation of priorities for soil nature conservation highlights the importance of accounting for the multidimensionality of soil biodiversity and ecosystem services to conserve soils for future generations. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Global-level population genomics reveals differential effects of geography and phylogeny on horizontal gene transfer in soil bacteria
(National Academy of Sciences, 2019) Alex Greenlon; Peter L. Chang; Zehara Mohammed Damtew; Atsede Muleta; Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia; Donghyun Kim; Hien P. Nguyen; Vasantika Suryawanshi; Christopher P. Krieg; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Jai Singh Patel; Arpan Mukherjee; Sripada Udupa; Imane Benjelloun; Imane Thami-Alami; Mohammad Yasin; Bhuvaneshwara Patil; Sarvjeet Singh; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Eric J.B. Von Wettberg; Abdullah Kahraman; Bekir Bukun; Fassil Assefa; Kassahun Tesfaye; Asnake Fikre; Douglas R. Cook
Although microorganisms are known to dominate Earth’s biospheres and drive biogeochemical cycling, little is known about the geographic distributions of microbial populations or the environmental factors that pattern those distributions. We used a global-level hierarchical sampling scheme to comprehensively characterize the evolutionary relationships and distributional limitations of the nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts of the crop chickpea, generating 1,027 draft whole-genome sequences at the level of bacterial populations, including 14 high-quality PacBio genomes from a phylogenetically representative subset. We find that diverse Mesorhizobium taxa perform symbiosis with chickpea and have largely overlapping global distributions. However, sampled locations cluster based on the phylogenetic diversity of Mesorhizobium populations, and diversity clusters correspond to edaphic and environmental factors, primarily soil type and latitude. Despite long-standing evolutionary divergence and geographic isolation, the diverse taxa observed to nodulate chickpea share a set of integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) that encode the major functions of the symbiosis. This symbiosis ICE takes 2 forms in the bacterial chromosome—tripartite and monopartite—with tripartite ICEs confined to a broadly distributed superspecies clade. The pairwise evolutionary relatedness of these elements is controlled as much by geographic distance as by the evolutionary relatedness of the background genome. In contrast, diversity in the broader gene content of Mesorhizobium genomes follows a tight linear relationship with core genome phylogenetic distance, with little detectable effect of geography. These results illustrate how geography and demography can operate differentially on the evolution of bacterial genomes and offer useful insights for the development of improved technologies for sustainable agriculture. © 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Harnessing bacterial strain from rhizosphere to develop indigenous PGPR consortium for enhancing lobia (Vigna unguiculata) production
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Jay Prakash Verma; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Arpan Mukherjee; Ram Krishna; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira
The rhizosphere microbes play a key role in plant nutrition and health. However, the interaction of beneficial microbes and Vigna unguiculata (lobia) production remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to isolate and characterize the soil microbes from the rhizosphere and develop novel microbial consortia for enhancing lobia production. Fifty bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples of lobia. Finally, five effective strains (e.g., Pseudomonas sp. IESDJP-V1 and Pseudomonas sp. IESDJP-V2, Serratia marcescens IESDJP-V3, Bacillus cereus IESDJP-V4, Ochrobactrum sp. IESDJP-V5) were identified and molecularly characterized by 16 S rDNA gene amplification. All selected strains showed positive plant growth promoting (PGP) properties in broth culture. Based on morphological, biochemical, and plant growth promoting activities, five effective isolated strains and two collected strains (Azospirillum brasilense MTCC-4037 and Paenibacillus polymyxa BHUPSB17) were selected. The pot trials were conducted with seed inoculations of lobia (Vigna unguiculata) var. Kashi Kanchan with thirty treatments and three replications. The treatment combination T3 (Pseudomonas sp. IESDJP-V2), T14 (Pseudomonas sp. IESDJP-V2 + A. brasilense), T26 (Pseudomonas sp. IESDJP-V1+ B. cereus IESDJP-V4 + P. polymyxa) and T27 (IESDJP-V1+ IESDJP-V5+ A. brasilense) were recorded for enhancing plant growth attributes, yield, nutritional content like protein, total sugar, flavonoid and soil properties as compared to control and others. The effective treatments T3 (Pseudomonas sp.), T14 (Pseudomonas sp. IESDJP-V2 + A. brasilense), T26 (Pseudomonas sp. IESDJP-V1+ B. cereus IESDJP-V4 + P. polymyxa) and T27 (IESDJP-V1+ IESDJP-V5+ A. brasilense) recorded as potential PGPR consortium for lobia production. The treatment of single (Pseudomonas sp.), duel (IESDJP-V2 + A. brasilense) and triple combination (IESDJP-V1+ IESDJP-V4 + P. polymyxa) and (IESDJP-V1+ IESDJP-V5+ A. brasilense) can be further used for developing effective indigenous consortium for lobia production under sustainable farming practices. These PGPR bio-inoculant will be cost-effective, environment-friendly and socially acceptable. © 2023 The Authors
Harnessing chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed endophytes for enhancing plant growth attributes and bio-controlling against Fusarium sp.
(Elsevier GmbH, 2020) Arpan Mukherjee; Brajesh Kumar Singh; Jay Prakash Verma
A seed microbiome is likely to have important impacts on plant fitness and productivity but functional potentials of seed microbiome remain poorly understood. It is also suggested that bio-inoculants developed from or compatible with seed microbiome are more likely to produce desired outcomes of sustainable increase in agriculture productivity but few empirical evidences are available. The aim of this study was to identify culturable endophytes of the germinating and dry seeds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and their functional attributes. We isolated 29 bacterial strains from chickpea seeds (8 strains from dry and 21 strains from germinating seeds). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA showed that the seed endophytic bacteria belong to Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., Pantoea sp. and Mixta sp. Isolates produced significant amount of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (Enterobacter hormaechei BHUJPCS-15; 58.91 μg/ml), solubilised phosphate (Bacillus subtilis BHUJPCS-24; 999.85 μg/ml) and potassium, ammonia (Bacillus subtilis BHUJPCS-12; 148.73 μg/ml), and also inhibited the growth of chickpea pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa BHUJPCS-7 against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris) under laboratory conditions. Several seed endophytes induced significant increase in plant growth and increased tolerance of chickpea plants to the pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris) when tested in vitro. Re-introduction of these isolates, resulted in significant increase in plant length, biomass and chlorophyll contents and bio-controlling activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris. These results provide a direct evidence for the presence of beneficial seed microbiome and suggest these isolates could be further developed into potential bio-inoculants for improving diseases management and sustainable increase in agriculture productivity. © 2020 Elsevier GmbH
Harnessing of phytomicrobiome for developing potential biostimulant consortium for enhancing the productivity of chickpea and soil health under sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Arpan Mukherjee; Saurabh Singh; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira; Ajit Kumar Passari; Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem; Jay Prakash Verma
The main aim of the present work was to explore culturable bacteria and to develop potential microbial consortium as bio-inoculants for enhancing plant productivity, nutritional content, and soil health. For this study, we selected two bacterial strains e.g., Enterobacter hormaechei (BHUJPCS-15) and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis (BHUJPVCRS-1) based on plant growth-promoting activities We developed a consortium of both strains and estimated plant growth promotion (PGP) activity which recorded significant better production of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (61.53 μg/ml), siderophore (12.66%), ammonia (98.66 μg/ml), phosphate solubilisation (942.64 μg/ml), potassium solubilisation, and antagonistic activity against Fusarium sp. than individual bacterial strains. Bacterial consortium (E. hormaechei + B. naejangsanensis) treatment significantly enhanced plant growth attributes, grain yields, nutritional content in plant and seed, followed by E. hormaechei as compared to control. Seed treated with consortium recorded a significant increase in available N P K, enzymes and microbial communities in soils. Microbiome analysis revealed that the dominance of bacterial group and its functional properties is directly correlated with plant growth attributes, nutrient content, soil N P K, and enzyme activity. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla Proteobacteria (98%) was dominantly recorded in all treatments. The microbiome of seed and soil, treated with consortium (E. hormaechei + B. naejangsanensis) showed high amount of diversity of bacterial phyla Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria than E. hormaechei (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria) and control (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria). In soil, root and shoot, E. hormaechei treatment enriched ligninolytic, nitrogen fixation, cellulolytic, nitrate ammonification among other pathways. The main finding is that the consortium treated seed of chickpea recorded significant enhancement of plant growth attributes, productivity, nutritional content, and soil health as well as microbial colonization in soil and seed part. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Host-parasite interaction during development of major seed-borne bacterial diseases
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Sudheer K. Yadav; Jai S. Patel; Gagan Kumar; Arpan Mukherjee; Anupam Maharshi; Surendra Singh; Harikesh B. Singh; Birinchi K. Sarma
Parasitic species demonstrate a wide range of population structures and life cycle plan, including various transmission modes, life cycle complication, survivability, and dispersal ability with and without the presence of their hosts. A prominent feature of hosts and parasites is based on their genetics which can be regulated by coevolution. Infections measured under laboratory conditions have shown that the environment in which hosts and parasites interact might substantially affect the strength and specificity of selection. An effective defense response is the precursor of evolution in plant immunity which restricts the potential onset of disease by microbial pathogens (parasites). In plants, the primary immune response, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), is one of the best examples of evolution to acknowledge general characteristics of microbial pathogens. Such type of coevolution was manifested in host-parasite interactions, but the knowledge is very less. The behavior of parasite and environmental factors also affects the host-parasite interactions. The environmental conditions such as moisture content, temperature, wind velocity, and availability of food are major factors in host-parasite interaction. The environment provides a suitable condition for the establishment of host and their parasite. In this book chapter, we are focusing on coevolution, environmental effect, and specificity during host-parasite interactions. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Impact of agrochemical application in sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier, 2020) Ram K. Ganguly; Arpan Mukherjee; Susanta K. Chakraborty; Jay Prakash Verma
Different discoveries of agrochemical-based agrotechnologies and their application replacing the traditional practices have become very successful to improve the production of food and combat hunger in an exponentially growing population. It had also resulted to boost-up agroeconomy across the world. However, different research surveys have revealed a higher trend of accumulation of toxicants in different spheres of the environment posing deleterious effects to aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial health. Most of the harmful effects are found because of nonjudicious uses of agrochemicals, which, by the way of biotransformation, cause several diseases and damage biodiversity. Several government proceedings have made legislations against the use of persistent organic chemicals and recommended the use of biodegradable chemicals for a better greener environment. In order to ensure higher production and maintain quality, several interdisciplinary approaches have been adopted, including organic farming, traditional knowledge, and the use of genetically modified crops to combat poisoning of the environment and to create a greener environment for future generations. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Impact of bacterial volatiles on the plant growth attributes and defense mechanism of rice seedling
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Tushar Goyal; Arpan Mukherjee; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Anand Kumar Gaurav; Deepak Kumar; Saman Abeysinghe; Jay Prakash Verma
Rice is a major dietary element for about two billion people worldwide and it faces numerous biotic and abiotic stress for its cultivation. Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae reduce up to 30 % rice yield. Overuse of synthetic chemicals raises concerns about health and environment; so, there is an urgent need to explore innovative sustainable strategies for crop productivity. The main aim of this study is to explore the impact of bacterial volatiles (BVCs) on seedling growth and defense mechanisms of rice under in-vitro condition. On the basis of plant growth promoting properties, six bacterial strains were selected out of ninety-one isolated strains for this study; Pantoea dispersa BHUJPVR01, Enterobacter cloacae BHUJPVR02, Enterobacter sp. BHUJPVR12, Priestia aryabhattai BHUJPVR13, Pseudomonas sp. BHUJPVWRO5 and Staphylococcus sp. BHUJPVWLE7. Through the emission of bacterial volatiles compounds (BVCs), Enterobacter sp., P. dispersa and P. aryabhattai significantly reduces the growth of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae by 69.20 %, 66.15 % and 62.31 % respectively. Treatment of rice seedlings with BVCs exhibited significant enhancement in defence enzyme levels, including guaiacol peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids by a maximum of up to 24 %, 48 %, 116 % and 80 %, respectively. Furthermore, BVCs effectively promote shoot height, root height, and root counts of rice. All BVCs treated plant showed a significant increase in shoot height. P. dispersa treated plants showed the highest increase of 60 % shoot and 110 % root length, respectively. Root counts increased up to 30% in plants treated with E. cloacae and Staphylococcus sp. The BVCs can be used as a sustainable approach for enhancing plant growth attributes, productivity and defence mechanism of rice plant under biotic and abiotic stresses. © 2024
Impact of Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes (PGPM) in Plant Disease Management by Inducing Non-enzymatic Antioxidants
(Springer Nature, 2021) Somenath Das; Arpan Mukherjee
Among different biological factors, plant disease is one of the most effective problems for considerable loss of crop production in current time. The sustainable way for crop production and plant disease management is the use of beneficial microbes. Beneficial soil microbes surrounding the rhizosphere of the host plant can protect them from plant pathogen and also stimulate further development of plants. Different species of plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) are being well-reported by scientists to manage different diseases of plants and improvement in crop productivity. PGPM helps host plant to induce their growth as well as suppress the disease incidence. Interaction of PGPM with plant pathogens in the rhizosphere regions modulates innate immune responses in the host plant which efficiently suppresses the pathogenic infections. It has been well studied that PGPM helps host plant to protect them from disease by producing different enzymes, metabolites, plant antioxidants and inducing plants immunity. In addition to antioxidants of enzymatic origin, the non-enzymatic antioxidants, viz. glutathione (GSSG/GSH), ascorbic acid, tocopherol, phenolic constituents, riboflavin, carotenoids, and thiamine, play outstanding role against oxidative stress as well as a number of plant disease occurrences. Hence, this article has been discussed critically to provide an updated account describing the active participation of PGPM in improvement of plant defense as well as disease management through the production of different non-enzymatic antioxidant and develop a green horizon to maximize their practical application in sustainable agriculture. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.