Browsing by Author "Nishi Kumari"

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2D hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets supported with palladium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticle–based electrochemical sensor for the detection of indole- 3-acetic acid
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Jyoti Prajapati; Ashish Gupta; Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Jaya Joshi; Nishi Kumari; I. C. Tiwari
Indole- 3-acetic acid (IAA) plays major role in stress responses and plant defense against pathogens. When a plant is under stress, such as when it is exposed to high temperature or drought conditions, the levels of IAA increases, which triggers a range of responses that helps the plant to cope with the stress. In this study, we developed electrochemical sensor based on nanocomposite of palladium-doped zinc oxide and 2D hexagonal boron nitride (Pd-ZnO/h-BN) for effective electrochemical detection of IAA. The structural and morphological structure of the Pd-ZnO/h-BN nanocomposite was investigated using a variety of characterization techniques, FT-IR, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and chronoamperometry techniques were used for quantitative analysis of IAA. The sensing capability of the Pd-ZnO/h-BN modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for IAA detection was evaluated utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Because of its multiple active sites, rapid charge transfer, and abundance of defects, the Pd-ZnO/h-BN/GCE exhibits a synergetic catalytic impact on IAA oxidation. The suggested electrochemical sensor has a low detection limit (LOD) for IAA is 0.13 µM using DPV and 0.21 µM using CV, good linear ranges (0.5 to 50 µM), and high sensitivity (0.2407 µA cm−2 µM−1). This fabricated sensor shows excellent real time analysis towards IAA in the seedling extract of Vigna radiata and Triticum aestivum. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Antibacterial activity of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles
(Elsevier, 2024) Ashish Gupta; Brajesh Chandra Pandey; Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Ida Tiwari; Nishi Kumari
Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining attention due to their enhanced application in various fields such as biomedicine, biotechnology, bioengineering, and water treatment. Significant antibacterial, anticancer, and cytotoxic activities shown by them enhance their potential for medical applications. Their synthesis is possible through chemical, physical, and biological means, but first two methods are time-consuming and costly. Chemical synthesis of AgNPs has major drawback, as through this method sometimes toxic chemical is released. Biological synthesis or green synthesis of AgNPs uses microorganisms or plant extracts as raw materials. Plants are considered as natural reservoir of diverse types of chemicals. As different plants have different types and concentrations of phytochemicals, therefore, AgNPs prepared from different plant sources display different properties of nanoparticles. Biological method is considered as cost-effective and eco-friendly, and less time is required in this method. The biosynthesized AgNPs are being characterized by different methods such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. AgNPs have shown significant inhibition activities against several bacterial and fungal strains. Their interactions with microbes cause structural damage to microbial cell wall, thus making it as potent and efficient alternative of antimicrobials. Therefore, handling of antibiotic resistance of several bacteria will be possible either by using AgNPs alone or in combination with antibiotics. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Antimicrobial efficacy of in vitro cultures and their applications
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Nishi Kumari; Pooja Jaiswal; Alpana Yadav; Ashish Gupta; Brajesh Chandra Pandey
Treatment of microbial infections has become more challenging with the evolution of antibiotic resistant microbes and indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Several phytochemicals have shown potential inhibitory action against such microbes. These antimicrobials have shown their efficacy in treating such infections. These natural products also played significant role in restoration of activity of less effective antibiotics, when used in combination with antibiotics. But still, scientists are facing some major challenges in using such metabolites for medicines-there is urgent need to explore more plants showing microbial inhibition activity, plant products from field grown plants are not sufficient to meet the growing demand and purification of antimicrobial compounds, so that dosage for patients can be finalized. Tissue culture has emerged as great technology not only in the conservation of such medicinal plants but it provides major application for the production of secondary metabolites. Various micropropagules such as calli, in vitro cultures, and cell suspensions have shown their potential for the production of pharmaceutically active compounds similar to mature plants. Production of such phytochemicals can be enhanced by manipulating media supplements, culture conditions and elicitations. As, in nature production of antimicrobials is the result of interaction between the plants and microbes, therefore, such interaction can be provided to in vitro cultures by biotic elicitation. In vitro production of antimicrobial compounds has been reported in many plants such as Ricinus communis, Calendula officinalis, Abrus precatorius, etc. Thus, plant tissue culture paves an efficient and feasible method of production of such natural compounds as an alternative of antibiotics. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticle from flower extract of Wedelia chinensis and their antibacterial and antioxidant activity
(Institute of Physics, 2024) Brajesh Chandra Pandey; Ashish Gupta; Alakh Niranjan Sahu; Riddha Dey; Richa Raghuwanshi; Nishi Kumari
Wedelia chinensis is a medicinal herb of the family Asteraceae. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was done by using flower extract of Wedelia chinensis. Optimum conditions for AgNPs synthesis were as such: flower extract and AgNO3 (0.1 M) were taken in 1:9 ratio; temperature- 30 °C; reaction time- 12 h. UV-Visible spectra of the synthesized nanoparticle showed maximum absorption at 400 nm. Crystalline nature of silver nanoparticle was confirmed by XRD pattern. Through TEM, average size of AgNPs was observed as 51.2 nm. FTIR indicated participation of various functional groups of flower extract in the formation of nanoparticles. In DLS study, AgNPs of size 121 nm showed 100% intensity. Zeta potential was recorded as −1.24 mV. Strong peak of silver was observed in EDX study. AgNPs alone showed effective inhibition against all pathogenic bacteria taken as test organisms, but its combination with the antibiotics showed considerable enhancement in antibacterial activity. Inhibition for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was maximum when nanoparticles were taken in the combination of antibiotics and the extract. Significant antioxidant potential of AgNPs were observed in DPPH, ascorbic acid and DNA nicking assays. Thus, AgNPs of Wedelia chinensis flower extract showed significant medicinal efficacy as antioxidant and antibacterial. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Biomedical applications of green synthesized nanoparticles
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Reetika Singh; Priyanka Tiwari; Nishi Kumari; Bechan Sharma
Nanotechnology is an emerging field in the area of interdisciplinary research. Nanoparticle research is inevitable today due to its wide applications. So many chemical and physical methods have been used for nanoparticles synthesis. Many of these methods exert huge adverse environmental effects, need technical expertise, and high cost. Therefore, there is urgency to establish a trustworthy low-cost technology for nanoparticles synthesis. This method involving biological materials named plants, microorganisms, enzymes, etc. may be best eco-friendly alternatives. Synthesis of nanoparticles with plant extracts is additional beneficial over the other biological processes. The plant extracts are acting as reducing agent for nanoparticles synthesis. Moreover, plant-mediated nanoparticles synthesis is a single-step method for biosynthesis process. It is cost-effective, environmentally conducive, and safe for human therapeutic applications. Various plant materials such as extracts of fruits, leaves, roots, fruit peels, callus, etc. have been considered suitable agent for the synthesis of silver, gold, platinum, titanium, and other nanoparticles in different sizes and shapes. Biomedical applications of nanoparticles include antimicrobial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, and anticancer agents. More plant extracts or drugs can be loaded because of the lesser size and enormous surface area of nanoparticles, and hence it may act as appropriate vehicle for the drug delivery. The competence of absorption of drugs and upsurge in apoptosis of abnormal cells could be possible by using nanoparticles. Recently, some research reports have indicated the therapeutic efficacy of green synthesized nanoparticles against leishmaniasis and tuberculosis. In the future, nanoparticles practice may exposed a new vistas for healthcare and disease management. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle from flower extract of Dillenia indica and its efficacy as antibacterial and antioxidant
(Academic Press, 2024) Ashish Gupta; Brajesh Chandra Pandey; Jaya Verma; Ida Tiwari; Alakh Niranjan Sahu; Rajesh Kumari Manhas; Nishi Kumari
Dillenia indica is a medicinal tree of the Dilleniaceae and its flower extract was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs). The optimal conditions for AgNPs synthesis were as such: 2 mM AgNO3, pH 4.5 and 48-h reaction time. The characteristic band of AgNPs was observed at the wavelength of 435 nm by UV–visible spectroscopic study. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis depicted the involvement of several functional groups of plant extracts in the synthesis of AgNPs. Nanoparticles were mostly spherical shaped and uniformly distributed, when observation was made by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) showed absorption peak approximately at 3 keV thus confirmed the presence of silver metal in AgNP. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns showed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis exhibited average size of the nanoparticles as 50.17 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.298. The zeta potential of nanoparticles was observed as −24.9 mV. To assess antibacterial activity, both AgNPs alone or its combination with the antibiotic were tried against six pathogenic bacteria. The combination of AgNPs with antibiotic was maximum effective against Shigella boydii (16.07 ± 0.35) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.03 ± 0.20). AgNPs alone showed maximum inhibition for both Gram-positive bacteria: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (19.97 ± 0.20 mm) and Enterococcus faecium (19.80 ± 0.15 mm). Maximum inhibition of Enterobactor cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed by antibiotic taken alone. Evaluation through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and DNA nicking assays demonstrated the antioxidant capabilities of the nanoparticles. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Characterization of Arabidopsis sterol glycosyltransferase TTG15/UGT80B1 role during freeze and heat stress
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2015) Manoj K. Mishra; Gaurav Singh; Shalini Tiwari; Ruchi Singh; Nishi Kumari; Pratibha Misra
Sterol glycosyltransferases regulate the properties of sterols by catalyzing the transfer of carbohydrate molecules to the sterol moiety for the synthesis of steryl glycosides and acyl steryl glycosides. We have analyzed the functional role of TTG15/UGT80B1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana in freeze/thaw and heat shock stress using T-DNA insertional sgt knockout mutants. Quantitative study of spatial as well as temporal gene expression showed tissue-specific and dynamic expression patterns throughout the growth stages. Comparative responses of Col-0, TTG15/UGT80B1 knockout mutant and p35S:TTG15/UGT80B1 restored lines were analyzed under heat and freeze stress conditions. Heat tolerance was determined by survival of plants at 42°C for 3 h, MDA analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence image (CFI) analysis. Freezing tolerance was determined by survival of the plants at-1°C temperature in non-acclimatized (NA) and cold acclimatized (CA) conditions and also by CFI analysis, which revealed that, p35S:TTG15/UGT80B1 restored plants were more adapted to freeze stress than TTG15/UGT80B1 knockout mutant under CA condition. HPLC analysis of the plants showed reduced sterol glycoside in mutant seedlings as compared to other genotypes. Following CA condition, both b-sitosterol and sitosterol glycoside quantity was more in Col-0 and p35S:TTG15/UGT80B1 restored lines, whereas it was significantly less in TTG15/UGT80B1 knockout mutants. From these results, it may be concluded that due to low content of free sterols and sterol glycosides, the physiology of mutant plants was more affected during both, the chilling and heat stress. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Comparative determination of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity from leaf and fruit of Sapindus mukorrossi Gaertn. - A valuable medicinal tree
(Elsevier, 2015) Reetika Singh; Nishi Kumari
Antioxidant activity, polyphenolic compounds contents, reducing potential and lipid peroxidation activities from extracts of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. were evaluated by different assays. Ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extract of leaf and fruit's pericarp were used for above assay through standard method. Maximum antioxidant activity was observed in aqueous extract of fruit. Total phenolic content was maximum in the methanolic extract of fruit (469.00±0.57mgg-1 of gallic acid equivalent) and total flavonoid content was maximum in methanolic extract of leaf (540.11±0.89mgg-1 of rutin equivalent). High reducing potential was observed in case of aqueous extract of both leaf and fruit. A positive correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compounds (total phenolic content and total flavonoid content). Similarly, a significant correlation was observed between antioxidant activities and reducing potential, indicating that reducers present in extract are major contributors to the antioxidant potential. Thus, extract of this plant could used be for pharmaceutical as well as for nutraceutical purposes. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
Exploring anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of Aspergillus flavus, a fungal endophyte isolated from Dillenia indica leaf callus
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Ashish Gupta; Brajesh Chandra Pandey; Mohd Yaseen; Renu Kushwaha; Madhavenda Shukla; Pratima Chaudhary; Partha Pratim Manna; Aparna Singh; I. C. Tiwari; Gopal Nath; Nishi Kumari
Background: Endophytic fungi represent a compelling assemblage of microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues without inflicting any discernible detriment to the host organism. They foster a symbiotic association with their host plants, frequently conferring advantages such as augmented growth, enhanced resilience to stressors, and safeguarding against pathogens. Study design: Dillenia indica is a medicinal tree of Dilleniaceae. This study aims to isolate and identify the fungi growing as a contaminant in leaf callus. For the identification, both morphological observation and molecular methods were used. The presence of secondary metabolites in different fungal extracts were observed by FTIR and High-resolution accurate mass spectroscopy (HRAMS) methods. Different biological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor) of fungal extracts were assessed. Methods: For callus initiation, leaf tissues of Dillenia indica were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with BAP (1mgl-1) and NAA (1mgl-1) plant growth regulators. To raise pure cultures of endophyte, fungal hyphae were isolated from the contaminated cultures and were grown on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. For molecular identification, genomic DNA (gDNA) was isolated from fungal mycelia. Internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS4) were used to amplify the conserved ITS region of the fungal gDNA. Previously deposited sequences in the Gene bank were used for the identification and making of phylogenetic tree. Antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer potential of fungal extracts were studied. Results: The endophyte was identified as Aspergillus flavus. FTIR study showed the presence of diverse types of secondary metabolites in fungal extract. A significant presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, etc. was observed by High-resolution accurate mass spectroscopy analysis (HRAMS) of fungal extract. Endophyte extract prepared in chloroform showed both antioxidant (IC50 430.23) and antibacterial (maximum inhibition of E. coli:15 ± 0.62 mm) potential compared to other solvents. Cell viability decreased at high concentrations of endophyte extract prepared in chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. Fungal extract prepared in ethyl acetate showed considerable cytotoxicity and growth inhibition of DL tumor cells. Conclusion: In the present study, isolated endophyte of Dillenia indica showed high occurrence of secondary metabolites. Fungal extracts showed antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. As, endophytes are remarkable source of active constituents, there is a great need to explore such endophytes. Their extensive studies are required to develop an alternative of plant less production of valuable compounds. © 2025 The Authors
Free radicals scavenging activity and antimicrobial potential of leaf and fruit extracts of sapindus mukorossi gaertn. Against clinical pathogen
(Advanced Research Journals, 2016) Reetika Singh; Nishi Kumari; Gopal Nath
Antioxidant activity of fruit and leaf extracts of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. was evaluated through β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Antimicrobial potential of extracts was also assessed against human disease causing pathogens. In fruit extract, highest antioxidant activity (76.64 ± 1.06) was found in aqueous extract and leaf extract showed maximum antioxidant activity (90.82 ± 1.11) in methanolic extract. In fruit, maximum H2O2 scavenging activity was found in methanolic extract and in leaf maximum H2O2 scavenging activity (10.53 ± 0.72) in ethanolic extract. Both, fruit and leaf extract have showed significant antimicrobial activity against most of the pathogens. In fruit extract, methanolic and aqueous extract showed potent antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms except Candida albicans. All extract of fruit showed maximum inhibition zone (diameter) against Candida tropicalis, methanolic extract (12.50 ± 0.29), aqueous extract (11.66 ± 0.33) and ethanolic extract (10.16 ± 0.16). In leaf extract, maximum inhibition zone (9.66 ± 0.52) was formed by ethanolic extract against Salmonella Typhimurium. Fruit and leaf extracts have shown more activity against Gram negative bacteria. © 2016, Advanced Research Journals. All rights reserved.
In Vitro Cultures: Challenges and Limitations
(Springer Nature, 2023) Nishi Kumari; Ashish Gupta; Brajesh Chandra Pandey; Renu Kushwaha; Mohd Yaseen
Plant tissue culture provides an effective system for large scale production of plants. Several rare and threatened plants have been conserved through this technique. It plays pivotal role in the production of hybrids, cybrids, genetically engineered plants, disease-free plants, somaclones, and bioactive compounds, etc. It has several industrial applications. Plant cells are miniature factories of chemicals and in vitro cultures can be successfully used for cost-effective and eco-friendly production of such chemicals. For its commercial application, there is need to identify various issues of tissue culture and scientists should give the proper solution in handling such issues. ©The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023
Induction of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf callus of Terminalia arjuna Bedd.
(1998) Nishi Kumari; Uma Jaiswal; V.S. Jaiswal
A protocol for effective plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis has been developed for Terminalia arjuna Bedd. Calluses were initiated from leaves of mature trees on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with 5 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.01 mg l-1 kinetin, 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar. The calli showed differentiation of globular structures when transferred to the MS basal medium. Globular structures enlarged and produced secondary globular structures and/or somatic embryos. Continued production of globular structures, their differentiation into embryos and germination of embryos occurred on the MS medium with 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar. The plantlets were hardened and transferred to the soil. Such in vitro raised plants showed luxuriant growth in field condition.
Micropropagation of a tropical fruit tree spondias mangifera willd. through direct organogenesis
(2010) Madhu Tripathi; Nishi Kumari
An efficient in vitro propagation is described for Spondias mangifera Willd., a medicinally important tree, using nodal explants obtained from 4-week-old seedlings. The frequency of shoot regeneration from seedling node was affected by various concentrations of BAP and successive transfer of mother explant. MS (Murashige and Skoog, Physiol Plant 15:473-497, 1962) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 of 6-benzylami- nopurine (BAP) was optimal for shoot multiplication. Upon this medium, highest number of shoots (about 10.6) per explants was obtained after fourth subculture of mother explants. Half-strength MS medium containing IAA (1.0 mg l-1) was most effective for rooting of shoots. Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred into soil with 80-90% survival rate. The regenerated plants were morphologically uniform and exhibited similar growth characteristics and vegetative morphology to the mother plants. This is the first report on micropropagation of S. mangifera, which can be applied for further genetic transformation assays and pharmaceu- tical purposes. © Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 2010.
Monitoring the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plantlets of Spondias mangifera Willd. using RAPD marker assays
(Headley Brothers Ltd, 2012) Madhu Tripathi; Nishi Kumari; Neha Prakash Rai; Govind Kumar Rai; Major Singh
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to screen for clonal fidelity in in vitro-propagated plantlets of Spondias mangifera produced through direct organogenesis. One micropropagated plantlet was selected at random after each sub-cultural passage (six sub-cultures), along with the donor plant, for RAPD marker analysis. Twenty-five RAPD primers were used to study genetic similarities or dissimilarities with the mother plant as well as among the regenerated plants. Individual primers showed that the same pattern of RAPD markers was shared by all in vitro-propagated plantlets and the mother plant. No variation was observed among the micropropagated progenies. Thus, in vitro-regenerated plantlets of S. mangifera were clonally uniform and genetically stable.
Organogenesis from Leaf Tissue of Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz, SEM study and Genetic Fidelity Assessment by ISSR and ScoT
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Pooja Jaiswal; Nishi Kumari; Sarvesh Pratap Kashyap; Shailesh Kumar Tiwari
In vitro raised plantlets were obtained from nodal tissue through direct organogenesis and they served as donor plants for the collection of leaf explants. Leaf explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog’s medium with different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Hundred percent callogenesis was observed on medium supplemented with 5 mg l−1 2,4-D. For the multiplication of cells (proliferation), calli were transferred to either basal medium or media containing different types and concentrations of cytokinins. Proliferation was observed maximum on media containing 0.5 mg l−1 BAP or 1.0 mg l−1 BAP. Shoot differentiation from calli took place on media supplemented with BAP in combinations with TDZ or ZN. Initiation of organogenesis was observed in calli within two weeks of their subculture on differentiation medium. Shoot differentiation was maximum, when calli proliferated on medium having 1 mg l−1 BAP were transferred to the medium containing 1 mg l−1 BAP and 0.5 mg l−1 TDZ. Organogenic responses after four weeks of subculture on above differentiation medium were as such: number of shoots per explants (25.33 ± 0.88), number of shoots per calli replicate (3.67 ± 0.33) and maximum shoot length (3.43 ± 0.20 cm). Medium supplemented with 2.5 mg l−1 NAA was most responsive for rooting of shoots (54.16 ± 1.39%). About 62.5% plantlets survived after hardening and 54.17% plantlets got acclimatized. All acclimatized plants were transferred to field condition successfully. Formation of unipolar shoots and their multicellular attachment with callus were observed by scanning electron microscopy. To confirm the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants, five micropropagated plants derived from different leaf explants and two mother plants (randomly selected from micropropagated plants raised from nodal explants) were subjected to molecular analysis. The genetic fidelity of in vitro regenerated plants was assessed by using SCoT and ISSR molecular markers. 12.5% polymorphism was reported in both studies, which may be due to callus mediated regeneration of shoots. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Overcome the seasonal constraint for somatic embryogenesis using in vitro leaf explants and genetic fidelity testing of sapindus mukorossi
(Indian National Science Academy, 2020) Reetika Singh; Nishi Kumari; Major Singh
Sapindus mukorossi is an imperative medicinal and economical tree. The fruit of this tree is as a primary source of saponins. The aim of the current study was to develop a regeneration protocol of Sapindus plant from in vitro leaf explants to overcome the seasonal constraints. An efficient somatic embryogenesis protocol was developed by using in vitro leaf explants. Maximum callusing was found in MS medium supplemented with BAP. All the calli (100%) produced somatic embryos and a number of somatic embryos (47.10±1.04a) were observed on MS medium supplemented with 8.88 µM BAP. Maximum maturation percentage of somatic embryos (95.52±0.31a) was observed on MS medium supplemented with 4% w/v sucrose and 0.0378 µM abscisic acid (ABA). Highest germination percentage of somatic embryos (77.79±0.66a) was observed on MS basal medium having 4% w/v sucrose and 4.44 µM BAP. About 80% plants survived in field condition and grew well. The field transferred plants showed similar morphology as the mother plants. Random amplified polymorphic-DNA and inter-simple sequence repeats analysis also showed analogous banding pattern with mother plants that indicated there are no somaclonal variations. © 2020 Indian National Science Academy. All rights reserved.
Overexpression of WsSGTL1 Gene of Withania somnifera Enhances Salt Tolerance, Heat Tolerance and Cold Acclimation Ability in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants
(2013) Manoj K. Mishra; Pankaj Chaturvedi; Ruchi Singh; Gaurav Singh; Lokendra K. Sharma; Vibha Pandey; Nishi Kumari; Pratibha Misra
Background:Sterol glycosyltrnasferases (SGT) are enzymes that glycosylate sterols which play important role in plant adaptation to stress and are medicinally important in plants like Withania somnifera. The present study aims to find the role of WsSGTL1 which is a sterol glycosyltransferase from W. somnifera, in plant's adaptation to abiotic stress.Methodology:The WsSGTL1 gene was transformed in Arabidopsis thaliana through Agrobacterium mediated transformation, using the binary vector pBI121, by floral dip method. The phenotypic and physiological parameters like germination, root length, shoot weight, relative electrolyte conductivity, MDA content, SOD levels, relative electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll measurements were compared between transgenic and wild type Arabidopsis plants under different abiotic stresses - salt, heat and cold. Biochemical analysis was done by HPLC-TLC and radiolabelled enzyme assay. The promoter of the WsSGTL1 gene was cloned by using Genome Walker kit (Clontech, USA) and the 3D structures were predicted by using Discovery Studio Ver. 2.5.Results:The WsSGTL1 transgenic plants were confirmed to be single copy by Southern and homozygous by segregation analysis. As compared to WT, the transgenic plants showed better germination, salt tolerance, heat and cold tolerance. The level of the transgene WsSGTL1 was elevated in heat, cold and salt stress along with other marker genes such as HSP70, HSP90, RD29, SOS3 and LEA4-5. Biochemical analysis showed the formation of sterol glycosides and increase in enzyme activity. When the promoter of WsSGTL1 gene was cloned from W. somnifera and sequenced, it contained stress responsive elements. Bioinformatics analysis of the 3D structure of the WsSGTL1 protein showed functional similarity with sterol glycosyltransferase AtSGT of A. thaliana.Conclusions:Transformation of WsSGTL1 gene in A. thaliana conferred abiotic stress tolerance. The promoter of the gene in W.somnifera was found to have stress responsive elements. The 3D structure showed functional similarity with sterol glycosyltransferases. © 2013 Mishra et al.
Phytochemical studies in the field of plant tissue culture
(Elsevier, 2022) Pooja Jaiswal; Anand Vikram Singh; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Ajay Kumar; Nishi Kumari
Drugs produced by plants and herbal medicines have been used since ancient times to treat human and animal diseases, and at present several countries still rely on herbs and plants as the main sources of drugs. Plants are also considered as biofactories for the production of phytochemicals. Phytomedicines have emerged as cost-effective, eco-friendly, and better alternative of synthetic medicines. Their negligible or absent side effects have drawn the attention of many plant scientists to explore such phytochemicals. Tissue culture technology is now considered a highly efficient tool for the production of such phytochemicals under controlled conditions. Plants are a rich source of various secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins, and are broadly utilized in the prevention of human ailments. This chapter summarizes the role of phytochemicals for their ability to provide health benefits, and pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and agrochemical role. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plant tissue culture in tree species
(Elsevier, 2022) Pooja Jaiswal; Anand Vikram Singh; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Nishi Kumari
Growing cells, tissues, and organs on nutrient media under aseptic and controlled condition is called plant tissue culture. It has several applications such as mass multiplication of plants, germplasm conservation, production of pathogen-free plants, secondary metabolite production, and transgenic plant production. It is highly useful in understanding basic and applied aspects of plant science such as embryology, morphogenesis, cytology, pathology, physiology, biochemistry, etc. For improvement of plants through genetic manipulation, an efficient plant regeneration protocol is essential requirement. Improvement of several crops has become possible by screening and selecting superior somaclonal and gametoclonal variants. Commercial production of such plants has several benefits over conventional breeding techniques, as it takes less time with less labor input. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plants for Immunity and Conservation Strategies
(Springer Nature, 2023) Manoj Kumar Mishra; Nishi Kumari
This edited book deals with medicinal plants(herbs and trees) used in critical diseases which contain a rich resource of bioactive compounds that can be used as immuno-boosters or recommended for therapeutic values. Each chapter provides the basic information such as taxonomic description, occurrence and importance of medicinal plants. The detail description of major bioactive compounds in medicinal plants, their chemical nature and clear flow chart of biosynthesis are important steps in this book. This book also includes conservation strategy both in-situ and ex-situ, which assist the research and academic purpose. This book is of interest to national and international researchers, teacher’s, pharma scientists, and policymakers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for both undergraduate and graduate students of pharma and agriculture in the world. © The Editor(s)(if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.