2024

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Upper tropospheric moistening during the Asian summer monsoon in a changing climate
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Bhupendra Bahadur Singh; R. Krishnan; T.P. Sabin; Ramesh K. Vellore; Naresh Ganeshi; Manoj K. Srivastava
This study investigates the projected changes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) water vapor over the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) region based on satellite records, numerical simulations using variable-resolution global climate model focused over south Asia (HIST-natural and anthropogenic forcing in the historical period, and FUT-following RCP4.5 in future), and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) datasets. The simulations generally reproduced the seasonal cycle in the UTLS water vapor and regional water vapor maximum. With progressive warming in future, excessive upper tropospheric moistening is noted over the ASM region in far-future (2070–2095) climate against the HIST climate (1980–2005) with water vapor mixing ratio increasing to ~ 7.5 ppmv relative to ~ 5 ppmv noted in the HIST. It is further noted that projected changes in water vapor are linked to anomalous warming (~ 1–4 K) in the upper tropospheric layers juxtaposed with zonally elongated ASM anticyclone and enhanced water vapor flux divergence by amplifications in rotational winds. Further, the simulations indicate robust increase in ASM upper tropospheric water vapor as compared to those at mid- and lower- troposphere in accordance with the Clausius–Clapeyron temperature dependence of moisture response to warming and amplified troposphere warming with altitude. A simple comparison between the ASM and the entire globe indicates that upper tropospheric water vapor-temperature relationship has a similar response, however, the projected variability in temperature and moisture is significantly larger (about twice) over the ASM region highlighting strong regional influence. Nonetheless, the projections indicate that ASM is a potential regional source in modulating UTLS water vapor budget in a warming climate. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Biogas production using waste water: Methodologies and applications
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Priya Yadav; Rahul Prasad Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Mahjabin; Ajay Kumar; Amit Raj; Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstock's and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. Biogas can also be used in fuel cells for direct conversion to electricity and raw material for hydrogen and transport fuel production which is a significant pathway to sustainable energy development. Enriched biogas or biomethane can be containerized or injected to gas supply mains for use as renewable natural gas. Biogas digesters provide an opportunity for integrated waste management systems that combine waste treatment, energy generation, and resource recovery. By integrating biogas digesters into waste management infrastructure, it becomes possible to create closed-loop systems that maximize the potential of organic waste while minimizing environmental impacts. This holistic approach promotes sustainable practices, reduces reliance on conventional waste treatment methods, and creates a more circular and resource-efficient economy. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
Ensemble modelling reveals shrinkage of suitable habitat for Himalayan Boxwood (Buxus wallichiana Bail.) under climate change – implications for conservation
(Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 2024) Zishan Ahmad Wani; Sajid Khan; Koppineedi V. Satish; Sheikh Marifatul Haq; Shreekar Pant; Sazada Siddiqui
Conserving mountain species under climate change is a major ecological concern. It is still unclear how potential climate change will affect mountain plant species. The present study investigates the potential distribution of Himalayan Boxwood (B. wallichiana) under current and future climate scenarios using an ensemble modelling approach. The results showed that the distribution of B. wallichiana is determined by mean annual precipitation, precipitation of the driest quarter and mean annual temperature. The model predicted that B. wallichiana has a narrow distributional range and is rarely found in the Himalaya under current climate. The future model predictions showed a considerable reduction in suitable habitats for B. wallichiana under all climate scenarios; more pronounced under PCP 8.5 for the year 2070. The model also revealed that currently suitable areas are likely to become unsuitable in the future and vice-versa. There is an urgent need to develop an appropriate policy for the conservation and management of B. wallichiana. The present study will contribute significantly to the formulation of appropriate policies for its conservation and management. © 2024 Gebrüder Borntraeger.
Evaluation of farmers’ contentment with climate resilient agricultural technologies in Telangana, India
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2024) Boda Mahesh Naik; A.K. Singh; Saikat Maji; P. Venkatesan; Rohit Shelar
National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) is a flagship project of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) to mitigate climate change in vulnerable districts of India. The present study assessed farmers’ satisfaction with climate-resilient agricultural technologies following their adoption in two vulnerable districts of Telangana, India, identified under the NICRA project. Results showed that most farmers in the Suryapet and Khammam (62.67% and 90.00%) districts of Telangana state expressed high satisfaction with these technologies. Additionally, a significant proportion had a highly favourable perception of the technology promoters (71.33% and 82.00%), high perceived expectations (52.67% and 74.00%), high perceived quality (58.00% and 86.00%), and a high perceived value (68.00% and 84.00%) associated with climateresilient agricultural technologies. Importantly, the vast majority of the farmers in both districts expressed their intent to use these technologies when the need arises. Path analysis revealed that variables like perceived image, perceived expectation, perceived quality and perceived value had a significant direct impact on satisfaction, while there was no indirect effect on behavioural intention. © (2024), (Indian Academy of Sciences). All Rights Reserved.
The Himalayas in the Anthropocene
(Springer Nature, 2024) Abhinav Yadav; Akanksha Singh
This chapter provides an overview of the Himalayas in the Anthropocene era, which is characterized by significant human impacts on the environment. The Himalayas, one of the world’s most ecologically sensitive and biodiverse regions, are facing various environmental challenges, including climate change, deforestation, and land-use change. The chapter reviews the scientific literature on the effects of human activities on the Himalayan region, including the impacts on ecosystems, water resources, and biodiversity. The chapter also discusses the importance of the Himalayas as a global hotspot for biodiversity conservation and the challenges of protecting this unique and fragile ecosystem in the face of growing human demands. The chapter identifies five key themes that characterize the Anthropocene in the Himalayas: (1) climate change, (2) land-use change and forest degradation, (3) water resources and hydrology, (4) biodiversity conservation, and (5) human wellbeing. These themes reflect the interconnected and complex nature of the Himalayas’ challenges and the need for integrated and holistic approaches to address them. The chapter also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and local communities to develop effective strategies for mitigating the impacts of human activities on the Himalayan region. In conclusion, this chapter provides an overview of the challenges facing the Himalayas in the Anthropocene era and highlights the need for integrated approaches to address these challenges. The Himalayas are a critical region for biodiversity conservation and human wellbeing, and it is essential to develop strategies that balance human needs with environmental sustainability. The chapter underscores the importance of interdisciplinary research and collaboration in addressing the Himalayan region’s complex and interconnected challenges. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Assessment of rainfall variability in Ladakh amidst evolving climate
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Richa Singh; R. Bhatla
Ladakh is characterized by a cold desert and fragile ecosystem that is geographically connected to the Western Himalaya and highly susceptible to changing climate. In the current scenario, the region is receiving more extreme rain events, which have disturbed ecosystem balance and triggered disasters like flash floods and landslides. Therefore, a comprehensive study of rainfall patterns over the past 90 years has been done here, which provides insight into climate trends. In this study, the rainfall pattern has been statistically quantified on a tricadal (30-year period) and decadal (10-year period) basis from 1932 to 2021 by using gridded rainfall data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to analyze changes in rainfall in all four seasons, namely pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter, and calculate the trends by using non-parametric tests like Mann–Kendall (MK) and Sen’s slope. The results indicate that certain seasons have seen higher rainfall than others. This study employs the precipitation concentration index (PCI) for rainfall variation estimation, accounting for overlapping time segments. PCI values show uniform and highly concentrated rainfall, which indicates the potential for extreme weather events. The study indicates a decadal shift possibly linked with broader climate cycles along with an increased frequency of extreme rain events. Long-term trends are visible in the tricadal analysis, with increased pre-monsoon rainfall in T1 (1932–1961) and decreased monsoon and post-monsoon rainfall in T2 (1962–1991) and T3 (1992–2021). This study is useful in water resources management, agriculture, and ecosystem services. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024..
Understanding competition between two invasive woody plants of India under an altered rainfall regime
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Ashish Mishra; Prakash Rajak; Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi; Hema Singh
Prosopis juliflora and Leucaena leucocephala are notable examples of invasive woody plants that can spread throughout similar habitats in India. However, little is known about how these two species may interact with one another if future rainfall pattern shifts, which is particularly concerning. Recognizing the pivotal role of eco-physiological parameters in deciphering the dynamics of interspecific competition, a study was devised to elucidate the interplay between L. leucocephala and P. juliflora under simulated rainfall conditions. At Botanical Garden, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India, three fixed rainout shelter plots were established, each receiving distinct precipitation levels: low rainfall (LR), normal rainfall (NR), and high rainfall (HR). Within each plot, three replicate subplots were dedicated to pure stands of L. leucocephala (L), pure stands of P. juliflora (P), and mixed stands of the two species (LP). The findings of the study underscore significant variations in soil Inorganic N, N-mineralization, based on precipitation levels, with maximum values observed in HR plot and L. Similarly, biomass, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate exhibited significant variability in response to precipitation treatment, reaching their highest values in HR plot and L. Conversely, root length, root-shoot ratio, and water use efficiency peaked in LR plot and P, presenting a contrasting trend. This study suggests that L. leucocephala may facilitate the growth of P. juliflora by improving the soil's nitrogen availability and, consequently, the eco-physiological characteristics of the plant in mixed plant stands. Furthermore, L. leucocephala is providing P. juliflora with favourable conditions for robust growth under water stress—a scenario indicative of Facilitative approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
Impact of Climate Change on Zoonotic Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance
(Springer, 2024) Shailendra Yadav; Shipra
Climate change along with infectious disease and antimicrobial resistance are imposing threat to public health globally. Climate change mediates frequent rise in antimicrobial resistance leading to the emergence of zoonotic vectors. Both climate change and AMR contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality and impose burden on the healthcare sector. Overexploitation of antimicrobials in various sectors causes broader dissemination of AMR. Therefore, the application of a holistic "One Health Approach" is required to combat both climate change and antimicrobial resistance. Increasing public awareness about the negative consequences of climate change and antimicrobial resistance is essential. Also, the discovery of new antimicrobials has become the need of the present world. The application of metagenomics has the potential to shed light on microbial community dynamics (taxonomic abundance and predominant biochemical pathways) in response to climate change. The application of modern tools like functional metagenomics has the potential to yield new antimicrobial compounds for combating AMR. © Association of Microbiologists of India 2024.
Sensitivity Analysis of DSSAT CERESWheat Model for Uttar Pradesh for Variations
(Apple Academic Press, 2024) Yogesh Kumar; Shivam Sharma; Sushan Rungta; Anil Kumar Singh; Ganesh B. Gohain; Mahfooz Alam
Plant growth is impacted by variation in atmospheric conditions. The impacts of changes in the climate on the growth and maturation of the plant body may be estimated and assessed using crop simulation models (CSMs). In order to assess the model’s sensitivity to alterations in a variety of climatic parameters, including rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature, DSSAT CSM integrated with a wheat model – CERES (crop environment resource synthesis) was used over four growing seasons (2015-2016 to 2018-2019) for Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh state on three different dates of sowing (DOS) 15th Nov (D1), 22nd Nov (D2) and 29th Nov (D3) with a variety HD2967 (V1). The Sensitivity analysis study showed yield variation due to changes in meteorological parameters. The actual maximum temperature increased by 1.0 °C, 2.0 °C, and 3.0 °C, and decreased by 1.0 °C, 2.0 °C, and 3.0 °C for the whole crop season using the environmental modification field to check the impact on crop yield. The observed yield and crop simulation yield results have less percent deviation on 22nd Nov (D2) as compare the results with 15th Nov (D1) and 29th Nov (D3) for study area and the simulated yield increases with successive increase of maximum temperature and decreases by successive decrease of maximum temperature of wheat crop for Meerut district. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Building Resilient Urban Futures: Adapting Cities to Climate Change Challenges
(Springer, 2024) Anshul Jaiswal; R. Sagar; Aakansha Pandey; Deepankar Yadav; Mohd. Sirazuddin Ansari; Richa Rawat
As urbanization continues to accelerate worldwide, cities face increasing challenges posed by climate change. Urban areas, as hubs of economic, social, and environmental activity, are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including extreme weather events, rising temperatures, and sea-level rise. In response, the concept of urban resilience has emerged as a critical framework for understanding and addressing these challenges. This abstract explores the nexus of urban resilience and climate change, focusing on the strategies, challenges, and opportunities for building resilience in cities. It examines the various dimensions of urban resilience, including infrastructure, governance, social dynamics, and economic systems, and highlights the importance of integrating climate adaptation and mitigation efforts into urban planning and development processes. Key strategies for enhancing urban resilience include investments in green infrastructure, adoption of nature-based solutions, promotion of sustainable urban design and land-use planning, and strengthening of social cohesion and community engagement. However, numerous challenges hinder the implementation of these strategies, such as limited financial resources, institutional barriers, political constraints, and social inequalities. Nevertheless, amidst these challenges lie opportunities for innovation and transformation. Cities have the potential to leverage emerging technologies, harness data-driven approaches, and foster collaboration across sectors and stakeholders to enhance their resilience to climate change. Furthermore, by adopting a holistic and inclusive approach to urban resilience, cities can not only mitigate the impacts of climate change but also create more equitable, sustainable, and livable urban environments for all residents. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

2024

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