2009
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PublicationReview Uses of turmeric in dentistry: An update(2009) T.P. ChaturvediTurmeric has been used for thousands of years as a dye, a flavoring, and a medicinal herb. In India, it has been used traditionally as a remedy for stomach and liver ailments, as well as topically to heal sores. Ancient Indian medicine has touted turmeric as an herb with the ability to provide glow and luster to the skin as well as vigor and vitality to the entire body. Since turmeric has antimicrobial, antioxidant, astringent, and other useful properties, it is quite useful in Dentistry also. The objective of this article is to highlight various uses of turmeric in the dental field along with its use in medical problems.PublicationReview An overview of the corrosion aspect of dental implants (titanium and its alloys)(2009) T.P. ChaturvediTitanium and its alloys are used in dentistry for implants because of its unique combination of chemical, physical, and biological properties. They are used in dentistry in cast and wrought form. The long term presence of corrosion reaction products and ongoing corrosion lead to fractures of the alloy-abutment interface, abutment, or implant body. The combination of stress, corrosion, and bacteria contribute to implant failure. This article highlights a review of the various aspects of corrosion and biocompatibility of dental titanium implants as well as suprastructures. This knowledge will also be helpful in exploring possible research strategies for probing the biological properties of materials.PublicationReview Changes of splanchnic perfusion after applying positive end expiratory pressure in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd, 2009) Suman Sarkar; Prithwis Bhattacharya; Indrajit Kumar; Kruti MandalBackground: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves oxygenation and can prevent ventilator- induced lung injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Nevertheless, PEEP can also induce detrimental effects by its influence on the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of PEEP on gastric mucosal perfusion while applying a protective ventilatory strategy in patients with ARDS. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients were included in the study. A pressure-volume curve was traced and ideal PEEP, defined as lower inflection point + 2cmH2 O, was determined. Gastric tonometry was measured continuously (Tonocap). After baseline measurements, 10, 15 and 20cmH 2 O PEEP and ideal PEEP were applied for 30 min each. By the end of each period, hemodynamics, CO2 gap (gastric minus arterial partial pressures), and ventilatory measurements were taken. Results: PEEP had no effect on CO2 gap (median [range], baseline: 18 [2-30] mmHg; PEEP 10: 18 [0-40] mmHg; PEEP 15: 17 [0-39] mmHg; PEEP 20: 16 [4-39] mmHg; ideal PEEP: 19 [9-39] mmHg; P = 0.19). Cardiac index also remained unchanged (baseline: 4.7 [2.6-6.2] l min1 m2 ; PEEP 10: 4.4 [2.5-7] l min 1 m2 ; PEEP 15: 4.4 [2.2-6.8] l min1 m 2 ; PEEP 20: 4.8 [2.4-6.3] l min1 m2 ; ideal PEEP: 4.9 [2.4-6.3] l min1 m2 ; P = 0.09). Conclusion: PEEP of 10-20 cmH2 O does not affect splanchnic perfusion and is hemodynamically well tolerated in most patients with ARDS, including those receiving inotropic supports.PublicationReview Chemical and functional diversity of natural products from plant associated endophytic fungi(Natural Product Incorporation, 2009) Vijay C. Verma; Ravindra N. Kharwar; Gary A. StrobelThis review describes examples of naturally occurring bioactive compounds obtained from fungal endophytes from various host plants. The main topics addressed are sources, identification, biological activity, biosynthesis, and ecological and chemosystematic significance of those bioactive compounds whose sources were well defined.PublicationReview Recent analytical techniques in detection of poisons in Lab - Review(Medico-Legal Update, 2009) R.K. Chaturvedi; S. Das; K. Animesh; M. PathakThe practical applicability of these techniques are not only limited to detection of poisons and drugs in patient, but has broader domain then these. We can apply same techniques in monitoring purity of drugs & medicine supplied by Pharmaceuticals Company to hospital. If is there any adulteration, then up to what percent it has been adulterated or what is the real constituents of drug (i.e. drug monitoring)? Second role is in environmental toxicology- like detection of heavy metal like arsenic, mercury, lead etc. in drinking water, soils, flora and fauna of that place, and whether food and water resources for us, are free from toxic substances or not ? So, Analytical toxicologist can help in many ways to our society and help in keeping us free from poisons or drugs hazards.PublicationReview Aesthetics of Indian feminist theatre(Tarun Tapas Mukherjee, 2009) Anita SinghThis study addresses a number of Indian feminist plays (both by men and women) that were written and performed in the last century and early years in this century. The paper focus specifically on Indian theatre because of its long established theatre tradition that goes back to 1st century B.C. Ironically in such a country there were hardly any women dramatist to speak of before 19th century. At the core, the belief of a Feminist theatre is in the efficacy of theatre as a tool for conscientization, for critiquing social disparities and for self exploration and expression. Feminist theatre is a source of empowerment; it enables women to speak out. It is at the intersection of art, activism and social relevance and sees theatre as an instrument of real change in women's lives. It is an exploration of women's own unique idiom, their own form, their language and ways of communication. It is a challenge to the established notions of theatre.PublicationReview Methods, potentials, and limitations of gene delivery to regenerate central nervous system cells(DOVE Medical Press Ltd., 2009) Arvind Kumar; Tryambak D. Singh; Santosh K. Singh; Satya PrakashThis review evaluates methods, success and limitations of transgenes delivery in central nervous system (CNS). Both viral and nonviral (such as liposome mediated) methods, expression and stability of transgenes have been discussed. The controlled expression and delivery techniques of transgene at the injured or diseased sites have also been discussed. Mifepristone (RU486) and tetracycline-based switch system for controlled expression could be a very useful tool for clinical purposes. Here we emphasized the importance and consequences of viral- and nonviral-mediated transgenes transfer and therapeutic ability along with advantages of controlled expressions. © 2009 Kumar et al.PublicationReview Blood gas targets(National Neonatology Forum, 2009) Ashok Kumar; Sriparna BasuBlood gas measurements i.e. measurement of the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood, are important parameters for critical care of sick newborns. Oxygen is one of the most commonly used as well as misused drugs in the neonatal intensive care units. Rapidly changing physiology, difficulty in access to arterial sampling sites, and small blood volumes in newborns at times present unique challenges to the treating neonatologist. Studies have shown that the use of supplemental oxygen in neonatal care may result in both significant health care benefits and harms; till date uncertainty remains as to the most appropriate range to target blood oxygen levels in preterm and low birth weight infants. Unnecessary use of oxygen in newborn babies leads to oxidative stress and damage to various organ-systems, particularly lungs, brain and eyes. Preterm newborns are most vulnerable to the toxic effects of oxygen due to their limited antioxidant defenses. There are numerous causes of hypoxia in newborns but there is only one cause of hyperoxia, namely, giving too much oxygen than what is really needed (iatrogenic). It is essential that all health professionals looking after newborn babies are sensitized to the dangers posed by hyperoxia and change their clinical practice to limit oxygen exposure in this vulnerable population.PublicationReview Quaternary evolution of the Ganga River system: New quartz ages and a review of luminescence chronology(2009) Pradeep Srivastava; Uma Kant ShuklaThe Ganga foreland basin is amongst the largest such basins in the world and has recently been studied by several groups. Considerable confusion on the chronology has been created on account of poorly informed interpretations. We review the existing chronological framework and add new luminescence chronometric data from the Ramnagar section along the Ganga River at Varanasi. This section is dated using the Single Aliquot Regeneration (SAR) on quartz. The age data indicated that the (1) sedimentation of this 20 m thick section started prior to 59 ka and continued at least up to 7 ka (2) ages from five samples are in stratigraphic order and confirm the ages given by Srivastava et al. (2003a) from the same section that were derived using Multiple Aliquot Additive Dose (MAAD) protocol on fine-grained feldspars and quartz (3) Quartz palaeodoses derived are as high as 186±11 Gy that can yield to OSL ages of ∼60 ka and this is in contrast to earlier suggestion of an upper bound of ∼35 ka.PublicationReview Understanding the language of vitamin C(2009) Nandini Sarkar; Pramod Kumar Srivastava; Vikash Kumar DubeyVitamin C (L-ascorbate) is a good antioxidant. Because of its water soluble nature it can work both inside and outside the cells to combat free radical damage. It has several applications starting from application in cancer therapeutics to treatment of common cold. Human, primates and guinea pigs can not synthesize this nutrient and must have to take this nutrient with diet. The current review brings together information available about the applications of Vitamin C with emphasis on antioxidant property and application in cancer therapy. The contradicting reports about application of Vitamin C in cancer therapy are also discussed. © 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.