2025

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Biochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Potential of Fruit Tissues: A Comparative Study of Citrus Cultivars Indigenous to Northeast India
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Tridip Kumar Hazarika; Panthor Debbarma; Gregory Malsawmkima; Kalyan Barman; Pinku Chandra Nath
The different fruit tissues of selected Citrus cultivars of northeast India, namely, Citrus macroptera Montr. (hatkora, HK), Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm. f. (Assam lemon, AL), Citrus maxima Burm. (pummelo, PM), Citrus reticulata Blanco (Khasi mandarin, KM), and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Valencia, VC), were subjected to biochemical profiling and quantification of antioxidant potential. Among the cultivars, HK had significantly higher total phenolic content in juice, peel, and pulp, while VC seeds and AL whole fruit had higher total phenolics. Total flavonoid content was higher in HK juice, pulp, and peel. VC exhibited the highest flavonoid content in whole fruit, while AL exhibited the highest in seeds. In the DPPH assay, HK (seeds, whole fruit), PM (pulp, juice), and AL (peel) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. The ability to scavenge ABTS radicals exhibited higher capacity in VC (pulp, juice, and whole fruit), HK (seeds), and KM (peel) in contrast to other cultivars. In the ferric reducing ability, HK seeds resulted in the highest, whereas VC juice resulted in the lowest ability. Among the different tissues of the Citrus cultivars, seeds exhibited the highest ferric reducing capacity, subsequently followed by peels and whole fruit, whereas juice exhibited the lowest reducing capacity. Among the different Citrus cultivars, HK showed considerably greater FRAP values than other Citrus cultivars studied. © © 2025 T. K. Hazarika et al. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Assessing the effect of various nutrient management practices on Mungbean (Vigna radiata) production in Guava (Psidium guajava) based agri-horti system
(Horizon e-Publishing Group, 2025) Visha Jain; Chandra Bhushan; Ayushi Jain; Shivam; Anjali Tiwari; Subhaprada Behera; Vikas Kumar
The field experiment was conducted in the Kharif season spanning 2022-23 to determine the most effective nutrient management practice via foliar application in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in a guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Lalit based agri-horti system. The studies were conducted at Agroforestry Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University campus in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. The guava fruit orchard of size 7x7 m was established in 2007. The orchard had an average height of 5.85 m, canopy diameter of 5.60 m, stem girth of 0.97 cm and crown length of 4.93 m. Mungbean cv. Samrat, a short duration (60-65 days) and yellow mosaic virus resistant variety were used for the study. The plot size was 9 m2 (gross) and 4.80 m2 (net) with an inter-row spacing of 30 cm and an intra-row spacing of 10 cm. The seeds were sown at the rate of 15 kg ha-1. The plants were raised till 64 days and the treatments with different concentrations of recommended fertilizer foliar were given when most of the (80 %) pods turned brown. The results revealed that treatment T₁₀ in which recommended fertilizer dose (18:48:24 kg ha-1 N:P₂O₅: K₂O) along with foliar applications of Nano urea (4 mL L-1), 0.5 % ZnSO₄ and 0.2 % Boron at pre-flowering and pod development stages gave high yield. The plants subjected to this treatment showed significantly low mortality but increased plant height, branching, leaf production, yield and improved economic returns (gross return, net return and benefit-cost ratio). The second most effective treatment was T₉ in which recommended fertilizer dose was supplemented with 0.5 % ZnSO₄ and 0.2 % boron applied twice, at pre-flowering and pod development stages. Integrating optimized fertilization and foliar nutrient applications to enhance mungbean yield while maintaining sustainable practices in agri-horti systems. © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
pH-Dependent discriminative detection of catecholamine neurotransmitters using 4-boronobenzoic acid functionalized plasmonic silver nanoparticles as a colorimetric probe
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Saumya Singh; Kaushal Kumar Upadhyay
Catecholamines constitute an important class of biogenic amines functioning both as hormones and as neurotransmitters. Dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EP) are the main types. Elevated levels of these neurotransmitters in biological fluids are associated with hypertension, headache, palpitations, spontaneous sweating, anxiety, and even panic attacks. Conversely, their significant depletion may lead to conditions such as Parkinson's disease and dementia. Hence, rapid and accurate detection of these catecholamines is essential for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This work describes the first-ever use of a silver nanoparticle-based selective and sensitive protocol for the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EP) in real time. This study explores the behaviour of DA, NE, and EP across a wide pH range (1-14) in the presence and absence of the as-synthesized AgNPs. At the same time, a pH of 9.0 was identified as the optimal pH for their simultaneous detection through three distinct visual color changes supported by UV-Vis measurements. The corresponding limits of detection (LODs) were found to be 92 nM, 93 nM, and 97 nM for DA, NE, and EP, respectively. This approach was further validated by quantifying DA, NE, and EP in their respective injection ampoules as well as spiked blood serum, and the recoveries were found to exceed 90% in all the cases. AgNPs used as the nanosensor were synthesized through a wet chemical approach using 4-formylphenylboronic acid as a stabilizing and reducing agent via Tollen's method at pH 11. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, viz. FTIR, UV-Vis, XPS, HRMS, SEM, TEM, DLS, EDAX, etc. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Assessing the accuracy of different Z-R relationships for Doppler Weather Radar based rainfall estimation: A comparative study for the Delhi region
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) J. Sharma; Arpita Rastogi; Shikha Verma; Gajendra Kumar; Arti K. Choudhary
Z-R relationships are the most used methods for calculating rainfall using radar reflectivity, which provide a relation between the radar reflectivity (Z) to rainfall rate (R). However, different Z-R relationships may yield varying rainfall estimates depending on regional climatic conditions and radar characteristics. This study presents a comparison of various Z-R relationships (Marshall-Palmer (Z = 200R1.6), WSR-88D (Z = 300R1.4), and Rosenfeld tropical (Z = 250R1.2)) for the Delhi radar station for 2019. The study was performed for four seasons (Winter, Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon, and Post-monsoon) as well as for different rainfall intensity (Light, Moderate, and Heavy rain). The accuracy of each relationship was evaluated using statistical variables such as correlation coefficient (R), RMSE, MAE, Bias and NSE. Results indicate significant variability in rainfall estimation across different relationships. The Marshall-Palmer encompasses the best correlation with rain gauge data during the monsoon and post-monsoon, whereas the Rosenfeld Tropical exhibits the strongest correlation for the winter and pre-monsoon. Additionally, Rosenfeld Tropical has a strong correlation for moderate and heavy rainfall intensity, whereas Marshall Palmer offers a satisfactory correlation for light rainfall intensity. However, Marshall-Palmer offers the best performance for the overall dataset with R = 0.623, RMSE of 13.44, and MAE = 10.07, as well as the lowest RMSE for all seasons and rainfall intensity. These findings highlight the significance of selecting a correct Z-R relationship for accurate rainfall estimation in diverse meteorological conditions, and underscore the need for localized calibration of Z-R parameters for enhanced forecasting accuracy in the Delhi region. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd.
Board gender diversity and firm performance: Unveiling the ESG effect
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Muskan Sahu; Waleed M. Alahdal; Dharen Kumar Pandey; Saeed Rabea Baatwah; Mohammed Saleh Bajaher
This study uses a sample of 122 non-financial listed companies in Malaysia from 2016 to 2023 to examine the relationship between board gender diversity (BG) and firm performance (FP), with a focus on the moderating role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance. Using generalized least squares (GLS) estimation, the findings indicate that greater representation of women on corporate boards positively influences firm performance, leading to enhanced FP. Furthermore, ESG performance positively impacts return on equity (ROE) and Tobin's Q. Importantly, ESG performance moderates the relationship between BG and FP, particularly in the context of ROE. The study offers both theoretical and practical insights. It underscores the critical role of fostering transparency in ESG practices and enhancing gender diversity at the board level. These efforts drive better FP and contribute to long-term corporate sustainability. © 2025 The Author(s)
Spatiotemporal characterization of meteorological drought and rainfall variation during El Niño/La Niña event over Bundelkhand region of India
(Springer Nature, 2025) Vijay Shankar Yadav; Ravi Venkatrao Galkate; Veerendra Kumar Chandola; Anoop Kumar Shukla; Samikshya Panda; Satyavati Shukla
This study analyzes the relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and rainfall variability in the Bundelkhand region using the Oceanic Niño Index (Niño 3.4 Index) for the period 1950–2022. Drought monitoring was conducted using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to assess the impact of ENSO on regional drought conditions. Results indicate that El Niño years correspond to a decline in rainfall, with weak and moderate El Niño events leading to deficits of − 38.62 mm and − 21.44 mm, respectively, while strong El Niño years experienced a significant reduction of − 128.8 mm. Conversely, the relationship between La Niña and rainfall is inconsistent, with moderate La Niña years showing a positive anomaly of 66.89 mm, while weak and strong La Niña years resulted in mixed effects, with anomalies of − 17.59 mm and − 56.72 mm, respectively. Spatiotemporal analysis further revealed that drought conditions persisted in Bundelkhand during the La Niña years of 1973 and 2020, highlighting the region’s unique response to ENSO events. These findings emphasize the need for localized climate assessments, as large-scale ENSO trends do not consistently predict rainfall patterns in Bundelkhand region. This study provides valuable insights for drought mitigation and early warning strategies in the region. © The Author(s) 2025.
Role of gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases via microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis and microbiota-centered therapies
(Elsevier, 2025) Parul Kumar Srivastava; Aprajita Singh; Dawesh Prakash Yadav; Gopal Nath; Lilly Ganju
The human gut harbors trillions of microbes, crucial for maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) health. The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the two-way communication between the central and enteric nervous systems, with gut microbiota playing a crucial role. This microbiota creates a complex network that connects the enteric, hepatic, and central nervous systems, known as the microbiota-gut-liver-brain (MGLB) axis. As part of the GBA, the intestinal microbiome aggravates the pathogenesis and progression of metabolic disorders and GI diseases. This chapter will explore the impact of gut microbiota and microbiota-derived compounds on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy, and also focus on the contribution of microbiota-based therapies, including probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and personalized therapies as engineered bacteria and, phages in the treatment of digestive diseases. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..
The soil response in experimental Leucaena leucocephala plots under manipulated rainfall regimes
(Springer, 2025) Ashish Kumar Mishra; Prakash Rajak; Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi; Hema N. Singh
Leucaena leucocephala, a prominent invasive woody plant in India, is constantly recognised for its capacity to invade in various ecosystems. The chances of invasion by L. leucocephala are increasing due to rainfall variability, to which the plant has already adapted. However, the understanding of L. leucocephala, particularly its response to soil attributes and alterations in nutrient cycling processes under varying rainfall conditions, is currently inadequate. In response to the perceived threat of rainfall shift and invasion impacting native plant species through soil modification, the study was designed to investigate the interplay between L. leucocephala invasion and simulated rainfall conditions. The experimental setup included three rainout shelter plots receiving different precipitation levels (low, normal, and high) and subplots within each plot dedicated to pure stands of L. leucocephala. The study findings reveal significant variations in soil inorganic nitrogen and N-mineralization based on precipitation levels and seasons, with the highest values observed in the high rainfall plot and during the rainy season. In contrast, microbial biomass (carbon and nitrogen) peaked in the low rainfall plot and during the summer season, indicating a contrasting trend. The implications of the study suggest that, in addition to variable rainfall, L. leucocephala may play a significant role in altering nutrient cycling, particularly nitrogen cycling. The plant enhances soil properties related to nitrogen availability, creating opportunities for multiple invasions and potentially leading to a chance of “Invasion Meltdown,” with a significant threat to native biodiversity. Overall, the research is emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics to formulate effective management strategies for preserving native ecosystems. © International Society for Tropical Ecology 2025.
The Hox Gene, abdominal-A, controls the size and timely mitotic entry of neural stem cells during CNS patterning in Drosophila
(American Society for Cell Biology, 2025) Papri Das; Smrithi Murthy; Eshan Abbas; Kristin White; Richa Arya
Cell size is strongly correlated with several biological processes, including the cell cycle and growth. Here, we investigated the regulation of stem cell size during Drosophila central nervous system (CNS) development and its association with cell fate. We note that neural stem cells (NSC) in different regions of the ventral nerve cord increase their size at different rates. Thoracic NSCs grow at a faster rate compared with those in the abdominal region during larval development. We show that in addition to the known role in apoptosis and nervous system remodeling, larval expression of abdA is crucial in regulating the rate of postembryonic NSCs size increase, their timely exit from G2 phase and mitotic rate. We demonstrate that when abdA expression is lost in abdominal NSCs, their size increases, they exhibit a shorter G2 phase, enter mitosis earlier, and divide more rapidly. Conversely, the introduction of abdA in thoracic NSCs slows their growth and delays their entry into mitosis. We demonstrate that abdA-mediated NSC size regulation acts downstream of their nutrition-induced activation, thereby fine-tuning the stem cell potential spatiotemporally. This study highlights the instructive role of abdA in regulating various fates of larval NSCs during CNS patterning. © 2025 Das et al.
Causes of death: Findings from Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI), first wave: 2017-18
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2025) Vani Srinivas; Saurabh Singh; M. Madhusudan
Background: As many deaths happen at household level, collecting information from the households can bridge the knowledge gap in causes of mortality. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the causes of death and to determine prevalence of deaths certified by medical professionals as reported by households in India. Material and Methods: We used household survey data of the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI), first wave: 2017–18. We analysed the causes of death as reported by deceased person's household member and categorised them into 4 major causes and analysed the trends of the causes of death for four consecutive years, using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of 66,560 household interviewed across the country, 4440 (6.7 %) households reported death during the study period. We found that Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) were the leading causes of death (43.3%), followed by other causes like ill-defined conditions and symptoms/signs (35.8%), communicable diseases, maternal and neonatal (13%), and injuries (8.2%) related deaths. Overall, 61 % of the reported deaths were medically certified as reported by households. The highest certified deaths were reported by Lakshadweep (93%), Chandigarh (93%), and Kerala (90%), and lowest from Arunachal Pradesh (32%). Conclusion: Our study found NCDs to be the leading causes of deaths in India, among men and women both in rural and urban areas, followed by ill-defined conditions. Prevalence of death certified medically by medical professionals, varied across the country. © Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University.
Neutrosophic Rama Distribution with an Application
(University of New Mexico, 2025) Maya Singh; Gyan Prakash Singh; Isha Singh
This paper introduces the Neutrosophic Rama Distribution (NRD) and explores its statistical properties, including neutrosophic moments, moment functions, and parameter estimation. The Rama distribution, a type of lifetime distribution, is useful for modeling lifetime data under varying hazard conditions, making it valuable in fields such as medical science, mechanical engineering, and industrial applications. In this study, we present the Neutrosophic Rama Distribution along with its key statistical characteristics. Parameter estimation is conducted using the maximum likelihood method, and the properties of the estimator are examined through a simulation study in a neutrosophic environment. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the NRD is demonstrated using a real-life dataset and compared with other neutrosophic models. The comparative analysis indicates that the Neutrosophic Rama Distribution outperforms the selected existing neutrosophic models. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.
The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in regulating cognition and emotion of patients with depression: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Nikapitiye Nandarathana; Jay Kumar Ranjan; Madhubanti Sinha
Background: A number of reviews report the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in the treatment of depressive disorders, however, there is a dearth of qualitative reviews examining the efficacy of MBCT in regulating cognitions and emotions. Objective: To systematically review the efficacy of MBCT in alleviating depressive symptoms, preventing relapse in patients with depression (PWD), and identify the different cognitive and affective factors that influence its effectiveness. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in six electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, JSTOR, Scopus, and Science Direct) up to May 13, 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing MBCT in adults with depressive disorders. We appraised the methodological quality of the included studies using Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2.0. Results: The present systematic review followed the PRISMA guideline, and out of 1151 screened studies, 117 were eligible for full-text review. 17 studies were finally included in this review. All included studies utilized RCTs, comparing MBCT vs treatment as usual (TAU) and one study compares MBCT with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and TAU. The results support that MBCT effectively manages the symptoms of depressive disorders and regulates cognition and emotions. Conclusion: MBCT, when implemented with pharmacological treatment, demonstrates significant efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms, reducing thought rumination, regulating emotions, and enhancing mindfulness. Further, MBCT reduces relapse rates in patients with depression. PROSPERO registration: CRD42024548497 © 2025 The Author(s)
Tagetes erecta (marigold) flower extract in the different solvents used as a capping agent and sensitizer for TiO2 photoanode based DSSC
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Himanshu Patel; Shubham Sh Sharma; Sakshi Singh; Nikhil Srivastav; Yoganand Singh; Ananya Rai; Pankaj Kumar Srivastava
This study utilizes acetonitrile (ACN), DI-water, and hexane as solvents, investigating their extraction efficiency from Tagetes erecta (TE) flowers. The UV–visible spectral study revealed greater absorbance for the hexane extract compared to ACN and DI-water extracts. HR-MS revealed the key constituents present in extracts obtained in different solvents. Functional characterization of TE extracts was carried out using FT-IR studies. DFT calculations highlighted HOMO and LUMO levels along with the role of various key constituents in photoelectron transfer to the TiO2 conduction band. Further, this study explores the utilization of TE flower extracts, focusing on two applications: capping agents for synthesizing TiO2 nanoparticles and natural sensitizers in DSSCs. For the capped TiO2, XRD analyses confirmed the anatase phase. FT-IR spectra showed the functionality of synthesized TiO2 material, and HRTEM analysis indicated a smaller particle size (14.54 nm) for hexane extract-based-capped TiO2. EIS studies revealed that the hexane extract-based device has lower charge transfer resistance and longer electron lifetimes than acetonitrile, DI-water and un-capped samples. DSSC assembled with hexane-extract-based capped-TiO2 demonstrated higher efficiency than its un-capped counterpart. When TE extracts were utilized as a sensitizer, UV–visible spectra of photoanode sensitized by hexane extract exhibited greater light harvesting than ACN and DI-water based extracts. DSSC assembled utilizing hexane-based sensitizers demonstrated higher efficiency, outperforming ACN and DI-water-based sensitizers as well as that of bare TiO2. These findings underline the potential of hexane as an effective solvent for extracting bioactive compounds from TE and its further use as sensitizer dye for TiO2 based DSSC. © 2025 The Authors
Chemical applicability of GQ and QG indices of a graph and their bounds
(Charles Babbage Research Centre, 2025) Shibsankar Das; Virendra Kumar
Topological indices have become an essential tool to investigate theoretical and practical problems in various scientific areas. In chemical graph theory, a significant research work, which is associated with the topological indices, is to deduce the ideal bounds and relationships between known topological indices. Mathematical development of the novel topological index is valid only if the topological index shows a good correlation with the physico-chemical properties of chemical compounds. In this article, the chemical applicability of the novel GQ and QG indices is calibrated over physico-chemical properties of 22 benzenoid hydrocarbons. The GQ and QG indices predict the physico-chemical properties of benzenoid hydrocarbons, significantly. Additionally, this work establishes some mathematical relationships between each of the GQ and QG indices and each of the graph invariants: size, degree sequences, maximum and minimum degrees, and some well-known degree-based topological indices of the graph. © 2025 The Author(s).
Structural and chemical investigation of a tridentate fluorescein hydrazone (LH3), a selective Cu2+ and Hg2+ chelator: detection of CN− and HSO4− by its Cu2+ complexes and effect on HeLa cell division
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Shachendra Kumar Bharti; Keiko Odera; Kamini Tripathi; Benzamin D. Ward; Subrato Bhattacharya; Ryoya Takahashi; Lallan Mishra
A tridentate ligand (LH3) has been synthesized via the condensation of azobenzene (AS) with fluorescein hydrazide (FH). This ligand was fully characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including IR, UV-visible, NMR, and HRMS, and its structure was finally confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Given selective detection of Cu2+ ions by LH3 and a distinctive absorption peak observed at λmax = 501 nm, three distinct Cu2+ complexes, [Cu(LH2)·2H2O]NO3 (1), [Cu(LH2)·H2O]ClO4 (2), and [Cu(LH2)Cl] (3) were synthesized by altering the counter anions and crystallized in a MeOH:DCM mixture. These complexes were also fully characterized using spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV-visible) and X-ray crystallography. These complexes, in turn, detect CN− and HSO4− ions individually in an EtOH : H2O (1 : 1, v/v) mixture. Notably, upon addition of CN− or HSO4−, the peak at 501 nm disappeared, and a new absorption band appeared at λmax = 360 nm or λmax = 398 nm, respectively. Complex 1 also shows significant emission spectrum changes with CN− anions and minor changes with HSO4− anions at λem = 530 nm. The free ligand (LH3) also displayed remarkable selectivity and sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions, with an emission peak response at λem = 540 nm, due to emission enhancement facilitated by ring-opening of the fluorescein spirocyclic ring. The limits of detection of free LH3 for Cu2+ and Hg2+ are mentioned in the article, whereas the limits of detection of its Cu2+ complexes are tabulated in the article. The effect of LH3 on the cell viability and division of HeLa cells has also been investigated, and it was observed that LH3 induced cell death following metaphase arrest. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Un/veiling the Maharani: Autobiography as Medium and Metaphor for Royal Women’s Self-Fashioning in the Indian Princely States
(Routledge, 2025) S. G. Greeshma
This article examines two royal women’s autobiographies—The Autobiography of an Indian Princess (1921) by Sunity Devi and Maharani: The Story of an Indian Princess (1953) by Brinda Devi, queen consorts in the princely states of Cooch Behar and Kapurthala, respectively—to study their employment of the literary genre of autobiography as a site for self-fashioning in the context of the emergent public sphere in India. Locating them at the intersection of multiple historical shifts in the late colonial period, the article aims to trace their negotiations of power through self-fashioning in a socio-political context in which they were both privileged (as royalty) and marginalised (as colonial subjects and women in a patriarchal structure). In doing so, it posits the motif of ‘un/veiling’ as central to the royal women’s autobiographical self-representation and argues how it is metaphorical of the larger act of self-fashioning performed by them in public. © 2024 South Asian Studies Association of Australia.
A survey of Community Detection algorithms and its comparative performance analysis
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2025) Dipika Singh; Rakhi Garg
Community Detection is an important area of research. It finds a variety of applications in Social, Biological networks. Many Community Detection algorithms have been proposed over the years. And many surveys have also been conducted on different approaches of Community Detection. But as more and more algorithms have been proposed over the years, a more updated and complete review is required in this area. In this paper we have tried to accumulate important research in the area of Community Detection from the year 2002 to 2024. We have also discussed important algorithms that have been modified and re-implemented by different authors along with its merits and demerits. Moreover, different metrics for the evaluation of Community Detection algorithms and datasets used are also elaborated. This paper will be beneficial for researchers working in this area to get a latest collection of different Community Detection algorithms along with the approaches used in them. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.
Corrigendum to “Cell cycle dysregulation in cancer” [Pharmacological Reviews 77 (2025) 100030] (Pharmacological Reviews (2025) 77(2), (S0031699724126300), (10.1016/j.pharmr.2024.100030))
(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Antonino Glaviano; Samarendra Kumar Singh; E. Hui Clarissa Lee; Elena Okina; Hiu Yan Lam; Daniela Carbone; E. Premkumar Reddy; Mark J. O'Connor; Andrew Koff; Garima Singh; Justin Stebbing; Gautam Sethi; Karen C. Crasta; Patrizia Diana; Khandan K. Keyomarsi; Michael B. Yaffe; Seth Andrew Wander; Aditya Bardia; Alan Prem Kumar
The authors would like to add a current affiliation for author Justin Stebbing. The following footnote has been added to the original article: Current affiliation (J.S.): School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom. © 2025 American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Prevalence of Different Dengue Serotypes in Northern India, 2021–2022: A Tertiary Care Hospital-Based Study
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2025) Anju Dinkar; Jitendra P. Singh; Pradyot Prakash; Ranjeet Kumar Vishwakarma
Dengue fever is a substantial emerging and reemerging arboviral virus in tropical and subtropical areas that seriously threatens public health worldwide. India is experiencing rising dengue epidemics in urban and rural regions linked to all four serotypes. The objective is to examine the serotypes and genotypes of the circulating dengue virus (DENV) at a tertiary care center in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, from 2020 to 2021. This retrospective cross-sectional observational study involved dengue patients from January 2021 to December 2022. The genetic analysis of the circulating DENV was conducted by amplifying the partial CprM (511-bp) gene using nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by sequencing. Only those positive for NS1 antigen (n 5 581) were included in the study. A total of 204 cases (35.1%) were seropositive, with 96 cases (37.4%) out of 257 in 2021 and 108 cases (33.3%) out of 324 in 2022. With 119 cases (58.3%), men were most affected. The nested RT-PCR for dengue revealed three DENV-1 to DENV-3, except for DENV-4. DENV-2 and DENV-3 were the most predominant serotypes, with 98 (48%) and 94 (46%) cases, respectively. Conversely, DENV-1 was the least prevalent with cases 3 (1.6%). Unfortunately, 35 (17.2%) of the 204 cases died. DENV-2 had the highest mortality rate, with 23 deaths (65.7%). In cases with DENV-3, nine (25.7%) died. This study revealed regional disparities in DENV serotype prevalence in India. If regional differences in the most common serotypes and genotypes are identified early in the season, molecular surveillance may predict major dengue outbreaks and severity. © © 2025 American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Nickel Contamination in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Insights into Impacts, Phytotoxicity Mechanisms, and Remediation Technologies
(Springer, 2025) Umesh Kumar; Indrajeet Kumar; Prince Kumar Singh; Akanksha Dwivedi; Priyanka K. Singh; Saumya Mishra; Chandra Shekhar Seth; Rajesh Kumar Sharma
Nickel (Ni), an essential heavy metal, is transformed from an element with vital functions to a hazardous contaminant within agricultural environments, owing to its extensive utilization across diverse applications, spanning from everyday household items to various industrial processes. Understanding Ni’s bioavailability in soil, associated risks, phytodetoxification processes, and current remediation techniques is crucial for sustainable ecosystem management. Although Ni occurs naturally in very small concentrations in soil, water, and air, its absorption by plants from soil to roots is vital for both activating enzymes and supporting plant growth. Ni plays pivotal roles in numerous physiological functions, including photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and growth regulation. However, excessive Ni can induce toxic effects in plants through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that interferes with their biochemical, physiological, and morphological processes. Eventually, there are only a number of feasible strategies for the mitigation of Ni-polluted soils. The present review critically examines the origins and dynamics of Ni in soil–plant systems and its detrimental effects on plants at morphological, biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels. The review also explores the detoxification mechanisms in higher plants and current remediation technologies for decision-making and sustainable management of Ni contamination in the environment. The review concludes that there is a need of friendly effective and environmentally sustainable technologies for the mitigation of Ni toxicity in terrestrial ecosystems and environmental sustainability. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.