2025

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1,2,3-Triazole-tethered fluoroquinolone analogues with antibacterial potential: synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity investigations
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Upendra Kumar Patel; Alka; Punit Tiwari; Ragini Tilak; Gaurav Joshi; Roshan Kumar; Alka K. Agarwal
The antibacterial efficacy of some newly developed bis- and C3-carboxylic moieties of fluoroquinolone-linked triazole conjugates was studied. Twenty compounds from two different series of triazoles were synthesized using click chemistry and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against a Gram-positive strain, i.e. Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212), and its clinical isolate and a Gram-negative bacterial strain, i.e. Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), and its clinical isolate. Among the compounds, 7, 9a, 9d, 9i, 10(a–d), and 10i showed excellent activity with MIC values of up to 6.25 mg mL−1, whereas the control ciprofloxacin showed MIC values of up to 12.5 mg mL−1 towards the various strains. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against Vero cells (kidney epithelial cells of an African green monkey), and results revealed that compounds 9a, 9c, 10g, 10h, and 10 are toxic. Molecular docking and MD analysis were performed using the protein structure of E. coli DNA gyrase B and further corroborated with an in vitro assay to evaluate the inhibition of DNA gyrase. The analysis revealed that compound 10d was a more potent inhibitor of DNA gyrase compared to ciprofloxacin, which was employed as the positive control. © 2025 The Author(s).
1/ƒ noise in the Ising model
(American Physical Society, 2025) Rahul Chhimpa; Avinash Chand Yadav
We simulate the N-spin critical Ising model on a square lattice using Glauber dynamics and consider the typical one-unit time equal to N single-spin-flip attempts. The divergence of correlation time with the linear extent of the system results in critical slowing down, a challenge to equilibration because the spin configurations generated in such a way are temporally correlated. We examine temporal correlations in the number of accepted spin flips and show a signature of nontrivial long-time correlation of a logarithmically decaying form, or the corresponding power spectral density follows canonical 1/ƒ noise. ©2025 American Physical Society.
18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy Dysregulation in the MPTP/p-Induced Model of Parkinson Disease
(Springer, 2025) Priyanka Kumari Keshri; Aaina Singh Singh Rathore; Richa S. Singh; Hagera Dilnashin; Shekhar Singh; Nitesh Kumar Gupta; Singh Ankit Satyaprakash; Kumud Tiwari; Surya Pratap Singh
Parkinson disease (PD) is marked by a significant reduction in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain. This neuronal loss is accompanied by aggregation of the α-synuclein protein, persistent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and disruption in the autophagy process. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA), an oleanolic acid–type triterpenoid, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and neuroprotective effects. This study is the first to explore the potential neuroprotective effects of 18βGA in a chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/p)–induced mouse model of PD, focusing on the role of ER stress and autophagy and examining the potential underlying mechanisms. MPTP/p-treated mice exhibited impaired motor function and elevated levels of α-synuclein and ER stress markers such as BiP, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (p-IRE1), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor α (p-eIF2α), and C/EBP homologous binding protein (CHOP). It also shows autophagy dysregulation, marked by increased phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (p-JNK-1), Beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II, as well as autophagic vacuoles, and decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and p62. Treatment with 18βGA significantly improved motor performance, reduced α-synuclein accumulation, and restored tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. It also attenuated ER stress markers, including BiP, p-PERK, p-IRE1, p-eIF2α, and CHOP. Moreover, 18βGA normalized autophagy-related alterations by decreasing p-JNK-1, Beclin-1, LC3-II, and autophagic vacuole formation, while increasing BCL-2 and p62 expression. These findings suggest that 18βGA confers neuroprotection by suppressing ER stress (via PERK and IRE1α pathways) and modulating autophagy through the BCL-2/Beclin-1 axis. Thus, 18βGA holds promise as a therapeutic candidate for Parkinson disease. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
2-(Diarylalkyl)aminobenzothiazole derivatives induce autophagy and apoptotic death through SIRT inhibition and P53 activation In MCF7 breast cancer cells
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Venkateswarlu Kojja; Dinesh Srinivas Kumar; Praveen Kumar Kalavagunta; Bhima Bhukya; Anjana Devi Tangutur; Prasanta Kumar Nayak
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are multifunctional proteins that exhibit a wide range of substrate preferences and cellular localizations. They are reliant on NAD+ and are essential for the regulation of several cellular functions. The SIRT proteins play important role towards tumor survival and resistance mechanisms in tumor cells. Therefore, molecules targeting SIRT proteins gained significant recognition in cancer research. In this work, we explored the anticancer property, potential and mode of action of 2-(diarylalkyl)aminobenzothiazole derivatives on MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Our studies established that 2-(diarylalkyl)aminobenzothiazole derivatives 1-((6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (7ab) and 1-((6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)(4-bromophenyl)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (7ba) treatment in a dose dependent manner drastically lowered the cell proliferation in MCF7 cells and the IC50 values of 7ab and 7ba was found to be 11.4 µM and 9.6 µM at 24 hr in these cells. Docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies further revealed that 7ab and 7ba show significant binding with SIRT1 protein. Consistently, treatment with 7ab and 7ba reduced the expression levels of SIRT1 protein while increasing acetylation of p53, a known SIRT protein target in MCF-7 cells. We observed that SIRT1inhibition was associated with activation of p53, an essential protein for apoptotic cell death, in MCF-7 cell lines. Furthermore, 7ab and 7ba treatment induced LC3-II expression and vacuole formation in the cytoplasm leading to autophagic cell death. Our findings together reveal the plausible cellular targets and specificity of these new small molecules as SIRT inhibitors, which increase p53 acetylation and suppress the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by triggering autophagic and apoptotic cell death. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
2D hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets supported with palladium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticle–based electrochemical sensor for the detection of indole- 3-acetic acid
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Jyoti Prajapati; Ashish Gupta; Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Jaya Joshi; Nishi Kumari; I. C. Tiwari
Indole- 3-acetic acid (IAA) plays major role in stress responses and plant defense against pathogens. When a plant is under stress, such as when it is exposed to high temperature or drought conditions, the levels of IAA increases, which triggers a range of responses that helps the plant to cope with the stress. In this study, we developed electrochemical sensor based on nanocomposite of palladium-doped zinc oxide and 2D hexagonal boron nitride (Pd-ZnO/h-BN) for effective electrochemical detection of IAA. The structural and morphological structure of the Pd-ZnO/h-BN nanocomposite was investigated using a variety of characterization techniques, FT-IR, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and chronoamperometry techniques were used for quantitative analysis of IAA. The sensing capability of the Pd-ZnO/h-BN modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for IAA detection was evaluated utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Because of its multiple active sites, rapid charge transfer, and abundance of defects, the Pd-ZnO/h-BN/GCE exhibits a synergetic catalytic impact on IAA oxidation. The suggested electrochemical sensor has a low detection limit (LOD) for IAA is 0.13 µM using DPV and 0.21 µM using CV, good linear ranges (0.5 to 50 µM), and high sensitivity (0.2407 µA cm−2 µM−1). This fabricated sensor shows excellent real time analysis towards IAA in the seedling extract of Vigna radiata and Triticum aestivum. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
2D self-assembly of twisted porphyrins appended on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Varusha Bhardwaj; Varsha K. Singh; Vellaichamy Ganesan; Muniappan Sankar
The spontaneous formation of an ordered array of twisted cobalt(ii) porphyrins yields a 2D self-assembled structure that is then wrapped around multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and characterized using different techniques. The structure of β-tetracyano-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinatocobalt(ii) (2-Co) shows axial ligation of the metal center with cyano groups when it is adsorbed on the nanotube sidewalls, and the nanotube acts as a template for the formation of the framework layer. The electrocatalytic applications of the formed conjugate are explored in terms of the activity and the selectivity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in basic media. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
3D Bioprinting of Liver Tissue
(CRC Press, 2025) Haleema Sabia; Sandhya Sharma; Radha Chaube
Animal models and 2D cell cultures are not accurately simulate human pathophysiology, leading to limitations in drug testing and providing the baseline for the discovery of 3D Bioprinting.The liver is one of the major and complex organs in the human body and liver diseases are among one of the major cause for worldwide morbidity. Patients frequently develop liver failure and other major liver-associated damage and due to a lack of organ donors and postoperative immunological rejection. Unlike 2D cell models, animal models, and organoids, 3D bioprinting may be successfully used to print biological tissues and organs such as blood vessels, bone, kidney, heart, and liver tissues, among others. Bioprinting is based on the idea that a precise arrangement of cells can communicate by sending physiological signals to create functional tissues. It allows scaffolds to mingle with target cells, which are then co-manufactured into desired shapes via computer control. Compared to conventional scaffold-based approaches, marked by limited functionality and complexity, 3D bioprinting can achieve accurate cell settlement, a high resolution, and more efficient usage of biomaterials, better mimicking the complex microstructures of native tissues. This technique will make contributions to disease modelling, drug discovery, and even regenerative medicine. Along with its advantages, it has some limitations, including the requirement of diverse fabrication technologies, the observation of drug dynamic responses under perfusion culture, and the challenge of reproducing the complex hepatic microenvironment . Despite this, 3D bioprinting is still a promising and innovative biofabrication strategy for the creation of artificial multicellular tissues/organs. This chapter emphasizes 3D Bioprinting of the liver. © 2025 P.V. Mohanan.
3D nanocomposites of β-TCP-H3BO3-Cu with improved mechanical and biological performances for bone regeneration applications
(Nature Research, 2025) Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Rajat Kumar Mishra; n. Shweta; Saurabh Kumar; Amreen Shamsad; Shama Parveen; Surajita Sahu; Savita Kumari; Zaireen Fatima; Sachin Kumar Yadav; Monisha Banerjee; Monalisa Mishra; Neeraj Mehta; Chandkiram Gautam
Recently, 3-D porous architecture of the composites play a key role in cell proliferation, bone regeneration, and anticancer activities. The osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of β-TCP allow for the complete repair of numerous bone defects. Herein, β-TCP was synthesized by wet chemical precipitation route, and their 3-D porous composites with H3BO3 and Cu nanoparticles were prepared by the solid-state reaction method with improved mechanical and biological performances. Several characterization techniques have been used to investigate the various characteristics of fabricated porous composites. SEM and TEM studies revealed the porous morphology and hexagonal sheets of the β-TCP for the composite THC8 (82TCP-10H3BO3-8Cu). Moreover, the mechanical study showed excellent compressive strength (188 MPa), a high Young’s modulus (2.84 GPa), and elevated fracture toughness (9.11 MPa.m1/2). An in vitro study by MTT assay on osteoblast (MG-63) cells demonstrated no or minimal cytotoxicity at the higher concentration, 100 µg/ml after 24 h and it was found a more pronounced result at 20 µg/ml on increasing the concentration of Cu nanoparticles after incubating 72 h. The THC12 composite showed the highest antibacterial potency exclusively against B. subtilis. S. pyogene, S. typhi and E. coli. at 10 mg/ml, indicating its potential effectiveness in inhibiting all of these pathogens. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests were also performed on rearing Drosophila melanogaster, and these findings did not detect any trypan blue-positive staining, which further recommended that the existence of composites did not harm the larval gut. Therefore, the fabricated porous composites THC8 and THC12 are suitable for bone regrowth without harming the surrounding cells and protect against bacterial infections. © The Author(s) 2025.
3D Stochastic Simulation of Rockfall Mechanism and Mitigation in the Batseri Zone
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Vishnu Himanshu Ratnam Pandey; Ashutosh Kainthola; Vikas Yadav; Jagadish Kundu; Paolo Mazzanti; Ramesh P. Singh; T. N. Singh
On 25 July 2021, a deadly rockfall at Batseri (Himachal Pradesh), India, killed 9 tourists and completely destroyed a crucial Bailey Bridge. The present study primarily focuses into the geomorphological and engineering geological attributes of the Batseri Rockfall dynamics. Extreme weathering phenomenon, adversely orientated joints, and abnormally high precipitation in the valley might have evoked the doomed incident. The work combines field study, structural analysis, and 3D stochastic assessment to ascertain the triggers, and trajectory of the rockfall. Runout distance, bounce height, kinetic energy, and velocity of the falling blocks with varying geometry and sizes have also been calculated. The results have been used to test the efficiency of rockfall barriers with different configurations and combinations to safeguard the affected strategically important road. These results can aid in mitigating the rockfall damage, effectively and economically. The simulation of potential blocks destroying the Bailey Bridge forms an important section of this research, and will assist in identification of suitable locations for new bridge instalment at Baspa River. Moreover, this work is perhaps the first of its kind to undertake the rigid body stochastic analysis for understanding the rockfall mechanism in such a large scale. The results discussed in the paper will be of use to understand similar events across the Himalayan terrains and develop policy for hazard mitigation. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
50,000 years of evolutionary history of India: Impact on health and disease variation
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Élise Kerdoncuff; Laurits Skov; Nick J. Patterson; Joyita Banerjee; Pranali Yogiraj Khobragade; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti; Avinash Chakrawarty; Prasun Chatterjee; Minakshi Dhar; Monica Gupta; John P. John; Parvaiz A. Koul; Sarabmeet Singh Lehl; Rashmi Ranjan Mohanty; Mekala Padmaja; Arokiasamy Perianayagam; Chhaya Rajguru; Lalit Raghunath Sankhe; Arunansu Talukdar; Mathew Varghese; Sathyanarayana Raju Yadati; Wei Zhao; Yuk Yee Leung; Gerard D. Schellenberg; Yi Zhe Wang; Jennifer A. Smith; Sharmistha Dey; Andrea Ganna; Aparajita Ballav Dey; Sharon L.R. Kardia; Jinkook Lee; Priya G. Moorjani
India has been underrepresented in genomic surveys. We generated whole-genome sequences from 2,762 individuals in India, capturing the genetic diversity across most geographic regions, linguistic groups, and historically underrepresented communities. We find most Indians harbor ancestry primarily from three ancestral groups: South Asian hunter-gatherers, Eurasian Steppe pastoralists, and Neolithic farmers related to Iranian and Central Asian cultures. The extensive homozygosity and identity-by-descent sharing among individuals reflects strong founder events due to a recent shift toward endogamy. We uncover that most of the genetic variation in Indians stems from a single major migration out of Africa that occurred around 50,000 years ago, followed by 1%–2% gene flow from Neanderthals and Denisovans. Notably, Indians exhibit the largest variation and possess the highest amount of population-specific Neanderthal ancestry segments among worldwide groups. Finally, we discuss how this complex evolutionary history has shaped the functional and disease variation on the subcontinent. © 2025 The Authors
6 Diagnostic Techniques and Imaging Modalities
(CRC Press, 2025) Mohd Amir Shafeeque; Dilshad Ahmad; Satya Narayan Sankwar; Noorin Zaidi; Zainab Siddiqui
Precision diagnosis is the new paradigm in oncology. A comprehensive and precise diagnosis is necessary to formulate a treatment plan since colorectal cancer (CRC) is still rather common in young people. Research indicates that 70% of rectal cancers and 30% of CRC are diagnosed with the help of per rectal examination. Several endoscopic evaluations such as sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and proctoscopy are effective techniques for diagnosing CRC. This aids in the tumor localization along with the biopsy for histopathological examination. Besides, there are many non-invasive tests like a stool for occult blood and non-enzymatic tumor markers which help in screening, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and observation of CRC progression. Deep learning is a sub domain of artificial intelligence through which large datasets (radiological images and hematoxylin-eosin stained tissue slides) are processed to develop biomarkers. Nowadays imaging technology data is used to generate quantitative metrics which include the tumor phenotype, intra-tumor heterogeneity, and tumor microenvironment. Such analysis is known as radiomics. Similarly, radiogenomics also uses radiological images and constructs a precision model through deep learning. Additionally, it may be used to detect pre-neoplastic polyps. It is imperative to conduct prospective validation studies in order to identify accurate imaging biomarkers. © 2025 Gowhar Rashid, Deena Elsori, and Rana Ahmed Youness.
6-Benzylaminopurine mediated indirect organogenesis in Sapindus trifoliatus L. through internodal segments
(Springer, 2025) Pooja Asthana; Manoj K. Rai; Uma Jaiswal
The effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), explant orientation and subculturing of callus for different passages on the callus induction and shoot differentiation in a medicinal tree Sapindus trifoliatus L. were investigated. The callus was induced from internodal explants obtained from a mature tree on MS medium containing different PGRs, i.e., 2,4-D, BAP, Kin, and zeatin. However, shoot differentiation from callus was obtained only on a medium containing BAP (0.1–3.0 mg l−1) or higher concentrations of zeatin (3.0 or 5.0 mg l−1). The highest number of shoots was obtained when the callus induced on the medium fortified with 3.0 mg l−1 BAP was transferred to a medium containing a comparatively lower concentration (1.0 mg l−1) of BAP. The orientation of the explant (i.e., horizontal or vertical) did not affect callus initiation and further shoot differentiation significantly. The subculturing of callus for different passages had a pronounced effect on shoot differentiation from the callus. The internodal callus showed 100% response for shoot differentiation and an increase in shoot numbers up to the fourth subculture; but, after that significant decline in response and shoot number. The maximum number of shoots (11.43 ± 0.79) was produced after the subculture up to the fourth passage. Thus, by adopting the approach of harvesting shoots and subculture of the remaining callus for seven passages, an average of 45 shoots per 500 mg callus culture was obtained. Maximum percent rooting in micro shoots was obtained when they were pulse-treated with 0.5 mg l−1 IBA for 24 h and transferred to a full-strength MS medium without auxins. Histological analysis revealed the well-developed apical meristem-like structure with leaf primordia during adventitious shoot bud development. The plants developed through internodal callus were established successfully in soil with a 90% survival rate. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Plant Research 2024.
7th International Conference on Duckweed Research and Applications: Depicting an Era of Advancing Research Translation Toward Practical Applications
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Klaus Juergen Appenroth; Viktor Oláh; Hidehiro Ishizawa; K. Sowjanya Sree
Duckweeds are aquatic monocotyledonous plants known to be the smallest and the fastest growing angiosperms. The 7th International Conference on Duckweed Research and Applications (7th ICDRA) was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 12th to 16th November 2024. The conference drew young and experienced scientists from across the world who presented their research in varied fields. This conference report presents the highlights of the advancements in the field of duckweed research and application in the sections: Genomics and Cell Biology; Diversity, Ecology, Evolution; Physiology, Reproduction, Metabolomics; Microbiome and Interactions; Applications; and Future Outlook. The next conference, 8th ICDRA, will be held in Naples, Italy, in 2026. © 2025 by the authors.
A 2x1 oral care strategy (2% chlorhexidine + 1% sodium bicarbonate) significantly lowers VAP rates in mechanically ventilated CKD patients
(Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS, 2025) Subash Sankaralingam; Arvind Bhalekar; Atul Kumar Singh; Sandeep Loha; Sanjeev Kumar; Aditya Prakash Nayak
Background & objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in the ICU have elevated ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) risk. Chlorhexidine (CHX) oral care is standard, but efficacy may be enhanced by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) to alkalinize the oral environment and inhibit pathogenic colonization. We conducted this study to determine whether combining 2% CHX with 1% NaHCO₃ reduces VAP incidence versus CHX alone in mechanically ventilated CKD patients. Methodology: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 100 CKD patients (18–65 yrs) ventilated > 48 h were randomized to 2% CHX + 1% NaHCO₃ (n = 50) or 2% CHX + saline placebo (n = 50) twice daily for 5 days. Primary outcome: VAP incidence (CPIS ≥ 6 + clinical/radiological criteria). Secondary: oral pH, oropharyngeal colonization, microbiology, ventilation/ICU/hospital stay, mortality. Data analyzed with appropriate parametric/non-parametric tests; P < 0.05 significant. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable. VAP incidence was halved with combination care (16.0% vs 32.0%; P = 0.048), with delayed onset (median 4.5 vs 3.0 days, P = 0.032) and higher Day-5 VAP-free survival (84% vs 68%). Oral pH rose significantly from Day 3 in the intervention arm (Day 5: 7.54 vs 7.29; P = 0.001). Heavy oral colonization was lower, but non-significant. MDRO rates (37.5% vs 56.3%) and carbapenem resistance were reduced. Ventilation duration (6.2 ± 2.1 vs 7.8 ± 2.5 days, P = 0.004) and ICU stay (8.9 ± 3.0 vs 10.5 ± 3.4 days, P = 0.011) were shorter. However, the mortality differences were non-significant. Conclusions: In high-risk CKD ICU patients, adding 1% NaHCO₃ to standard 2% CHX oral care halved VAP incidence, delayed onset, improved oral pH, reduced resistance rates, and shortened ventilation/ICU stays. This simple, low-cost measure warrants incorporation into VAP prevention bundles. © 2025, Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS. All rights reserved.
A 3D field-theoretic model: Discrete duality symmetry
(Academic Press Inc., 2025) Rohit Kumar; Rudra Prakash Malik
We demonstrate the discrete duality symmetry between the Abelian 1-form and 2-form basic gauge fields in the context of a three (2+1)-dimensional (3D) combined system of the field-theoretic model of the free Abelian 1-from and 2-form gauge theories within the framework of Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin (BRST) formalism. The classical gauge-fixed Lagrangian density of this theory is generalized to its quantum counterpart as the BRST and co-BRST invariant Lagrangian density. We show clearly the existence of the off-shell nilpotent (co-)BRST symmetry transformations and establish their intimate connection through a set of underlying discrete duality symmetry transformations in our 3D BRST-quantized theory. We provide the mathematical basis for the existence of the discrete duality symmetry transformations in our theory through the Hodge duality operator (that is defined on the 3D flat Minkowskian spacetime manifold). We briefly mention a bosonic symmetry transformation which is constructed from the anticommutator of the above off-shell nilpotent (co-)BRST symmetry transformations. We lay emphasis on the algebraic structures of the existing continuous and discrete duality symmetry transformations for our 3D BRST-quantized theory (where they are treated as operators). We also comment on the appearance of a pseudo-scalar field (with negative kinetic term). This field happens to be one of the possible candidates for the phantom field of the cosmological models. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.
A 4-valued logic for double Stone algebras
(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Arun Kumar; Neha Gaur; Bisham Dewan
This paper investigates the logical structure of the 4-element chain considered as a double Stone algebra. It has been shown that any element of a double Stone algebra can be identified as monotone ordered triplet of sets. As a consequence, we obtain the 4-valued semantics for the logic LD of double Stone algebras. Furthermore, the rough set semantics of the logic LD is provided by dividing the boundary region (uncertainty) into two disjoint subregions. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
A background for thermal photons in heavy ion collisions
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Satya Ranjan Nayak; Gauri Devi; Bhartendu Kumar Singh
In this work, we present the transverse momentum spectra of prompt and decay photons in Au-Au collisions for sNN= 200 GeV, 62.4 GeV, 39 GeV, and 27 GeV. The major sources of the photons in Angantyr include hard processes, Parton showers, and resonance decay. The multiparton interactions and hadronic rescatterings significantly increase the photon yield. The model shows a good match with the available experimental data at high pT. The difference in yield at low pT suggests that Quark Gluon Plasma of Teff = 0.167 GeV/c in central Au-Au collision at 200 GeV is formed, the new effective temperature is less than the ones extracted without removing background photons. At low pT the decay photon spectra scales with ([Formula presented])1.25, the scaling is independent of collision energy and system size. The scaling no longer holds at high pT and the spectra become beam energy dependent. The scaled pT spectra of p-p and d-Au collisions show an opposite trend at high pT, their scaled yield is greater than the Au-Au collision at the same energy. © 2025 The Author(s)
A Bayes Study of Human Fertility Curve Using Mixture of Two Weibull Densities
(Springer, 2025) Shambhavi Singh; Satyanshu Kumar Upadhyay
The paper considers the use of a mixture of two Weibull densities to represent fertility patterns with a hump or bimodality behaviour, a pattern in fertility that has been noticed by researchers in the last two to three decades. Assuming the births to be distributed as a binomial variate and taking into account the period age-specific fertility rates, the paper relies on the Bayes paradigm to provide the complete posterior analysis. Guided by the results of the proposed mixture of two Weibull densities, the paper then proposes two other mixture models, that is, the mixture of normal and Weibull and the mixture of normal and generalized gamma densities. The Metropolis algorithm with a properly chosen candidate generating density is considered to generate the posterior samples in each case. The unabridged data are used for numerical illustration. Finally, the proposed models are compared to recommend the most appropriate model after establishing the compatibility of the proposed models with the data in hand. The work is, of course, motivated by the earlier studies that overlooked the use of more flexible lifetime models in studying fertility patterns with hump or bimodality and, as such, prompting us to integrate them into our analysis. © The Indian Society for Probability and Statistics (ISPS) 2025.
A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO RELIABILITY ANALYSIS IN THE STRESS-STRENGTH MODEL WITH WEIGHTED EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTIONS CONSIDERING FUZZINESS
(Gnedenko Forum, 2025) Alka Yadav; Satyanshu Kumar Upadhyay
The paper considers a Bayesian approach to the analysis of reliability in a stress-strength model when both stress and strength follow a weighted exponential distribution. The main focus of the paper considers a situation when the available data incorporate fuzziness. The situations when stress and strength distributions have common shape parameters and also when they have different shape and scale parameters are entertained separately. The entire analysis is done using the Bayes paradigm using weak proper priors for the model parameters. Since the resulting posteriors are not available in analytically closed form, the paper uses the recourse of Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation technique. Finally, a numerical illustration is provided based on real data examples. The results are found to be satisfactory. © 2025, Gnedenko Forum. All rights reserved.
A bexarotene-attached Re(i) tricarbonyl complex for NADH oxidation and ROS-mediated cancer phototherapy
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Rajesh Kumar Kushwaha; Virendra Pratap Singh; Biplob Koch; Samya Banerjee
An axially substituted polypyridyl Re(CO)3 complex bearing bexarotene triggered caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS generation and NADH photo-oxidation. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.