2025
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dl.bhu.ac.in/bhuir/handle/123456789/62057
Browse
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
PublicationBook Chapter Integrative Strategies for Climate-Resilient Horticulture(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Aditi Eliza Tirkey; Girish Tantuway; Anwesha Dey; Md Mahtab Rashid; Omesh KumarThe rapidly changing worldwide climate, influenced with detrimental human activities, has significantly affected horticultural crop cultivation. Plant growth, yield, and quality may be severely impacted in stress environments like salinity, low moisture availability, low to high temperature variation, and presence of heavy metal. Living organisms like viruses, fungi, bacteria, insects, vectors, and nematodes may also cause reduction in yield, vigour, and productivity. Crops must modulate metabolism and activate defence mechanisms to cope with such environmental stresses for higher economic produce. A comprehensive understanding of how abiotic and biotic stresses influence horticultural crop growth, along with the mechanisms involved in mitigating these stresses, is crucial for improving crop resilience. Researchers around the world have provided a wide range of mitigation approaches where they suggested that the use of novel bio-stimulant chemicals, antimicrobial peptides, novel phyto-protectants, and PGPR enhances the resilience of crops against the environmental stresses. To understand the responses of fruit crops to stresses, studies must be initiated at the physiological level resulting in knowledge development about signalling, biochemical activities, and plant hormone responses. Additionally, research at all four ‘omics’, i.e. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics level may also be very helpful. Study about the gene regulation under abiotic and biotic stress at transcriptional and translational level may help us better understand the crops response to stresses which may be utilized for developing improved crop genotypes for climate change mitigation. Management strategies include traditional methods like pesticides, plant growth regulators, biocontrol agents, and biostimulants and crop rotation, as well as modern technologies like biological control, integrated pest management, technologies particularly precision agriculture, genomics, MAS, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection (GS), transformation of gene, gene editing, nano-biotechnology, and artificial intelligence based technologies offer innovative stress control solutions and predictive modelling capabilities, thereby reshaping biotic and abiotic stress management by optimizing resource use and early stress detection. This knowledge could help develop new approaches to enhance crop durability and output for sustainable horticulture. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.PublicationBook Chapter Agroforestry: Climate-Smart Agriculture Technique for Semi-Arid Climate(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Alok Kumar Singh; Abhinav Singh; Girish Tantuway; Saurbh Shukla; Anwesha DeyAgroforestry is a multifaceted land use system that integrates trees, crops, and/or livestock on the same unit of land, emerges as a promising solution to deal with the problems caused by climate change in semi-arid climates. With its multiple benefits, agroforestry stands as a cornerstone for bolstering agricultural resilience and fostering environmental sustainability in regions vulnerable to extreme weather events and climate variability. This chapter delineates the paramount significance of agroforestry as a climate-smart agriculture technique tailored to the unique needs of semi-arid landscapes. It seeks to explain agroforestry’s critical role in reducing the effects of climate change while boosting agricultural output and livelihoods by offering a thorough review of its concepts and uses. The chapter highlights the inherent adaptability and resilience of agroforestry systems to climatic pressures through an analysis of diverse systems and their characteristics. This positions agroforestry systems as effective solutions for resolving local agricultural and environmental concerns in semi-arid regions. It also explores the many advantages of climate-smart agroforestry, which include biodiversity preservation, soil moisture retention, carbon sequestration, and economic diversification. The chapter emphasizes the critical role that agroforestry plays in promoting sustainable agricultural practices and boosting the resilience of semi-arid communities by highlighting the synergistic relationship between agroforestry and climate change mitigation/adaptation. In elucidating implementation strategies, the chapter navigates through critical considerations such as site and species selection, integration with agricultural crops and livestock, and management practices geared toward optimizing productivity and sustainability. Additionally, it underscores the indispensable role of policy and institutional support in fostering the widespread adoption of agroforestry, thereby facilitating its integration into mainstream agricultural practices in semi-arid regions. Despite its myriad benefits, the chapter acknowledges the challenges associated with agroforestry adoption in semi-arid climates, ranging from logistical barriers to research gaps. However, it also identifies scaling-up opportunities and outlines future directions for advancing agroforestry as a preeminent climate-smart agriculture technique in semi-arid regions. Through a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge and innovative perspectives, this chapter endeavors to contribute to the advancement of agroforestry as a cornerstone strategy for climate resilience and sustainability in semi-arid climates. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.PublicationBook Chapter Virtual Water Export: Gaining Insights into the Dynamics of Water Economy(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Anwesha Dey; Shiwani Bhadwal; Dharmik Borisagar; Harshita P. Singh; Omprakash Singh; Shubhi PatelWater has traditionally been acknowledged as a fundamental element crucial for survival. Given the present scenario of climate change, which is altering global rainfall patterns, it becomes even more crucial to appreciate the significance of water. The notion of virtual water gained prominence in the late twentieth century, emerging as a significant concept in the realms of water governance and global trade flows. Subsequent years witnessed notable advancements in this field, with numerous researchers quantifying the virtual water or embedded water within agricultural commodities traded among nations. At the core of this idea is the principle that countries facing water deficits should import commodities with high water requirements from nations abundant in water resources. The current study seeks to comprehend the dynamics of the global water economy and the evolution of this concept over time. Additionally, it aims to explore the concept of water footprint and assess India’s position in virtual water trade. The study also delves into the limitations of this concept. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.PublicationBook Chapter Carbon Credit: An Important Tool for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Agriculture Future(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Abhiraj Chaturvedi; Shubhi Patel; Vaishnavi Singh; Anwesha DeyClimate change impacts cause economic and social losses to different dimensions of the humans and environment directly and indirectly. Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emission is the major factor responsible for climate change over the earth's surface. Since the evidence of increased mercury levels, sincere efforts have been taken at national and international levels to combat the emissions with a focus on sustainable development. One way to do this is to switch to green technologies and promote the use of renewable energy, carbon sequestration, etc. The Kyoto Protocol in 1997 served as a milestone in the inception of the carbon market where carbon credits are bought and sold. Carbon credit can be defined as a tradeable certificate or permit representing the right to emit carbon or carbon dioxide equivalent. An entity producing carbon more than the permissible limit can purchase carbon credit from another entity which is involved in practices that deal with carbon removal or reduce carbon emission. Carbon credit has been used as an effective tool to combat climate change through its incentive to promote green technologies i.e. mitigation efforts. Generation and accounting of carbon credit is being done in sectors like agriculture, forest, automobiles, waste management, dairy sector etc. In agriculture sector, the use of innovative solutions, cap and trade systems are some of the ways of generating carbon credits. Carbon financing helps fight climate change by encouraging projects that reduce emissions. The major challenge that is faced in this, is the system of accounting of credits. There are existing methodologies for calculating the credit generated but yet there is need of upgrading, development of new ways of capturing the emissions reduced. This is due to leakages in the systems, inconsistency of accounting and sometime immature closure of the projects. Advances in research can provide better accounting and tracking methods that will make carbon credit one of the robust tool for tackling climate change. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.