2025
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PublicationArticle “Sustainable synthesis of Camellia sinensis-mediated silver nanoparticles (CsAgNP) and their anticancer mechanisms in breast cancer cells”(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Rupen Tamang; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Virendra Pratap Singh; Madaswamy Sona S Muthu; Biplob KochThe present investigation focuses on synthesizing eco-friendly and cost-effective silver nanoparticles (CsAgNP) utilizing Camellia sinensis ethanolic extract (CsE) as a reducing agent and investigating the potential enhancement in its anticancer efficacy as compared to CsE. The CsAgNP formation was confirmed through the color change from pale green to dark brown and further validated using UV–visible spectroscopy in the 400-450 nm range. The optimal CsAgNP synthesis parameters include 1:4 ratio of CsE: 1 mM AgNO3, 60 min of duration and 50 °C reaction temperature. The morphology and the size of nanoparticles were estimated using AFM, SEM and TEM where the results showed a smooth topography with a size <100 nm. The CsAgNP crystalline form was confirmed through SAED pictures and silver's presence confirmed through EDX analysis. FTIR study ascertained the capping agents and distortion in functional groups compared to CsE. The anticancer potency of CsAgNP and crude extract (CsE) was assessed against the T-47D breast cancer cells by MTT assay. CsAgNP displayed strong activity towards T-47D cells (IC50 8 μg/ml) compared to CsE and relatively low activity towards the normal HEK-293 cells. Further, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry data revealed that the CsAgNP promotes apoptosis and also induces G2-M phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, CsAgNP treatment decreases p53 and Bcl-2 protein expression, while increasing Bax, Cytochrome c and Caspase-3 levels, indicating mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway activation. Thus, our research aims to investigate the potential of using Camellia sinensis to synthesize CsAgNP, a potent drug delivery system, to enhance anticancer effectiveness and advance cancer therapy in the future. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.PublicationArticle Synergistic combination of doxorubicin with fisetin for the treatment of lymphoma(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Sumeet Singh; Virendra Pratap Singh; Ranjeet Kumar Singh; Vinita Gouri; Biplob Koch; Mukesh SamantLymphoma is a common cancer of the lymphatic system, and its treatment presents considerable clinical difficulties due to the constraints of existing medicines. Anticancer drug such as Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug that is frequently used to treat lymphoma and other cancers; however, it is linked with considerable toxicities. Fisetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, exhibits anticancer properties and has the potential to augment the therapeutic effects of DOX. This study explores the synergistic effects of combining DOX with fisetin in the treatment of lymphoma. The combination of DOX and fisetin significantly inhibits cell viability, induced membrane blabbing, chromatin condensation, and promoted apoptosis compared to monotherapies. The study also showed that the synergistic effect of fisetin along with DOX significantly promotes apoptosis in DL cells through intracellular ROS generation, mitochondrial aggregation at the periphery of the nucleus and, increased p53, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 3, caspase 9, and cleaved caspase 9 expression. Additionally, combination therapy not only increased the mean survival of the treated group animals but also reduced the tumor burden. While histopathological parameters have shown overall improvement in combination therapy. This study proposes a novel combinational therapy for the treatment of lymphoma and requires further clinical investigation. © 2025PublicationArticle Transferosome-mediated delivery of epigallocatechin three gallate and curcumin: An advanced therapeutic strategy for management of pancreatic cancer and lymphoma model(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Virendra Pratap Singh; Gaurav Mishra; Gurvachan Singh; Anand Anunay; Divyanshi Singh; Biplob Koch; Anurag Kumar TiwariBackground: Cancer remains a major global health issue, with lung cancer accounting for the highest mortality. Pancreatic cancer, more prevalent among men, has a 5-year survival rate of less than 5 %. Continued research into treatment options is crucial to combat pancreatic cancer. Methods: The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of combination therapy with bioactive compounds epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and curcumin (Cur) in pancreatic cancer and lymphoma models. The combination therapy (EGCG+Cur) was delivered via transferosomes (T). In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of various combinations of EGCG and Cur in murine models of pancreatic cancer and T-cell lymphoma. Results: In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that the combination therapy (EGCG+Cur-T) exhibited greater cytotoxicity than lone therapies (EGCG-T, Cur-T, crude EGCG and Cur). Microscopy, flow cytometry and Western blot studies revealed that EGCG+Cur-T (0.5 ± 0.12 µg/mL) effectively increased oxidative stress and promoted apoptosis. Analysis of cell cycle with combination therapy in RIN5 cells revealed effective G0–G1 arrest. EGCG+Cur-T showed greater efficacy than the positive control (cisplatin). Furthermore, in vivo studies reported that the EGCG+Cur-T treatment reduced tumour volume, restored liver architecture and extended murine survival compared with crude drug. Conclusion: This study investigated the potential of combination therapy (EGCG+Cur-T) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in in vitro and in vivo models, highlighting the potential of transferosomes as a promising drug delivery system to improve cancer management. © 2025 Elsevier LtdPublicationArticle Influences of aqua-(2-formylbenzoato) triphenyltin(IV) on regression of hypoxic solid tumor through mitochondrial mediated pathway by inhibiting Hif-1 alpha(Nature Research, 2025) Virendra Pratap Singh; Ranjeet Kumar Singh; Pooja Goswami; Partha Pratim Manna; Tushar S. Basu Baul; Abhijit Mandal; Arvind Kumar R. Singh; Biplob KochTumor hypoxia is the major hindrance behind cancer chemotherapy and the foremost reason for the less effectiveness of most anticancer drugs. We herein inquire into the mechanistic part and therapeutic efficacy of our previously reported compound, aqua-(2-formylbenzoato) triphenyltin (IV) (abbreviated as OTC), in a hypoxic solid tumor-bearing mouse model (BALB/c). In addition to solid tumors, we investigated the therapeutic potential of OTC in intraperitoneal tumor and in in vitro system. Following treatment, mitochondrial dynamics, tumor load regression, survival analysis and histopathological parameters were analyzed. Furthermore, the differential expression levels of cleaved PARP-1, Hif-1α, VEGF and apoptotic genes such as Bax, Bcl-2, p53, and caspase 3 at the mRNA and protein levels were assessed. Our findings demonstrate that OTC significantly induces tumor regression and increased survivability by down regulating the expression of the hypoxia-associated genes Hif-1α and VEGF while elevating the levels of cleaved PARP-1 and p53. In contrast, the commercially available drug doxorubicin was found less effective and failed to respond in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, increased mitochondrial aggregation and membrane permeability and activation of Bax, caspase 3 and caspase-9 and release of Cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane at RNA level confirms the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Therefore, our present findings reveal that newly synthesized OTC potentially induces apoptosis and could be a promising compound against the tumor microenvironment. © The Author(s) 2025.