2025

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Treatment Methods for Food Waste
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Akanksha Dwivedi; Umesh Kumar; Prince Kumar Singh; Priyanka K. Singh; Saumya Mishra; Avanish Prajapati; Rajesh Kumar Sharma; Indrajeet Kumar
The issue of food waste has garnered substantial attention worldwide in the past decade, primarily due to its adverse environmental and health implications. The surge in global population figures and changing dietary habits have been identified as primary drivers behind the escalating levels of food waste production. Within the realm of food waste lie diverse components such as plant scraps, animal waste, leftovers, and spoiled food items. Delving into the scale of food waste generation from local to global contexts, the chapter illuminates its significant environmental and socioeconomic consequences, accentuating the pressing need for decisive interventions to address this critical issue. An array of strategies is explored, spanning from prevention methods like source reduction to recycling and recovery approaches. Conventional techniques such as composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), and incineration are assessed, along with innovative technologies such as microbial fermentation, enzymatic digestion, hydrothermal processing, and advanced thermal conversion, each assessed for their potential contributions. Integration and optimization strategies are deployed to capitalize on synergies and boost treatment efficiency. The chapter also investigates valorization practices for food waste across the globe, presenting an overview of current policy and regulatory frameworks and emphasizing their impacts and potential for enhancement. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the vital role of policy frameworks and stakeholder engagement in cultivating a conducive environment for food waste reduction and management. It advocates for a comprehensive strategy that integrates technological innovations, policy reinforcement, and public participation to address food waste effectively and promote sustainability in food systems. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Heavy metal accumulation, yield and health risk assessment of wheat crop grown in contaminated soil amended with bioash for sustainable agriculture
(Academic Press Inc., 2025) Umesh Kumar; Prince Kumar Singh; Indrajeet Kumar; Rajesh Kumar Sharma
Prolonged use of wastewater irrigation in peri-urban agriculture has increased levels of heavy metals (HMs) in soil, raising concerns regarding both food safety and human health. To address this issue, the effectiveness of agro-waste derived bioashes (ADB), specifically rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), was investigated as soil amendment materials to immobilize HMs in soil and reduce their accumulation in crops. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of RHA and SBA on HM uptake, growth, yield, nutrient quality, and seed metabolite profiles of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. HUW 234) crop grown in HM contaminated soils, along with associated health risks. Results revealed that SBA significantly and effectively reduced Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd accumulation in wheat seeds (13.5 %, 33.8 %, 17.6 %, 7.8 %, and 10.0 %, respectively), more compared to RHA (6.8 %, 16.9 %, 8.8 %, 3.9 %, and 5.0 %) with maximum accumulation in roots followed by shoots and least in seeds. Health risk assessments showed that the estimated daily intake (EDI) of HMs was found highest for Zn and lowest for Cd in both the children and adults consuming wheat seeds, with hazard quotient values above a unit for all the HMs. The present study concludes that SBA could be effectively used as a superior soil amendment to reduce HM toxicity in soil-wheat system, associated human health risks and to promote sustainable agriculture in peri-urban areas. © 2024

2025

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