2025

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

miRNA-Targeted Vaccines: A Promising Approach for Viral Attenuation and Immunogenicity Enhancement
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2025) Abhijit Debnath; Rupa Mazumder; Avijit Mazumder; Soumya Tripathi; Arpita Dua; Rajesh Kumar Singh; Saloni Mangal; Jahanvi Sanchitra; Pratibha Pandey; Biplab Pal; Hema Chaudhary; Parul Sharma; Shikha Srivastava
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a significant tool in the realm of vaccinology, offering novel approaches to vaccine development. This study investigates the potential of miRNAs in the development of advanced vaccines, with an emphasis on how they regulate immune response and control viral replication. We go over the molecular features of miRNAs, such as their capacity to direct post-transcriptional regulation toward mRNAs, hence regulating the expression of genes in diverse tissues and cells. This property is harnessed to develop live attenuated vaccines that are tissue-specific, enhancing safety and immunogenicity. The review highlights recent advancements in using miRNA-targeted vaccines against viruses like influenza, poliovirus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus, demonstrating their attenuated replication in specific tissues while retaining immunogenicity. We also explored the function of miRNAs in the biology of cancer, highlighting their potential to develop cancer vaccines through targeting miRNAs that are overexpressed in tumor cells. The difficulties in developing miRNA vaccines are also covered in this work, including delivery, stability, off-target effects, and the requirement for individualized cancer treatment plans. We wrap off by discussing the potential of miRNA vaccines and highlighting how they will influence the development of vaccination techniques for cancer and infectious diseases in the future. © 2025 Bentham Science Publishers.
TRIM71 bound hsa-miR-30b-5p restores mitochondrial function in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease
(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Shanikumar Goyani; Shatakshi Shukla; M. V. Saranga; Minal Mane; Nisha Chandak; Jyoti Singh; Pooja Jadiya; Dhanendra Tomar; Rajesh Kumar Singh
Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-associated RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a key role in RNA stability and translation, which have also been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). TRIM71, RING E3 Ligase, is known for its RNA-binding ability and transient interactions with mitochondrial surface. However miRNA binding and resulting effects on mitochondrial function and apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons, and their implications in PD pathogenesis have not yet been investigated. Here, we identified that TRIM71 binds to several miRNAs including miR-30b-5p on mitochondria of SH-SY5Y cells. The expression of miR-30b-5p is significantly increased in the presence of rotenone and reduced in the presence of 6-OHDA. The predicted gene targets of miR-30b-5p show specific networks involved in mitochondrial functions and apoptosis, including CASP3, BCL2, and BCL2L11, prominently associated with PD. The expression of miR-30b-5p decreased Caspase-3 levels in PD stress conditions, validating CASP3 as target mRNA. The expression of miR-30b-5p improved mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity under PD stress conditions. miR-30b-5p also enhanced the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as well as the glycolytic capacity and reserve PD stress conditions. Furthermore, the co-expression of miR-30b-5p with TRIM71 rescued TRIM71-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis, indicating a neuroprotective role. Together, these findings highlight that TRIM71-bound miR-30b-5p enhances mitochondrial function and attenuates apoptosis in PD stress conditions. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.
Identification and characterization of Eco-miR 169-EcNF-YA13 gene regulatory network reveal their role in conferring tolerance to dehydration and salinity stress in finger millet
(Nature Research, 2025) Varsha Rani; Sumi Rana; Mehanathan Muthamilarasan; Dinesh Chandra Joshi; Ramwant Kumar Gupta; Rajesh Kumar Singh; D. L. Yadav
The finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) genome, comprised 166 conserved microRNAs (miRNAs) belonging to 39 families and three novel miRNAs. The miR169 is one of the most conserved miRNA families, while Eco_N1 is a species-specific miRNA prevalent in finger millet. Its members regulate the expression of genes encoding the Nuclear Factor-Y subunit A (NF-YA) via transcript cleavage. However, the role of miRNA genes in regulating the expression of NF-YA transcription factors in finger millet needs to be deciphered. The present study characterized 166 conserved and novel miRNAs (Eco_N1, Eco_N2 and Eco_N3). Further, secondary structures were predicted, and the potential miR genes targeting the NF-YA transcription factors regulating abiotic stress tolerance were analysed. Twenty-three Eco-miR169 members and one Eco_N1 miRNA targeting EcNF-YA13 were identified in the finger millet genome. The presence of relevant cis-elements such as ABRE (abscisic acid-responsive elements), DRE (dehydration-responsive element), and MYB (myeloblastosis) indicates that the target of Eco-miR169 might be involved in abiotic stress responses. The tissue-specific RNA-seq transcriptomic expression pattern of Eco-miR169 showed variable fold of expression in seedlings compared to the control. At the same time, the expression of EcNF-YA13 (target genes of Eco-miR169 members and Eco_N1) presented a downregulated trend under salinity and dehydration conditions compared to the control. Tissue-specific RNA-seq followed by expression analysis confirmed the antagonistic effect of Eco-miR genes on EcNF-YA13. In a nutshell, the results of this study could be utilized as a platform for further exploration and characterization of finger millet Eco-miR169-EcNF-YA13gene regulatory network. © The Author(s) 2025.

2025

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