2025
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PublicationBook Wild Vegetables: Morphology, Phytochemistry and Utility(Bentham Science Publishers, 2025) Ganesh C. Nikalje; Apurva Chonde; S. Srivastava; Penna SuprasannaWild Vegetables: Morphology, Phytochemistry and Utility – Part 2 offers a detailed account of around 120 wild vegetable species, primarily from the biodiversity-rich Western Ghats of India. The book highlights their botanical characteristics, phytochemical makeup, traditional uses, and nutritional value. Covering families from Fabaceae to Zygophyllaceae, it provides an alphabetically organized reference that bridges traditional knowledge with modern scientific insights. This volume emphasizes the importance of conserving and reintroducing these forgotten plants into diets and agricultural systems. Aimed at both academic and general audiences, the book encourages the appreciation and utilization of underused plant resources. Key Features: - Provides detailed documentation of the morphology, phytochemistry, and uses of approximately 120 wild vegetable species, organized alphabetically by plant family. - Ethnobotanical insights with medicinal and culinary uses - Focus on the Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot - Organized by plant family for easy reference - This part covers 27 families from Fabaceae to Zygophyllaceae. © 2025, Bentham Books imprint. All Rights Reserved.PublicationArticle Influence of Silicon Supplementation on Growth, Immunity, Antioxidant, Hormonal Profile and Bone Health Biomarkers in Pre-ruminant Crossbred Calves(Springer, 2025) Lamella Ojha; Raman K. Malik; Veena Mani; Abhishek Kumar Singh; Manpreet SinghSilicon (Si), a newer trace element, is believed to be important for healthy bone formation and to decrease bone resorption, improving the quality of bone by manipulating several hormones and enzymes. Therefore, the current investigation was conducted to determine the impact of Si supplementation on growth, immunity, antioxidant, hormonal profile and biomarkers of bone health in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Twenty-four crossbred calves (5–7 days) were selected on the basis of their body weight (BW 31.65 ± 0.46 kg) and divided into 4 groups (n = 6) and fed as per ICAR (2013) feeding standards except that these were additionally supplemented with 0 (Si0), 50 (Si50), 100 (Si100) and 150 (Si150) mg of Si/kg dry matter (DM) in four respective groups for 90 days. Every month, peripheral blood samples were drawn (0, 30, 60 and 90 days post supplementing with Si) and analysed for antioxidant status, hormonal profile and bone health biomarkers. It is reported that dietary Si supplementation improved (P < 0.05) net body weight gain (kg), average daily gain (g) and average dry matter intake (kg), whereas feed intake (kg/100 kg BW), was not altered due to Si supplementation. Structural growth measurements were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Si100 and Si150 groups as compared to Si50 and control groups. However, immune response (humoral as well as cell-mediated immunity), erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD, glutathione peroxidase, GPx and catalase), plasma ferric reducing total antioxidant power (FRAP) activity and the plasma concentration of total immunoglobulins (TIg) remained unaffected by Si supplementation. Silicon increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of plasma growth hormone (GH), vitamin D3, bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) in Si100 and Si150 groups, but the levels of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hydroxyproline (HYP) remained similar among all the groups. As a result of the current investigation, it can be inferred that the inclusion of 100 and 150 mg of Si/kg DM was effective in improving the growth performance, growth hormone, vitamin D3 and bone health status in pre-ruminant calves. However, supplementation of 150 mg of Si/kg DM had no additional benefit; therefore 100 mg of Si/kg DM is the optimum level of Si supplementation in pre-ruminant calves. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.PublicationArticle A study on red potato peel (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Red Holland): characterization, composition and formulation of tablet using different drying techniques(Springer, 2025) Divya Tripathi; Muskan Kumari; Anil Kumar Chauhan; Dinesh Kumar; Madhukiran R. DhondalePotato peels are one of the most under-utilized wastes which can be highly beneficial to mankind. The red potato peel powder was prepared by using tray drying and vacuum-oven drying method. The proximate analysis of red potato peel powder was conducted followed by its characterization which includes FT-IR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and SEM. Bioactive compounds were then extracted from the peel using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The qualitative estimation for tray-dried potato peel powder and vacuum-oven potato peel powder suggested that the drying techniques have a substantial effect on the bioactive compounds. The values obtained for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH for both samples showed that red potato peel powder is a rich source of antioxidants. The pre-compression properties results indicated that neither of the potato peel powders exhibited ‘Excellent’ flow characteristics. However, the addition of croscarmellose sodium improved the flow characteristics, making it feasible to create a tablet from the peel itself. This study highlights the potential of potato peels, a waste product, as a source of valuable bioactive compounds. Thus, it can be utilized in formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals; promoting sustainability and value addition in the food processing industry. © Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2024.PublicationArticle Enhancing salicylic acid levels by its exogenous pretreatment to mitigate Fusarium oxysporum-induced biotic stress in Vigna mungo: defense pathways insights(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Lucky Duhan; Deepak Kumar; Ritu PasrijaKey message: Fusarium oxysporum disrupts redox homeostasis in Vigna mungo, likely by interfering with salicylic acid signaling, which can be ameliorated by boosting PAL and its related pathways via salicylic acid pretreatment. Abstract: Fusarium oxysporum, a widespread soil-borne fungus, significantly threatens global crops. This study centers on elucidating the infection strategies employed by F. oxysporum against a new and underexplored host Vigna mungo, a leguminous crop of high agronomic value, and the defense mechanisms that can be activated against the infection, aiming to uncover how these responses can be leveraged to develop potential countermeasures. Building on prior work demonstrating the in vitro antifungal efficacy of phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), this study further investigates SA pretreatment at 100 µM, which previously reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improved germination under Fusarium stress. Through a comprehensive analysis of V. mungo plants pretreated with SA and subjected to F. oxysporum infection, we observed that fungal exposure reduced growth, chlorophyll content, and levels of proteins, phenolics and flavonoids, while increasing stress markers and antioxidant activity. SA pretreatment mitigated these effects by boosting antioxidant molecules and activating the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathway, thereby enhancing endogenous SA and ROS scavenging. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed SA-mediated upregulation of antioxidant (catalase and peroxidase), fungal stress response genes ((pathogenesis-related gene 4 (PR4) and defensin (DEF)) and SA synthesis and regulator genes (PAL and WRKY70) involved in plant systemic resistance, while LC–MS data revealed an altered metabolic profile with increased phytoalexins and antioxidants synthesis. Overall, SA pretreatment confers resistance against F. oxysporum in V. mungo by modulating endogenous SA and metabolic profile to activate key defense pathways and redox homeostasis, highlighting its potential in plant defense strategies and reinforcing our proposed model of SA action. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.PublicationBook Chapter Biopolymers in Active Food Packaging: Current Landscape and Future Directions(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Anirudh Singh Bhathiwal; Harish Kumar Sharma; Geetanjali Yadav; N. Raghav; B. AnjaneyuluFourth-generation biopolymers, the most recent advancement in packaging, are becoming increasingly in demand for food packaging because of their effectiveness, biodegradability, and non-contaminating qualities when in contact with food. Biomass, biological monomers, and persistent microbes are direct sources of these biopolymers. The affordability of the ingredients needed as raw materials to produce these biopolymers, some of which come from industrial and agricultural waste, is one of the economic benefits. Plant-based protein biopolymers are notable for their exceptional mechanical properties and gas permeability. The literature on the use of biopolymers made from biomass, such as proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides, in food packaging is covered in this chapter, emphasizing their antibacterial and antioxidant qualities. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.PublicationArticle Process optimization for development of black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. Sativus Var. Atrorubens alef) wine with improved sensorial and physicochemical attributes(Springer, 2025) Pratikshya Oli Chhetri; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Alisha Nandan; Parmjit S. Panesar; Aparna AgarwalFruits and vegetables are vital to our dietary intake, providing essential vitamins and minerals, crucial for overall health and well-being. This study investigated the feasibility of producing wine from black carrots, a fruit rich in polyphenols. The physicochemical properties of black carrot juice were analyzed, and its fermentation process using Brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was evaluated. The quality of the resulting black carrot wine was assessed. A comprehensive evaluation encompassing physicochemical and sensory characteristics was conducted over intervals of 0, 7, and 14 days, with eight samples (T1-T8) subjected to varying Total Soluble Solids (TSS) levels and inoculum sizes. TSS levels were kept at 16, 18, 20, and 22° Brix with 5% and 10% yeast inoculum sizes. Physicochemical parameters including pH, TSS, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, DPPH (antioxidant) activity, TPC (Total Phenolic Content), and TFC (Total Flavonoid Content) were assessed. Sensory analysis involved fifteen semi-trained panel judges. Volatile compounds such as 1,2-propanediol, hexane-1-ol, hexanoic acid, ethyl ester, dodecanoic acid,3-hydroxy, acetic acid, etc. were analyzed via GC–MS ion chromatogram. Following chemical analysis and sensory evaluation across different trials of black carrot wine, trial T5 (TSS: 20 oBrix, inoculum size: 5% v/v) emerged as the ideal choice. Thus, black carrot can be successfully used to produce wine. © Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2025.PublicationArticle Antiproliferative Effects of Methanolic Fruit Extract of Solanum xenthocarpum (L.) on Human Breast Cancer Cells(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Saumya Maurya; Kumari Swati; S. Suvetha; Mayukh Ghosh; Pavan Kumar YadavSolanum xanthocarpum, a perennial herb native to India, contains steroidal glycoalkaloids with notable anticancer properties. This study investigated the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of methanolic fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum on human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Phytochemical screening and LC-HRMS analysis confirmed presence of various primary and secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power, and phosphomolybdate assays. The extract demonstrated significant antioxidant potential with EC50 values of 60.10±0.88 μg/mL (DPPH) and 392.29±3.93 μg/mL (ABTS). Cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated via morphological analysis, MTT assays, and IC50 determination (24.19±0.56 μg/L). Apoptosis was confirmed using dual staining techniques (AO/EB, Hoechst 33342/PI, DAPI), revealing condensed nuclei, apoptotic bodies, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, as indicated by Rhodamine staining. Additionally, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were observed using H2-DCF-DA staining. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were 127.78±3.547 mg GAE/g and 98.06±4.289 mg QE/g, respectively. These findings suggest that the methanolic fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum possesses strong antioxidant and anticancer activities, indicating its potential role in cancer treatment. Further studies are warranted to explore its bioactive compounds for developing novel anticancer therapies. © 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.PublicationArticle Phytochemical and toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Premna integrifolia L. in male balb/c mice(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Suman; Pratibha Gaurav; Rajesh Saini; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Geeta J. GautamBackground: Phytoconstituents present in plants provide a natural and comprehensive method for combating oxidative stress and various ailments. Safety evaluation of these herbal medications is necessary, so acute and sub-acute toxicity of plant leaf extract Premna integrifolia has been performed to standardize its dose regarding its therapeutic application in male fertility. Purpose: Toxicological evaluation Aqueous leaf extract of Premna integrifolia (ALEPI), a known herbal medicine, for its utilization in male fertility enhancement use. Study design and methods: To assess the safety and pharmacological potential of the ALEPI, acute and subacute toxicity studies were carried out in compliance with the OECD guidelines No. 425 and 407, respectively. Identification of pharmacologically active compounds in ALEPI was performed using UHPLC-HRMS analysis. In vitro, estimation of Polyphenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, saponins and Antioxidant Properties of ALEPI was performed. The oral acute toxicity of the ALEPI was conducted using male mice. The study involved administering single doses of ALEPI at 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg b.wt., followed by a fourteen-day observation period to monitor any signs of toxicity or adverse effects. In the oral subacute toxicity study, mice received daily oral gavage of the ALEPI at doses of 400, 800, and 1000 mg/kg b.wt. for twenty-eight days. The parameters studied included total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, cell viability percentage, and cellular morphology. Results: The UHPLC-HRMS analysis of the ALEPI reveals the presence of various bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The acute and subacute toxicity studies of the ALEPI provided a comprehensive evaluation of its safety profile. Both studies demonstrated no mortality and only minor alterations in relative organ weights, hematology, and serum biochemistry, suggesting a low toxicity profile. Additionally, the normal histoarchitecture of vital organs indicates the absence of significant morphological changes. Significant reduction in total ROS, necrosis percentage, and apoptosis in testicular tissue compared to the control group highlights the antioxidant properties of the extract. Conclusion: Based on the findings from both the acute and subacute toxicity studies, it is evident that the ALEPI does not actuate adverse effects of toxicological significance at the tested doses and hence can be used at appropriate concentrations in therapeutic application. © 2024 The Author(s)PublicationArticle Synthesis, optimization, characterization, anti-oxidant and anti-cancerous activity analysis of nanoparticles IA-AuNPs synthesized using leaf extract of soil grown Ipomoea aquatica(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Avinash Kumar Chaurasia; Ritika Kumari Singh; Arvind P. KumarThe synthesis and characterization of Ipomoea aquatica herbal extract gold nanoparticles (IA-AuNPs) are of great interest due to their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Current study reflects simplest procedure to synthesize IA-AuNPs. Its MTT and cytotoxicity assay was evaluated in HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 69.62 ± 5 µg/ml after 24 h of incubation. Apoptosis was done using ROS/, MMP and live-dead cell examination using AO/EtBr staining. In spectrophotometric analysis a single peak was observed at 542 nm which represents the SPR absorption band of gold nanoparticles. The IA-AuNPs were spherical with 5–40 nm size, with an average size of 10 nm, based on HR-TEM and HR-SEM. The existence of gold in IA-AuNPs was confirmed by EDX data. FTIR confirmed presence of various bioactive compounds in IA-AuNPs, with peaks at 3344cm−1, 2897cm−1, 2168cm−1, 1765cm−1, 1640cm−1, and 1275cm−1 corresponding to the-OH group and stretches of C–H, C = H, C = O, and C–O, respectively. At pH9 and 5Msalt concentration, significant stability of IA-AuNPs was observed. The zeta (ζ) potential value of IA-AuNPs at 25 °C and pH9 was -37.7 mV, showing its good quality and greater stability compared to pH6 and pH7 having zeta (ζ) potential value of -13.1 mV and -20.2 mV respectively. IA-AuNPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and ROS/MMP mediated apoptosis assay. DPPH radical scavenging activities was measured at 517 nm in respect to ascorbic acid in which IA-AuNPs exhibited stronger antioxidant properties than plant extract. Overall, our results suggested that IA-AuNPs have anticancer/ antioxidant properties that may be useful for the treatment of hepatic cancer as future drug. © 2024PublicationArticle Formulation and quality attributes of nutrient-enriched black wheat rusks(Academic Press, 2025) Rajshree Devpal; Tarun S. Verma; Ankur Aggarwal; Rohit SharmaThe incorporation of biofortified colored wheat particularly black wheat (BW) into bakery products has gained attention due to increasing consumer demand for healthier snack options. This study investigated the development and evaluation of black wheat rusk focusing on its physical attributes, nutritional content, functional properties, and sensory acceptance and storage stability. Black wheat rusks showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) energy content, carbohydrates, protein, and fiber compared to conventional rusks. They exhibited enhanced functional properties, including increased DPPH inhibitory activity and total phenolic content. Black wheat rusks also contained higher levels of essential minerals like iron, zinc and potassium. Sensory evaluation revealed significant variations (p < 0.05) in hardness, texture, and overall acceptability. Black wheat rusks displayed darker coloration, increased loaf weight and hardness, but decreased loaf volume. Rusks remained microbiologically stable for 80 days at 25 °C when packaged in polyethylene bags. Black wheat can successfully produce bakery rusks with enhanced nutritional value and unique sensory characteristics, offering a healthier snack alternative that meets consumer demand for nutritious bakery products. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
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