2025

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Recent Developments in Nanotechnology-Based Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
(CRC Press, 2025) Harsh Yadav; P. Subash; Satish Dubey; Anand Prakash Maurya; Ramu Singh; Sabyasachi Maiti
Alzheimer's disease (AD) seems to be a neurodegenerative disease that strikes people of any age. Loss of recent memory, thinking, problem-solving, and reasoning skills is the first sign of a slow decline in brain function. Alzheimer's disease has a significant economic impact, affecting around 37 million individuals worldwide. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease is influenced by plaques of aggregated-ß amyloid (Aß) and synaptotoxic Aß, as well as tau phosphorylation, which results in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Existing Alzheimer's drugs might help reduce symptoms and improve life for people with the disease. However, they have failed horribly at stopping the disease from worsening and making it curable. Also, the blood-brain barrier, which surrounds the CNS, makes it hard to get drugs to the nervous system to treat AD, which lowers the therapeutic bioavailability. Many nanoparticle technologies can get around these problems and get the medicine to the CNS. The goal of this chapter is to summarize and spotlight recent advances in nanotechnology-based therapies and what they mean for treating Alzheimer’s. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Vaishali Manikrao Patil, Dileep Kumar, Neeraj Masand; individual chapters, the contributors.
Strategies of Rhizospheric Microbes in Heavy Metal Management and Remediation
(CRC Press, 2025) Debamalla Pathak; Prabha Toppo; Piyush Mathur
Extensive industrialization has led to a prominent increase in the levels of numerous heavy metals (HMs) in both terrestrial and aquatic environment. These HMs have caused widespread damage to agriculture through extreme crop production loss and decreased food quality. Most major crops are now facing a serious threat due to these HMs as seeds, fruits, and other edible parts are now showing high traces of these HMs. At the same time, these HMs decrease soil nutrient concentration, lower plant growth, and accumulate in roots and shoots, etc. To deal with the HMs’ stress, rhizospheric microbes have been found to play a profound role and maintain soil health. Endophytes constitute the largest group of microbes that are found associated internally within the plant tissues and have symbiotic associations with their host plant tissues. These endophytes have gained considerable attention in ameliorating plant stress in recent decades and offer a bio-based sustainable strategy for removing heavy metal contamination from soil. One of the prominent examples of rhizospheric microbe is plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) that stimulate plant growth and development in the presence of HMs in soil. Another class of important rhizospheric microbes are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or AM fungi that notably provides plant protection from the negative effects of different abiotic stress, including HMs. AMF is known to augment P-uptake from soil and secrete the number of low molecular weight protein that help in HM sequesteration. The present chapter will highlight the significant application of these rhizospheric microorganisms in HM tolerance and mitigation in different plants. Additionally, the chapter also provide a discussion on different mechanisms by which these rhizospheric microorganisms help in HM detoxification and improve plant growth and development. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Piyush Mathur and Soumya Mukherjee; individual chapters, the contributors.
Efficacy of Microbes in the Removal of Pesticides from Watershed System
(wiley, 2025) Prasann Kumar; Debjani Choudhury; Padmanabh Dwivedi
Due to the excessive use of pesticides in modern agriculture, the levels of pesticides in water have increased. These effluents move to different water streams and increase pollution in watersheds. A suitable water treatment method must be chosen for the removal of pesticides depending on the type of pesticide and the efficacy of the process of treatment. This chapter provides a detailed description of the widespread application of chemicals, Mechanism and molecular advancement of pesticide degradation, biochemistry in pesticide degradation, distribution and concentration of pesticides in different watersheds, and various remediation through biological pathways are mentioned. A detailed description of multi-omic approaches and system biology is mentioned. The recognition of the best pesticidal removal techniques is very important in order to design a water treatment plant that removes the maximum amount of different types of pesticides from different water sources. © 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC.
Contribution of Nanotechnology in Shaping Sustainable Textile Design and Future Fashion Trends
(wiley, 2025) Shilpi Shree Sahay; Prashansa Sharma; Amisha Singh
The genesis of cutting-edge explorations and discoveries in the field of nanotechnology has opened up new possibilities for the fabrication of multi-functional features in textiles. Nanotechnology, which operates at a scale millions of times smaller than a millimeter, offers the ability to manipulate molecules and introduce new functionalities to textiles, thereby revolutionizing the textile industry and paving the way for sustainable future fashion. The textile industry has long needed revolutionary materials that can enhance the performance and efficiency of fabrics [31]. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising solution by exerting a profound impact on the inherent properties of textile materials [26]. This has captured the interest of scientists and researchers, making nanotechnology an incredibly fascinating field of study. One of the key advantages of nanotechnology in textiles is its ability to significantly increase the surface area-to-volume ratio of materials. This, in turn, offers lucrative economic and commercial potential for nano-enabled textiles. Researchers can alter, control, engineer, and synthesize future-generation textiles with diverse functionalities to cater to a wide range of end uses. Over the past decade, the textile sector has experienced a renaissance due to the remarkable properties and distinguishing characteristics of nanomaterials. Various types of nanomaterials have been developed, each exhibiting unique features and improved performance [26]. These nanomaterials, such as nano-whiskers or nanocrystals, nanofibers, metal nanoparticles, and graphene, have been identified as highly useful for textile applications. By incorporating nanomaterials into textiles, designers, and manufacturers can achieve multifunctional properties such as UV protection, self-cleaning, flame retardancy, water and spill repellency, wrinkle resistance, antiodor and antimicrobial properties, electrical conductivity, thermoregulation, antistatic properties, breathability, durability, softness, and improved tear strength [12, 14, 31]. This fusion of technology and fashion has expanded the scope of textile applications in various fields, including industry, medicine, agriculture, military, sports, and personal clothing [14]. Multidisciplinary research in nanotechnology has been instrumental in promoting the application of advanced finishes in textiles. Researchers have been able to incorporate and impart a range of desirable features to textile products, thereby shaping a sustainable and eco-friendly textile design and fashion trend. Advanced nanotechnology offers high-performance and environmentally friendly solutions to conventional fibers and production methods, making it an indispensable tool for maintaining the credibility of the textile industry. This chapter sheds light on the significant impact of nanotechnology in shaping the future of textiles, with a focus on innovative and sustainable textile designs and fashion trends. © 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC.
Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequencies Using Geospatial Modeling
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Kanhu Charan Panda; Ramesh Mandir Singh; Pradosh Kumar Paramaguru; Uday Pratap Singh; Sudhir Kumar Mishra; Gaurav Singh Vishen
It is anticipated that climate change will significantly affect flood frequencies, with more frequent and intense floods likely to occur in many parts of the world. Geospatial modeling can be used to assess possible effects of climate change on flooding frequencies, providing valuable information for flood risk management and adaptation planning. The chapter depicts the current state of knowledge on the use of geospatial modeling to assess the climate change impact on flood frequencies. It discusses the key mechanisms through which climate change can affect floods, the range of geospatial modeling approaches that can be used to assess the impact of climate change on flood frequencies, and the challenges and limitations of using geospatial modeling for this purpose. A case study was included in the chapter to demonstrate the use of advanced geospatial technique to access the impact of climate change on flood frequencies. The chapter concludes by discussing the future directions for research on the use of geospatial modeling to assess the climate change impact on flood frequencies. This includes the development of more sophisticated modeling approaches, the use of ensemble modeling to account for uncertainty, and the integration of geospatial modeling with other risk assessment tools. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
DIGITAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FOR INCLUSIVE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
(Taylor and Francis, 2025) Pankaj Kumar Ojha; Kalyan Ghadei
This chapter delves into the critical role of digital skills development in fostering inclusive digital transformation in today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape. As digital transformation continues to reshape industries and societies, it becomes increasingly important to equip individuals and communities with the necessary skills to fully participate in the digital world. The chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the significance of digital skills, the challenges faced in developing these skills, and the strategies employed to promote inclusive digital transformation through skills development initiatives. It also explores the impact of digital skills on individuals, communities, and economies, highlighting best practices and recommendations for effective digital skills development programs. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Geetika Jain and Malahat Ghoreishi; individual chapters, the contributors.
Estimation of Morphometric and Morphotectonic Indices of the Kanhan River Basin, Central India, Implication for Susceptibility of Soil Erosion and Groundwater Potential
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Suresh Chandra Bhatt; Moirangthem Mourdhaja Singh; Pallvi Rana; Adesh Patel; Narendra Kumar Rana; Sudhir Kumar Kumar Singh; Kaushal Kishor
The Kanhan River, the Wainganga’s longest tributary, runs through the central Indian districts of Chhindwara and Nagpur. The SRTM, remote sensing, and GIS data, were used to investigate morphometric and morphotectonic indices of the Kanhan River Basin and these parameters (linear, areal, and relief) were further employed to assess the vulnerability of the basin to soil erosion, flood hazards, groundwater potential, and tectonic activity. Several morphotectonic parameters including lineament, lineament density, sinuosity, hypsometric integral, and drainage basin asymmetry were estimated for the Kanhan River Basin (KRB). The lineament density was validated across five classes ranging from 0 to 0.91 km/km2. We observed that a high lineament density indicates a high ground water potentiality. The hypsometric integral value (HI = 0.315) suggests that the Kanhan River is in its old or monadnock stage. The Standard Sinuosity Index (SSI) infers that the river follows a sinuous course. The Hydraulic Sinuosity Index (HSI = 61%) suggests that the river has developed flood plains during excessive flooding. The transverse topographic symmetry (TTS) ranges from 0.07 to 0.57, which shows that the basin has an asymmetric nature. Based on these findings, we can interpret that the elongated basin dominated by the old stage is represented by low stream frequency, high permeability, mild slope, and low surface runoff. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
Effect of Humidity on Pest and Disease Incidence in Crops
(Apple Academic Press, 2025) Ramkumar; Manisha Chaudhary; Prince Sahu; Kartikey Singh; Ravi Kumar; Anju Shukla; Chander Singh; Vishal Dinkar; Ashish Kumar Singh; Niharika Singh; Ram Keval; Anshuman Semwal; Rishi Nath Pandey
Humidity is a term used to describe how much moisture or water vapor is present in an atmosphere. It is a crucial environmental factor in the emergence, growth, and development of diseases and pests. Insects have a greater ability for reproduction, and high humidity has an impact on their physiology. There are several differences in how ambient moisture affects an insect’s metabolic rate. It may have an impact on insect behavior such as post-diapause egg hatching, molting, mating, and pest movement. Dry environments trigger diapause, but moist ones promote the growth and pupation of insect pests. With a maximal rate of disease progress at intermediate RHs (50–56%), disease development is often faster at close to room temperature. Low RH levels speed up host tissue death, inhibit disease progression, and limit spore germination and lesion growth. Within a range of suitable temperatures, intermediate RH levels enhance disease progression by increasing spore germination. Although prolonged exposure to these conditions seems to be detrimental for the development of disease, high RH enhances spore germination. Epidemics of disease, the prevalence of pests, and the use of pesticides are all influenced by weather conditions, especially high ambient humidity. Soil moisture and temperature have a considerable impact on the emergence and spread of nematodes and plant diseases. The population growth, survival, and incidence of nematodes are influenced by humidity. When egg-laying in a dry environment, mites produce more eggs more quickly and live longer than when doing so in a nearly saturated environment. In a moist environment, newly hatched mites have a limited chance of survival. At higher RH levels (>96%) with a well-defined incubation period, entomopathogenic agents exhibit their highest infection potential and mortality rates. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Molecular Basis of the Evolution of Pathogens Under Changing Climate Conditions
(Apple Academic Press, 2025) Chander Singh; Supriya Pandey; Umara Rahmani; Manisha Chaudhary; Aman Chauhan; Anshuman Semwal; Sumit Rai; Ramkumar; Varsha Mishra; Vishal Dinkar; Ashish Kumar Singh
In the last 200 years, environmental changes brought on by both natural and human activity have increased globally. Long-term changes in weather patterns and extreme weather event frequency are referred to as climate change. It is widely understood that infectious diseases can be impacted by climate change. The majority of research on the connections between disease and climate change has been on particular infections, modes of transmission, or the results of a single form of extreme weather. The environmental effects of climate change are becoming increasingly clear. All life forms are affected by the range and survivability of extreme weather events, rising average global temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing frequency of such events. Each disease may react differently to changes in CO2 concentrations, temperature, and water availability, which can have positive, neutral, or adverse effects on disease development. Temperature and humidity have an impact on the virulence mechanisms of pathogens, including the generation of toxins and virulence proteins, as well as pathogen reproduction and survival. Plant diseases can adapt to climate change by taking advantage of the current phenotypic plasticity, migrating to regions with favorable climates, or evolving new traits. Research is underway to develop indicators and predictive methods for locating disease outbreaks in the future. The populations of pathogens exhibit a wide range of genetic characteristics that have been a topic of interest among researchers in the origins and evolution of infectious disease. It is impossible to forecast how climate change will affect plant pathogens, but given that they have a greater range of adaptive mechanisms than their hosts and faster generation rates, they will likely have more opportunities to adapt and evolve. Due to the complex and interacting nature of these events, it can be challenging to identify the key point(s) that triggered the onset of a disease, which may have occurred millions of years ago during the coevolution of the host with its pathogen. Therefore, it is not unexpected that the molecular processes leading to the genesis of any disease have largely remained undiscovered. Therefore, in this manuscript, we are attempting to summarize recent research on the evolution of pathogens, the link between pathogens and climate change, the molecular basis of evolution, and the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Prevailing Eco-Parameters and Protocols for Nanotechnology in the Textile Industry
(wiley, 2025) Sanduru Sai Keerthana; Vivek Dave; Prashansa Sharma
Nanotechnology is widely regarded as a tool for resolving issues and improving the standard of living. With rising customer demand for functional clothing that is produced sustainably, nanomaterials can now be incorporated into textile substrates. Consumption and trash production have increased as a result of the quick fashion cycle in the textile sector. The industry aspires to create safe and environmentally friendly textiles while utilizing the advantages of emerging nanomaterials. To ensure the continued development of nanomaterials in the future, it is imperative to be aware of both their potential benefits and unanticipated risks to the environment and human health. Among all the sectors, apparel industry is one of the most polluting sectors; this could have a severe effect on the environment. The appropriate regulations will allow for the mitigation of problems related to the production of nanotextiles and will support the responsible and safe advancement of nanotechnology. In this chapter, we will discuss about recycling, eco-friendly parameters, protocols, and applications related to nanotechnology. © 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC.

2025

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