2025
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PublicationBook Chapter Nanomaterials for Heavy Metal Removal from Water and Wastewater(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Dibyajyoti Panda; Abhik Patra; Sayon Mukherjee; Sabyasachi Koley; Yogendra MeenaWater is the most important natural resource on Earth for human development and all living beings’ existence. Urbanization and industrialization are the main causes of the sharp rise in water consumption. In the twenty-first century, water pollution due to heavy metals is a serious environmental issue. Though heavy metals are present at the trace level in the natural environment, due to biomagnification and bioaccumulation phenomena, they show hazardous effects on the environment and human beings. Due to the rise in the global population, discharges of contaminated waste from industrial, agricultural, and domestic had increased manifolds and ultimately they reach the water sources. In many instances, the removal efficiencies of conventional treatment procedures are insufficient. On the other hand, a newly created sophisticated treatment method, nanotechnology, has widespread applicability in various fields of research and it is paving the way to find suitable methods for the treatment of wastewater. Nanomaterials are biodegradable, have a high specific surface area, play a key role in polar and nonpolar chemistry, have high adsorption capacity, and have controlled and tunable size making them suitable candidates for remediation of water. In this chapter, nanomaterials of carbon-based nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, and fullerenes) and non-carbon origins such as nanoparticles of double-layered hydroxides, nanomaterials of metal oxide origin (Fe, Al, Ti, Mg, and Mn,), nanoclay (Kaolin, montmorillonite and zeolite), dendrimers, nanomaterials based on zero-valent metal (Fe, Ag, and Au) and silica nanomaterials benefits, drawbacks, and efficiency were discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.PublicationBook Chapter Quantum Dots and Nanoprobes for Bioimaging(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Raj Kumar; Devinder Kumar; Sunil Dutt; Pankaj Kalia; Brijesh Pawan KumarThe development of bioimaging with novel visualisation techniques to track biological processes and enhance illness detection has been aided by quantum dots (QDs) and nanoprobes. The non-invasive analysis of anatomical and functional aspects made possible by advances in bioimaging technology has completely changed medical diagnosis. Before the discovery of quantum confinement increased the potential uses of QDs in bioimaging and sensing, their research was originally concentrated on semiconductor LED applications. Nanoprobes have altered and revolutionised biomedical/clinical diagnostics as well as medical diagnostics (biomedicine) by imaging not only at the molecular level but also genetically based biochemistry. Significant growth in nanotechnology is crucial, especially in preclinical imaging studies that examine the application of nanoparticles for treatment and diagnosis. The formerly impractical potential of nanomaterial applications is becoming possible attributable to these research and development advances. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.PublicationBook Chapter Nanomaterial based on microorganisms for energy storage applications(Elsevier, 2025) Ankur Srivastava; Amit Kumar Pathak; Chhama Awasthi; Jay Singh; Mrituanjay D. PandeyMicroorganisms based on nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention due to their vigorous properties of remarkable chemical stability, water-holding capacity, specific surface area, and good mechanical strength. The advantage of microorganism-based nanomaterials is that they provide environment-friendly synthetic procedures. These intriguing features make microorganisms suitable for fabricating versatile two and three-dimensional nanomaterials to develop flexible scaffold materials. This book chapter presents a systematic, comprehensive, and modern view of developing microorganism-based nanomaterials for energy storage. The book chapter contains a brief introduction to the source of microorganisms, microstructure, and nature of microorganisms, as well as the suitable reasons behind the appropriate candidate for the synthesis of nanomaterials like metal oxide and metal hydroxide nanocomposites, doped nanomaterials, porous nanomaterials, and carbon-based nanomaterials for energy storage applications. Moreover, we provided significant research for energy storage applications like lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, and lithium-sulfur batteries. Finally, we have also given prospects, challenges, and opportunities in designing functional nanomaterials from microorganisms for energy systems. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.PublicationBook Chapter Recent trends in the application of nanoparticles and nanocarriers focused on biomedical research(Springer, 2025) Ravi Ranjan Kumar; Deepshikha; Prateek Bhardwaj; Tamonna Banerjee; Venkatesh ChaturvediNanomaterials are defned as entities that have at least one dimension in the range of 10-9 m or 1 nm. Nanoparticles are the connecting link between the Quantum and the Newtonian world as they exhibit interesting quantum phenomena but at the same time are created and maintained by Newtonian forces. They have been in use for centuries, as early examples of nanoparticles can be seen from fourth century colored glass from Rome, or the famous "Lycurgus" cup that shows dichroitic behavior when illuminated with different light sources. Nanocarriers are nanoscale vessels for carrying drugs and other molecules to specifc targets. Both nanoparticles and nanocarriers are synthesized by two main types of approaches. The "top-down" approach aims at synthesizing nanoscale materials by breaking larger, suitable materials to the nanometer range. On the contrary, the "bottom-up" approach aims at the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules to create a suitable nanomaterial. Both approaches have their merits and issues that will also be discussed. The synthesis can be through physical, chemical, or biological methods that give unique properties to the resultant product. Nanocarriers and nanoparticles offer a signifcant advantage over materials due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio and their manipulability in terms of functions. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that in recent years both have found success as treatment and drug delivery options for multiple diseases. Nanoparticles and nanocarriers are the future that awaits medical science, this chapter aims to introduce the reader to the fundamentals of nanoscience and draw a picture of how these small entities are bringing large changes in the ways we treat diseases. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.PublicationEditorial Self-assembled complexes: From molecules to bioderived materials for sustainable sensing technologie(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Ravindra Pratap Singh; Shyam S. Pandey; Arunadevi Natarajan; Jay SinghThis special issue is focused on the development and characterization of nanosized self-assembled molecules for various sensing applications. The scope of the issue was contented and received many research and review articles, proving that the process of synchronizing chemistry/biology/material science with novel technology will end up with substances of sensing importance. The quality of the published articles in this issue is revealed from their way of interpretation, illustrative diagrams, and scientific explanation. All the articles in this special issue will upsurge the understanding and knowledge about functional materials to budding researchers. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.PublicationReview Valorization of whey for green synthesis of carbon dots and their potential applications(Emerald Publishing, 2025) Amrita Poonia; Lizet Aguirre-Güitrón; Maricarmen Iñiguez-Moreno; Dushica SantaPurpose: This paper aims to develop carbon dots using whey as a valuable resource and to create a sustainable and biocompatible nanomaterial with potential applications in a variety of fields owing to its unique optical properties and antimicrobial capabilities, which are frequently used as sensing agents for detecting specific molecules in food, environmental and biomedical applications. Versatility of carbon dots (CDs) allows the utilization of these dots for a wide range of applications in areas such as food safety, antibacterial properties, production of composite polymers for food packaging, treatment of different diseases and detection of food-borne pathogens. Owing to their high brightness, low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility, CDs have attracted significant interest in food safety. This is also a cutting-edge technology that bids new ideas for treating various diseases. Design/methodology/approach: Literature review related to using whey as the carbon source for synthesis of CDs was collected and studied from different sources like Google Scholar, Research Gate, online journals available at library of Banaras Hindu University, Web of Science and Scopus. A database of more than 100 scientific sources from different sources was made as per the headings and sub headings of the paper. Findings: Whey generated as a by-product from the cheese industry contained a good amount of carbon and nitrogen that can be used for the fabrication of CDs. CDs produced using whey exhibited great photostability, high sensitivity and outstanding biocompatibility and also showed that Fe3+ ions could be quickly, sensitively and extremely selectively detected in an aqueous solution of CDs, with a revealing limit of 0.409 µM in the linear range of 0–180 µM. CDs are a promising area of study to a key component of next-generation multifunctional nanomaterials, promoting creativity, sustainability and useful solutions across a variety of industries, including health care and energy. The susceptibility of S. typhimurium (Gram-negative) was found to be higher than that of L. monocytogenes (Gram-positive) bacteria with MIC and MBC of 500 and 1000 µL/mL, respectively. Originality/value: Whey-derived CDs are an environmentally beneficial substitute for conventional additives and their biocompatibility guarantees that they adhere to food safety regulations. In light of the future, the green volarization of dairy waste for the synthesis of CDs is consistent with the increasing worldwide focus on environmental responsibility and sustainability. © 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited.PublicationReview Perspective towards nanomaterial-integrated molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensors for protein biomarkers detection: A review(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Ritu Singh; Meenakshi K. SinghThis review discusses elegant molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors, as well as the significance of nanomaterials incorporation for sensitive and selective detection of protein biomolecules. Biomarkers are naturally occurring proteins, genes, or small biological molecules found in biological fluids to indicate a biological state. Proteins are one of the ideal target biomarkers as they are indicative of many disease states. Therefore, protein detection is important in various fields such as diagnosis and biomedical applications. MIPs are one of the best synthetic diagnostic tools for the selective detection of protein biomarkers. However, MIPs for proteins as macromolecules encounter difficulties moving in and out of the polymer matrix, which hinders their detection at minute concentrations. Therefore, MIP film formation on electrode surfaces with controlled film thickness for electrochemical detection of proteins has gained interest due to the ease of process and performance. In recent times, nanotechnology has attracted tremendous attention. One promising application is using nanomaterials to amplify signals in constructing high-performance electrochemical sensing platforms for ultra-sensitive detection of targeted analytes. Nanomaterials provide a high surface area-to-volume ratio and excellent electronic properties, allowing easy accessibility of protein biomolecules to the imprinted polymer matrix as well as enhancing the sensitivity and detection limit. Therefore, this review especially focuses on the nanomaterials integrated electrochemical MIPs for sensitive and selective detection of protein in biological fluids. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.PublicationReview Mechanisms and applicability of nanotechnology-mediated beneficial microbes in mitigation of salinity stress in plants(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2025) Sudhir K. Udpadhay; Akash Hidangmayum; Devendra Jain; Padmanabh DwivediSoil salinity is a major abiotic-stress that severely impacts global agricultural productivity by reducing plant's water-uptake, causing ion toxicity, and disrupting metabolic balance. Beneficial microorganisms, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and fungi, play a remarkable role in mitigating salt-stress through mechanisms such as osmotic adjustment, ion homeostasis, phytohormone regulation, and antioxidant defense systems. Under very high salinity, microbial inoculants also often suffer from poor survival rates, ineffective root colonization, and uneven field performance. Recent developments in nanotechnology have brought fresh approaches to maximize microbial effectiveness, therefore, offering better defense against environmental stresses and enhancing plant-microbe interactions. Under salt stress, engineered nanomaterials including nanocarriers and nano-formulations improve microbial viability, enable regulated administration, and induce biofilm formation, thereby strengthening plant resistance. Furthermore, nanoparticles enhance stress tolerance systems by modulating critical signal transduction pathways and inducing genomic and proteomic changes in microorganisms. Despite these promising benefits, concerns regarding nanoparticle toxicity, environmental persistence, regulatory challenges, and economic feasibility remain largely unaddressed. Comprehensive risk analyses and the creation of environmentally benign, biodegradable nanomaterials are necessary given the possible long-term effects mediated nanoparticles on microbial populations, soil's quality, and including crop's safety. This review explores emerging trends in nano-enabled agricultural applications, critically assesses the mechanistic contribution of nanotechnology in reducing microbial-mediated salinity stress, and addresses important issues and future research directions for the sustainable deployment of nanotechnology in plant stress management. © 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS