Browsing by Author "Arvind A."

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    Crosstalk between brain and the peripheral tissues
    (Elsevier, 2024) Sarvottam K.; Gajbhiye R.N.; Arvind A.; Yadav B.S.
    The interaction of the brain with peripheral organs is bidirectional which comprises neuronal, neurohumoral, or endocrine signaling. The substance produced by peripheral organs modulates brain function and may bring about plasticity. The substances produced by bone, skeletal muscle, heart, adipose tissue, and many other tissues are important in the regulation of brain function and plasticity in health and disease. The substances produced by peripheral organs communicate with the brain through circumventricular organs, have their receptors on endothelial cells of brain capillaries, or diffuse in extracellular vesicles. This chapter deals in detail with brain interaction with these organs in health and disease. � 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Microbes and compost: an emerging role in climate resilience agriculture
    (Elsevier, 2024) Rai A.; Mishra R.; Patra A.; Singh A.K.; Sharma S.; Arvind A.; Bahuguna A.; Rai S.; Rajput J.; Gangwar A.; Jha S.; Tripathi S.K.; Srivastava R.K.; Shekhar D.; Singh S.K.; Kapil T.; Sharma R.B.; Rai S.
    Microbes and their metabolic activity are crucial for a healthy and functioning soil. The rhizosphere, where plant roots and microbes mingle, is a bustling hub for nutrient cycling, energy flow, and microbial activity. Sustainable farming prioritizes nurturing these rhizospheric processes. Biofertilizers, including symbiotic and nonsymbiotic microbial partnerships, plant growth-promoting microbes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal collaborations, all play diverse roles in soil health and plant growth. Some microbes like Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Streptomyces spp. help convert insoluble phosphorus into plant available forms. Composting, is another sustainable process, transforms organic waste into valuable compost, a dual-action fertilizer and soil amendment. Microbes decompose organic matter in compost, turning it into a stable, plant-friendly material. This aerobic process breaks down easy-to-digest molecules, generating CO2 and more durable substances. Composting effectively manages organic waste, reusing nutrients, reducing volume and moisture, and breaking down harmful organics plus, intricate humic-like chemicals form, boosting soil health. Thus, understanding and nurturing the vibrant microbial world in the rhizosphere through sustainable practices like biofertilizers and composting is key to healthy soil and a thriving future for farming. � 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Peripheral tissues and its neurophysiology
    (Elsevier, 2024) Sarvottam K.; Arvind A.; Sinha A.; Khan Z.D.
    Neural communications of peripheral tissues happen either through descending tracts which may be somatic motor and autonomic or by local reflexive loops which have receptor, afferent nerve fibers, reflex center, and efferent nerve fibers. The growth, development, and function of peripheral tissues are widely modulated by neural innervations. The skeletal muscles get their efferent command to extrafusal and intrafusal fibers by ? and ?-motor neurons and the afferent information is conveyed via Ia and Ib fibers, while cardiac and smooth muscles have autonomic innervations modulating their responses. A large number of afferent fibers are conveying sensation from cutaneous receptors and visceral organs and the details of mechano-transduction at receptor level has been explored. The glandular secretion is dependent on secretomotor autonomic command. In this chapter, we have explored the neural innervations of peripheral tissues, their mechanisms, electrophysiology, methods to study their responses on neural stimulations, and recent advances. � 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.