Browsing by Author "Gupta, Vishal"
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Publication Automatic Detection of Hard Exudates Shadow Region within Retinal Layers of OCT Images(Hindawi Limited, 2022) Singh, Maninder; Gupta, Vishal; Singh, Pramod Kumar; Gupta, Rajeev; Kumar, Basant; Alenezi, Fayadh; Alhudhaif, Adi; Althubiti, Sara A.; Polat, KemalThe optical coherence tomography (OCT) is useful in viewing cross-sectional retinal images and detecting various forms of retinal disorders from those images. Image processing methods and computational algorithms underlying this paper try to detect the shadowing region beneath exudates automatically. This paper presents a novel method for detecting hard exudates from retinal OCT images, often associated with macular edema near or within the outer plexiform layer. In this paper, an algorithm can automatically detect the presence of hard exudates in retinal OCT images, and these exudates appear as highly reflective spots. Still, they do not appear as noticeable bright spots because of their minute sizes in predevelopment phases. In the proposed work, we are using a method to detect the presence of hard exudates by analyzing their shadowing effect instead of focusing on brightness spots. The raster scanning operation is performed by traversing the retina horizontally, and noting up any change in normalized summation of brightness intensity (summing up the intensity from top to bottom retinal layers and normalized concerning retinal width) leads to the detection of minute as well as the presence for the detection of large exudates detection by differentiating this brightness intensity graph. The shadow region helps identify the hard exudates; in our proposed method, the output for three input images has been shown. There is an excellent agreement between the results generated by the proposed algorithm and the diagnostic opinion made by the ophthalmologist. The proposed method automatically detects the hard exudates using shadow regions, and it does not need any parameter settings or manual intervention. It can yield significant results by giving the position of shadow regions, which indicates the presence of exudates. � 2022 Maninder Singh et al.Publication Food and human health: An outlook of the journey of food from hunger satisfaction to health-promoting agent(Elsevier, 2021) Prakash, Bhanu; Singh, Prem Pratap; Kumar, Akshay; Gupta, VishalThe present chapter provides an overview of the journey of food from hunger satisfaction to health-promoting agents. The inherent components of food such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, lipids, antioxidants, and minerals are required for the normal physiological functioning of the body parts. In the modern era of the 21st century, the lifestyle and eating habits of people have been changed drastically. The change in eating habits and unhealthy diet leads to the emergence of modern diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, allergies, and cardiovascular diseases throughout the world. In view of the increase in life expectancy, side effects of modern-day drugs during their prolonged uses, the use of functional and nutraceutical food as a preventive step to control such diseases would be preferred. The present chapter highlights the role of foods and their bioactive components in human health, associated challenges, and future research perspectives. In addition, the role of science and technological applications especially waste-recycling approaches, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, toxicity prediction tools for the sustainable uses of functional and nutraceutical food, and the need for coordinated regulatory framework are discussed. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Publication Nanoencapsulated plant essential oils as a shelf-life enhancer for herbal raw materials(Elsevier, 2023) Gupta, Vishal; Singh, Prem Pratap; Kumar, Akshay; Kumar, Manoj; Raghuvanshi, Tanya Singh; Prakash, BhanuHerbal raw materials have been widely utilized around the world since antiquity, especially for primary health care. They have been acknowledged for their superior therapeutic value over contemporary medications. The diverse indigenous systems of medicine in India such as Siddha, Ayurveda, Unani, and Allopathy employ many herbal formulations to cure different types of diseases. Herbal raw materials are important as traditional remedies and as trade commodities that satisfy the needs of far-flung markets. During postharvest storage, the raw materials of herbal drugs are prone to contamination by different microorganisms and their associated toxic chemicals that deteriorate the active principles of drugs and make them unsafe for consumption. Nanoencapsulated plant essential oils (EOs) could be used as a green preservative agent for herbal raw materials against the microbes and their associated toxins. The present chapter deals with the therapeutic efficacy of herbal raw materials, possible toxic contaminants, and their management by using nanoencapsulated plant EOs. In addition, it also highlights the current challenges and future perspectives that lie in the use of herbal raw materials in the global market. � 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Publication Recent advancement in functional properties and toxicity assessment of plant-derived bioactive peptides using bioinformatic approaches(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Singh, Prem Pratap; Gupta, Vishal; Prakash, BhanuNowadays, biopeptides have gained considerable interest by the food industries, given their potent biological effect on health. BPs, when released from the sequence of their precursors by proteolytic enzymes, improved the various physiological functions of the body. Diabetic and hypertension are the two most common life-threatening diseases linked to dietary patterns. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (hypertension-responsible glycoprotein) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) (proline-specific dimeric aminopeptidase) have been widely used as molecular target sites of action of bioactive compounds possessing antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects. Although, BPs possess considerable biological properties (antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulating, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive effects), most of them possess inherent lacunae such as toxicity, allergenicity, bitterness, and lack of detailed mechanistic investigation, limiting their commercial application. The present review provides an overview on various sources of bioactive peptides, conventional and modern methods of extraction, and challenges that need to be addressed before its commercial application. In addition, bioinformatics� role in exploring the functional properties of biopeptides (ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory effects) toxicity, the target site of action with special reference to plant-based peptides, and recent burgeoning proficiencies in biopeptide research have been discussed. � 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Publication Synthesis, characterization, and assessment of chitosan-nanomatrix enriched with antifungal formulation against biodeterioration of active ingredients of selected herbal raw materials(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Gupta, Vishal; Singh, Prem Pratap; Prakash, BhanuAflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent natural group 1 carcinogen produced by Aspergillus flavus is considered an unavoidable toxic contaminant of herbal raw materials, which often deteriorates their active ingredients making them less effective and hazardous during their formulation in herbal drugs. The present investigation reports the antifungal (0.5 ?l/ml) and AFB1 inhibitory (0.4 ?l/ml) effects of the developed formulation CIM based on a mixture of essential oils (Carum carvi, and Illicium verum), and methyl anthranilate using mathematical modeling. The insight into the mechanism of action has also been explored using biochemical, molecular docking, and RT-PCR. Further, the nanoencapsulation of CIM (Ne-CIM) was prepared using a green facile synthesis of chitosan-based nanomatrix and characterized by Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform-infrared, (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The in-situ results showed that at MIC doses Ne-CIM effectively controls the A. flavus (81.25�89.57 %), AFB1 contamination (100 %), and protects the active ingredients deterioration of Piper nigrum, P. longum, Andrographis paniculata, Silybum marianum, and Withania somnifera caused by toxigenic species of A. flavus without affecting their sensory properties. Hence, Ne-CIM could be used as a green chemical agent to protect the biodeterioration of active ingredients of herbal raw materials caused by toxigenic species of A. flavus. � 2023Publication The pharmakinetic facet of bioactive natural compounds(Elsevier, 2023) Singh, Prem Pratap; Raghuvanshi, Tanya Singh; Gupta, Vishal; Prakash, BhanuSince ancient times, natural products (NPs) have played a significant role in human health promotion and well-being. They serve as a broad spectrum of molecular diversity with unique molecular chemotypes and as better sources of therapeutics in the absence of viable synthetic leads. Rising health awareness, along with a large body of literature on the therapeutic advantages of phytochemicals, has resurrected the interest in plant-based bioactives in recent times. Plant-based NPs have also been used in ancient systems of medicine, including AYUSH (Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and homoeopathy). In the present chapter, recent scientific breakthroughs in the extraction, delivery, and discovery domains of phytochemical pharmacology (extraction methods, nanotechnology, and computational pharmaceutics) have been highlighted in the context of overcoming their major challenges. Further, various pharmaceutical activities and future possibilities for plant-derived compounds in drug development have also been discussed. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Publication Untangling the multi-regime molecular mechanism of verbenol-chemotype Zingiber officinale essential oil against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1(Nature Research, 2021) Singh, Prem Pratap; Jaiswal, Atul Kumar; Kumar, Akshay; Gupta, Vishal; Prakash, BhanuAflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the natural polyketide produced by Aspergillus flavus, has a potent carcinogenic effect on humans as well as animals. In the present study, the antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic B1 activity of chemically characterized Zingiber officinale essential oil (ZOEO) was investigated via in vitro analysis aided with molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. The GC�MS results revealed verbenol (52.41%) as the major component of oil. The antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of ZOEO was found to be 0.6��l/ml and 0.5��l/ml respectively. In-vitro analysis targeting the cell membrane, mitochondria and carbohydrate catabolism elucidated the probable antifungal mode of action. Further, docking and MD simulation results confirmed the inhibitory action of verbenol on the structural gene products (Nor-1, Omt-1, and Vbs) of aflatoxin biosynthetic machinery. Biochemical assays�revealed the fungitoxic potential of the ZOEO while, computational results infers the stabilizing effects on the gene products upon verbenol binding leads to the�impairment in�its functionality. This is the first attempt to assess the multi-regime anti-AFB1 mechanism of verbenol chemotype-ZOEO targeting the Nor-1, Omt-1, and Vbs via computational approaches. � 2021, The Author(s).
