Browsing by Author "Kumar, Sanjeev"
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Publication Calmodulin and calmodulin-like Ca2+ binding proteins as molecular players of abiotic stress response in plants(Elsevier, 2021) Raina, Meenakshi; Kisku, Arun Vincent; Joon, Shikha; Kumar, Sanjeev; Kumar, DeepakPlants exhibit diverse mechanisms to combat an array of environmental stress factors. These comprise intricate but well-regulated signaling pathways. Cytosolic free calcium (Ca+2) is an important secondary messenger of abiotic stress in plants. In general, it senses the stress stimuli and activates downstream protein targets. Calmodulin (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are the key players in the Ca+2-mediated abiotic stress signaling cascade in the plants. They sense the altered Ca+2 concentrations in the cell cytosol and are actively involved in signal perception and transmission. These, in turn, interact with a spectrum of effector regulatory proteins forming a relay network of a signal transduction pathway. Consequently, the expression of stress-related genes is either upregulated or downregulated depending on the stressor and the plant organelles affected. Examples include cold and heat stress genes and those involved in reactive oxygen species homeostasis pathway. Finally, an appropriate response is generated ensuring reestablishment of cellular homeostasis in different plant organelles. This chapter discusses the indispensability of Ca+2 and Ca+2-binding proteins, that is, CaMs and CMLs, in abiotic stress signaling in plants and the pathways involved. � 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Publication Cinema as a Discourse on Critical Geopolitics: The Imagery of India�Pakistan Borders in the Narratives of Bollywood Movies(Routledge, 2023) Kumar, Sanjeev; Raghuvanshi, VaishaliThis paper attempts to map the modes by which cinematic narratives of select Hindi movies produced by Bollywood can be employed as a discourse on critical geopolitics. The focus is to understand how the representations of the India�Pakistan border in a select set of Hindi films tend to portray the psychology of cartographic fundamentalism. Situating the imagery of divided cartographies of the Indian Subcontinent in Hindi cinema, the paper looks at the ways in which the filmic narratives attempt to construct the psychology of border cleavages between India and Pakistan in the demotic consciousness of the viewers. Cinematic representations play a definitive role in constructing popular imagination regarding the issues of identity, refugee crisis and notions of cultural and psychic frontiers. The effects on collective imagination can be visualized by engaging with the narratives and powerful images that cinema is capable of presenting to the viewers. This in turn helps construct and deconstruct the popular notions by altering the dialectics of cognitive mapping. Placing our analysis in this conceptual framework, the paper examines how the psychology of divided cartographies gets inextricably linked to the nationalist construction of the image of India as the righteous self, and the portrait of Pakistan as the vicious other and country's primary enemy. The movies that have been analyzed in the paper are Border (1997), LoC (2003), Bajarangi Bhaijan (2015) and Filmistaan (2012). These movies have portrayed border as conflict-ridden non-porous zones. The paper employs discourse analysis as its methodology and discusses the cinematic reconstruction of the idea of the divided cartographies of the subcontinent on the foundations of the epistemic framework of critical geopolitics. � 2022 Association for Borderlands Studies.Publication Comprehensive environmental impact assessment for designing carbon-cum-energy efficient, cleaner and eco-friendly production system for rice-fallow agro-ecosystems of South Asia(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Kumar, Rakesh; Mishra, Janki Sharan; Mali, Santosh Sambhaji; Mondal, Surajit; Meena, Ram Swaroop; Lal, Rattan; Jha, Bal Krishna; Naik, Sushanta Kumar; Biswas, Ashis Kumar; Hans, Hansraj; Sundaram, Prem Kumar; Choudhary, Arbind Kumar; Monobrullah, Mohammad; Kumar, Sanjeev; Kumar, Santosh; Raman, Rohan Kumar; Bhatt, Bhagwati Prasad; Kumar, UjjwalHigh energy consumption and carbon emission are the major components of environmental pollution. Reducing carbon-footprints and improving energy use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.) - fallow production systems of South Asia is a great challenge. The present experiment was conducted for five consecutive years (2016�2020) with an aim to design the most carbon-cum-energy efficient, cleaner/safer and eco-friendly production systems for rice-fallows in eastern India. This split-plot experiment had crop establishment-cum-residue management (CERM) treatments in main-plots and post-rainy/winter season crops in sub-plots. The production systems selected for analysis included three crop establishment methods [(1) zero-till-direct-seeded rice (ZTDSR), (2) conventional-till direct-seeded rice (CTDSR), and (3) transplanted puddled rice (TPR)], and two residue management practices [(i) with residue, and (ii) without residue] in combination with five potential winter season crops i.e., chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), and mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Results revealed an increase in overall system productivity from 3.5 to 5.13 Mg ha?1 due to the diversification of rice-fallow systems with oilseed and pulse crops. Irrespective of residue management practices, ZTDSR increased the yield by 15 and 31% in chickpea, 15 and 34% in lentil, 33 and 50% in safflower, 9 and 19% in linseed, and 7 and 15% in mustard as compared to CTDSR and PTR, respectively. Moreover, adoption of ZTDSR reduced energy uses by 23.3%, while increased energy ratio and net returns by 14.3 and 10.9%, respectively, over TPR. Pulse based crop rotations (rice-lentil and rice-chickpea) under ZTDSR with surface crop residue yielded 21.5% higher system net returns as compared to rice-oilseed production systems. ZTDSR treatment also reduced carbon-footprint (C-footprint) by 2.8% compared to TPR-based production systems. Similarly, rice-oilseed systems had a 16.1% lower C-footprint in comparison to rice-pulse sequences. Hence, rice-chickpea, rice-lentil and rice-safflower production systems in combined with ZTDSR along with residue retention can be viable production systems with higher system productivity, better economic returns, higher energy ratio and lower C-footprint. These systems will ensure an efficient utilization of natural resources leading to long-term sustainability of the rice-fallow production systems of South Asia. � 2021Publication Does green entrepreneurship have an association with sustainable development and its components?(IGI Global, 2022) Singh, Ajay K.; Kumar, Sanjeev; Sharma, Aditya Kumar; Sinha, ShivaniThis study developed a global sustainable development index (GSDI), economic development index (EDI), social development index (SDI), environmental sustainability index (ESI), science and technological development index (STDI), entrepreneurship ecosystem index (EEI), and green entrepreneurship ecosystem index (GEI) for 34 countries during 2000-2019. Composite Z-score method was used to develop EDI, SDI, ESI, STDI, EEI, and GEI. It also observed the interaction among the estimated indexes using linear regression models. � 2022, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Publication Editorial: Investigating the impact of bioactive metabolites and extracts in human health and disease(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Kumar, Sanjeev; Gautam, Vibhav; Singh, Bhim Pratap; Kumar, Deepak[No abstract available]Publication Efficacy of doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 69% EC and cyhalofop-butyl 10% EC on weed growth, yield and economics in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2022) Kumar, Sanjeev; Singh, Manoj Kumar; Sanodiya, PratikA field investigation was conducted during the rainy season of 2019 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the efficacy of doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 69% EC and cyhalofop-butyl 10% EC in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Among different herbicidal treatments fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 86.25 g/ha recorded lower weed density of awnless barnyard grass [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link], water grass [Echinocloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.] and other weeds, total dry weight and higher weed-control efficiency at 58 days after transplanting, followed by cyhalofop-butyl 80.0 g/ha. Phytotoxicity on crop plants caused by the application of fenoxaprop-p ethyl 86.5 g/ha included yellowing, necrosis, stunting, and epinasty at various stages; however, phytotoxicity disappeared as the crop developed. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 86.25 g/ha markedly improved growth attributes, viz. plant height, tillers/hill, dry-matter accumulation/hill, leaf-area index, chlorophyll content and yield attributes and yield, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, panicles/hill, grains/panicle, 1,000-grain weight, grain and straw yields and net returns in comparison to cyhalofop-butyl 80.0 g/ ha and lower dose of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 69.0 g/ha. � 2022, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.Publication Evidence-Based Therapeutic Potential of Natural Seed Oil of Desert Date/Ingudi (Balanites aegyptiaca Linn. Delile) in Chronic Diabetic Wound(Springer, 2023) Kumar, Sanjeev; Mishra, Anurag; Dwivedi, Kamal Nayan; Singh, Neelu; Kumar, Abhishek; Bhartiya, Satyanam Kumar; Krishnamoorthi, S.; Kumar, Amit; Goel, Bharat; Jain, Shreyans K.This study is to clarify the things said in Ayurveda and Sanskrit literature with evidence in today's context that Balanites aegyptiaca oil (BAO) was used on humans and animals to heal wounds without any side effects. BAO was tested for its wound-healing potential on a diabetic patient. The topical application of the BAO caused wound closure that was ascertained by histopathological changes that occurred during the treatment at the site of application. The phytochemical analysis of BAO resulted in the isolation of potential marker compounds such as diosgenin, caffeic acid, stigmasterol, and fatty acids that may be contributing factors to its wound healing potential. However, underlying mechanisms need to be explored to understand the mechanism behind their wound-healing property. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The National Academy of Sciences, India.Publication Impact of crop establishment and residue management on soil properties and productivity in rice-fallow ecosystems in India(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2022) Kumar, Rakesh; Mishra, Janki Sharan; Naik, Sushanta Kumar; Mondal, Surajit; Meena, Ram Swaroop; Kumar, Saurabh; Dubey, Abhishek Kumar; Makarana, Govind; Jha, Bal Krishna; Mali, Santosh Sambhaji; Biswas, Ashis Kumar; Choudhary, Arbind Kumar; Hans, Hansraj; Dubey, Rachana; Kumar, Santosh; Sundaram, Prem Kumar; Raman, Rohan Kumar; Monobrullah, Mohammad; Kumar, Sanjeev; Kumar, Ujjwal; Bhatt, Bhagwati PrasadThe degradation of agricultural land, both chemical and biological, is a big concern all over the world. Crop cultivation practices that are distinctive to each location have negative consequences for agricultural production. Therefore, there is an urgent need for better crop and soil management techniques. This experiment was conducted for 5 years (2016�2020) to identify the best crop establishment-cum-residue management (CERM) practices and suitable crops for succession after the rice harvest in rice-fallow ecosystems of India. Experimentation was conducted in the split-plot design and each treatment was replicated thrice, having CERM in main-plot and post-rainy season/winter crops in sub-plot. All the CERM treatments had two variants, with crop residue (R+) and without crop residue (R?). Rice yields were markedly higher (19.1%�32.2%) in transplanted puddled rice with residue (TPR-R+) over conventional-till direct seeded rice (CTDSR) and zero-till DSR (ZTDSR) treatments. However, TPR adversely impacted the performance of all the post-rainy pulses/oilseed crops. Post-rainy season crop yields under ZTDSR/CTDSR were 14.9%�45.8% higher leading to higher system productivity as compared to TPR. ZTDSR with residue retention showed higher soil aggregation. The practice of ZTDSR increased the soil dehydrogenase activity (46.2%), urease activity (29.8%), soil microbial biomass carbon (65.4), and fluorescein diacetate activity (9.0%) in the crop root zone with 3.3- and 4.47-times higher earthworm population and earthworm biomass, respectively. The rice-pulse system showed 1.74-times more earthworm population over rice-oilseed sequences. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in ZTDSR was 21.8% higher over TPR in 0�45 cm soil profile. Thus, the adoption of ZTDSR practices and diversification of rice-fallows with pulses crops is recommended for enhancing the crop productivity, increasing SOC stock, and improving soil biological properties in the rice-fallow ecosystems of India. � 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Publication Isolation of a new cytotoxic colchinoid from Gloriosa superba roots(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Goel, Bharat; Reddy, Harichander; Cholkar, Anjali; Kumar, Sanjeev; Guru, Santosh Kumar; Jain, Shreyans K.A new colchinoid compound, identified as N-deacetyl-N-formylcornigerine (1), named glorigerine was isolated from the roots of Gloriosa superba, along with two known compounds. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by 1 D and 2 D NMR and HRMS experiments. Glorigerine (1) differed from cornigerine (6) by the presence of an N-formyl group instead of the N-acetyl group. Glorigerine (1) was found to have moderate cytotoxicity when tested against four human cancer cell lines. � 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Publication Mid-Pleistocene Transition altered upper water column structure in the Bay of Bengal(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Bhadra, Sudhira R.; Saraswat, Rajeev; Kumar, Sanjeev; Verma, Sangeeta; Naik, Dinesh KumarThe unique water column structure and seasonal change in the hydrodynamics make the Bay of Bengal an interesting area to understand the effect of monsoon on the water column stratification. We have reconstructed a 1.45 Myr record of planktic foraminifera assemblages and a 1.16 Myr (MIS 47- MIS 8) record of the difference in the stable oxygen isotopic ratio (??18O) between the mixed layer dwelling Globigerinoides ruber and thermocline dweller Neogloboquadrina dutertrei from the IODP Site U1446 to understand the change in water column stratification and its relationship with the monsoon. From the glacial-interglacial shift in ??18O and mixed layer and thermocline assemblages, we infer a stronger stratification during the warm interstadials and comparatively weaker stratification during the cold stadials. The strengthened summer monsoon induced high direct rainfall and riverine influx inhibited mixing in the upper layer and created a shallow thermocline during the interstadials. We report a large variability in ??18O prior to the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT). Interestingly, the glacial-interglacial shift in ??18O significantly decreased post MPT. A stronger upwelling and deeper mixed layer during the stadial periods reduced the glacial-interglacial shift in ??18O post mid-Pleistocene transition. The strengthened summer monsoon during the post MPT period increased the stratification in the Bay of Bengal. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.Publication Pancreas: Embryology, anatomy and endocrine physiology(CRC Press, 2021) Rahul; Puneet; Kumar, Sanjeev[No abstract available]Publication Redox imbalance disrupts spikelet fertility in rice: A study under stage-specific and multi-stage drought in eastern Indo-Gangetic plain(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Kumar, Santosh; Basu, Sahana; Choudhary, A.K.; Mishra, J.S.; Mondal, Surajit; Shekhar, Shashi; Dwivedi, S.K.; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumari, Surbhi; Bhakta, Narayan; Kumar, Sanjeev; Kumar, Ujjwal; Kumar, Arvind; Kumar, GautamTo support the increasing food demand of the drought-prone eastern Indo-Gangetic plain (EIGP), we assessed the effects of natural drought stress on the individual (seedling stage drought; SSD, vegetative stage drought; VSD, reproductive stage drought; RSD) as well as the multiple growth stages (multi-stage drought; MSD) of twenty-four rice genotypes (n = 24) under field conditions for two consecutive rice growing seasons (2019�2020). High temperature and low rainfall during both the trial years exerted moderate to severe drought stress to the rice genotypes leading to average grain yield reduction of 43.5%, 28.9%, 59.3%, and 69.9% under SSD, VSD, RSD, and MSD conditions, respectively. The present study also revealed that drought stress caused enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the spikelets of rice genotypes thereby, impeding the spikelet fertility. The promising rice genotypes showed an average decrease of 3.18%, 4.83%, 13.9%, and 13.06% in spikelet fertility under SSD, VSD, RSD, and MSD conditions, respectively. Identified promising rice genotypes, IR83929-B-B-291�2�1�1�2, IR93827�29�1�1�2 and IR84899-B-183�20�1�1�1 showed extreme drought tolerance and better maintained photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, relative water content, membrane stability index, and total chlorophyll content under drought conditions irrespective of growth stages. Following the study, drought tolerance in the tolerant rice genotypes was associated with increased antioxidant enzyme mediated efficacious ROS detoxification, which contributed in maintaining pollen viability and spikelet fertility. Overall, the study identified drought tolerant rice genotypes for EIGP and established a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and plasticity of the rice genotypes under stage-specific and cumulative drought stress. � 2022 Elsevier B.V.
