BHU Institutional Repository :: Browsing by Author "Kundu, Arnab"

Browsing by Author "Kundu, Arnab"

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

A geo-spatial inter-relationship with drainage morphometry, landscapes and NDVI in the context of climate change: a case study over the Varuna river basin (India)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2019) Chaubey, Pawan Kumar; Kundu, Arnab; Mall, R.K.
Watershed development and management is essential for the present as well as future constancy of water resources in a river basin. Watershed prioritization, planning and development are depending on the morphometric analysis of a basin. The drainages of a basin are mainly influenced on geomorphic appearances which show a dynamic role for monitoring the basin’s hydrology as per topographical characteristics. In this paper, the morphometric study was characterized by set of parameters i.e. linear, aerial and relief aspects of Varuna river basin (India) with the integration of geo-spatial techniques. The mean annual rainfall, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Digital Elevation Model and Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) were taken into account for this study. The annual rainfall pattern and its percentage departure were shown by high frequencies of drought conditions while the seasonality index depicts that mostly rainfall occurred in less than 3 months. Moreover, indices such as Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index were used to conclude past extreme drought conditions (1996–2002, 2010–2017) over the basin. LULC changes were monitored over the south-east and north-west part of river basin during the period 1977 to 2013. The results revealed that an increasing trend of urbanization was monitored due to a decrease in agricultural land by 40.71% in the lower part of the basin. Moreover, the overall study can be helpful to assess the quantitative depiction of basin geometry as well as land use pattern for future development of agricultural growth. © 2019, Korean Spatial Information Society.
An appraisal of flood events using IMD, CRU, and CCSM4-derived meteorological data sets over the Vaigai river basin, Tamil Nadu (India)
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2019) Nagalapalli, Satish; Kundu, Arnab; Mall, R.K.; Thattai, D.; Rangarajan, S.
The study of the impact on climate change on water resources provides useful information for long-term trend analyses of important issues such as control of floods, management of drought, agricultural production, etc. This work is an attempt to assess the flood events in Vaigai watershed, Tamil Nadu (India). The Mann–Kendall test was performed to assess the rainfall and temperature trends on data extracted from Climatic Research Unit (CRU) and Community Climate System Model 4 (CCSM4) model for historical and future scenarios. The CCSM4 model was compared with India Meteorological Department and CRU data sets to analyze the performance and consistency of model data among the years of flood, viz., 1993, 2010, and 2015. The CCSM4 model was able to capture, in a few instances, the historical as well as future flood events over the region. The maximum rainfall (738.11 mm) was predicted for 2021 followed by 2038 and 2040, and the lowest rainfall (43.40 mm) was predicted for 2036. Besides, the temperature increased by 1 °C and rainfall was mostly maximum in September corresponding to the south-west monsoon (SWM) season. The predicted increases in rainfall can result in flash floods, which have serious implications on the agricultural sector and water resources of the basin, while the decreasing rainfall during the other seasons helps to reduce the flood severity. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
An Estimation of Hydrometeorological Drought Stress over the Central Part of India using Geo-information Technology
(Springer, 2020) Kundu, Arnab; Patel, N.R.; Denis, D.M.; Dutta, Dipanwita
Drought is a creeping natural hazard commencing from lack of rainfall and generally associated with various climatic aspects. Drought-related water deficiency has severe consequences upon environmental processes and socioeconomic activities. In the past few decades, a number of drought indices have been developed for assessing the extent, onset, duration and intensity of drought. The Bundelkhand region located in the central part of India has been affected by recurrent drought events during the past few decades. This study seeks to examine hydrometeorological drought stress of that area using remote sensing and meteorological indicators, i.e., standardized precipitation index (SPI), hydrology-based rainfall anomaly index (RAI) and standardized water-level index (SWI). Daily rainfall data from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) were integrated with station-based groundwater datasets (1998–2015) to analyze the hydrometeorological drought condition of the area. In addition, groundwater datasets were used to evaluate the long-term hydrological drought situation and compared with meteorological drought indices. The study reveals a good agreement among all hydrometeorological drought indices distinctly in few years (2002 and 2013). However, the findings were not coherent in all years due to high rate of runoff and poor groundwater recharge. In spite of having normal rainfall, the undulating terrains of this rugged land confine the infiltration process and cause hydrological drought stress in several parts of the area. © 2019, Indian Society of Remote Sensing.
Changing pattern of urban landscape and its effect on land surface temperature in and around Delhi
(Springer International Publishing, 2019) Dutta, Dipanwita; Rahman, Atiqur; Paul, S.K.; Kundu, Arnab
The last couple of decades have seen remarkable spatial growth in the urban areas of developing countries. The process of urbanization is directly linked with land transformation which can be an effective way to monitor the spatio-temporal pattern of urban growth. New Delhi, the capital city of India has experienced a large-scale urban growth during the last decade. In order to identify the pattern of urban expansion in and around Delhi, the present study aims to assess the process of land transformation using multi-temporal Landsat datasets (1977–2014). The areas under various land use and land cover (LULC) extracted by support vector machine (SVM) hybrid classifier reveal asignificant change in the LULC pattern of the area. A good agreement was found between field-based information and maps generated using satellite images (kappa ≥ 0.84). Land transformation maps indicate rapid growth of few urban centres located outside Delhi National Capital Territory (NCT), like Gurgaon, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Faridabad and Ghaziabad. These centres have been remarkably expanded because of transformation of agricultural and vegetated lands. However, green patches within the city have not been affected by the consequences of urbanization. In tune with the rapid urbanization in the periurban centres of Delhi, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS)-derived land surface temperature (LST) images revealed significant change in the level of LST. The inter-relationship of impervious surface fraction (ISF) and LST proves a good agreement between them. The increasing trend observed in the long-term (1987–2011) summer temperature data obtained from India Meteorological Department (IMD) indicates the rise of mean summer temperature in the last few decades. Land transformation along with rapid urbanization especially in the periurban areas of Delhi NCT played a key role in the increasing trend of surface temperature. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Differential responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to foliar fertilization of organic potassium salts
(Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., 2020) Kundu, Arnab; Raha, Priyankar; Dubey, Akhila Nand; Rani, Mukta; Paul, Alpana; Patel, Ruby
Citric acid, gluconic acid, and humic acid are effective biostimulants and potassium salts of these organic acids are evidenced to have positive impacts in plant nutrition. This experiment aimed to compare the performances of organic potassium salts, viz. potassium citrate (C), potassium gluconate (G), and potassium humate (H) with commercially available inorganic potassium salt on submerged rice. Treatments included foliar application of three organic potassium salts (C, G, and H) and foliar or soil application of inorganic potassium sulfate (S), alone or in combination, with different doses. Foliar application of organic potassium salts resulted in enhanced plant height (1.6%), chlorophyll content (11.6%), grain yield (6.9%), and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, and S) by rice than inorganic K2SO4. Conjoint application of H (half of RDF-K as foliar spraying) and S (half of RDF-K as soil application) obtained highest straw (22.4 g/kg soil) and grain yield (5.6 g/kg soil). Moreover, potassium humate performed best among the different potassium salts used and significantly enhanced the number of leaves, root biomass, and nutrient uptake. This study confirmed the growth promoting attributes of organic potassium salts by improving yield and nutrient uptake of submerged rice. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Ecological aspects of the soil-water-plant-atmosphere system
(Elsevier, 2021) Rekwar, Ravindra Kumar; Patra, Abhik; Jatav, Hanuman Singh; Singh, Satish Kumar; Mohapatra, Kiran Kumar; Kundu, Arnab; Dutta, Asik; Trivedi, Ankita; Sharma, Laimayum Devarishi; Anjum, Mohsina; Anil, Ajin S.; Sahoo, Sanjib Kumar
The soil-water-plant-atmosphere system (SWPAS) is a “physically integrated, dynamic system in which interacting processes of mass and energy are performed.” The SWPAS system is comprised of four different components with varying physical and chemical properties that ultimately poses a complex mechanism. Water stress is primarily caused due to nonuniform precipitation. The exhaustion of this reservoir by a crop requires its artificial reloading, which is the case of irrigation. Soil moisture has been shown to have major implications for carbon storage and related climatic feedbacks. Therefore, it is more important than ever to understand how the flow of water interacts with ecosystem health and the mechanisms controlling water fluxes at the land-atmosphere interface. Atmosphere acts as an upper buffer that takes up, transforms, and protects water, as a substance, in the climatic system. The soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is the pathway for water moving from soil through plants to the atmosphere. Movement of water occurs in response to differences in the potential energy of water. The flow path of water through SPAC is complex with a series of resistances offered by different components of the system. Different atmospheric, plant canopy, and soil factors affect the water flow through SPAC. With increasing water scarcity, improvement in crop water productivity will be vital in terms of food security for the future generation. As a result, the effect of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions on how ecosystems respond to and exert influence on, the global environment remains difficult to predict. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Geoinformation Technology for Drought Assessment
(wiley, 2020) Kundu, Arnab; Mall, R.K.; Patel, N.R.; Dutta, Dipanwita
Drought mainly happens due to lack of rain or below normal rainfall in a region, and it causes water shortage for agricultural crops and is associated with other climate-related factors. This chapter aims to assess the mete- orological and agricultural drought risk over the Bundelkhand region (central part) of India, comprising seven districts of Uttar Pradesh and six districts of Madhya Pradesh states, through the remote sensing-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and meteorological-based Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Daily rainfall data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Climate Prediction Center (CPC) have been integrated with satellite-based vegeta- tion and in situ crop yield data sets. The SPOT-VGT NDVI-based time series data for rainfed crop seasons 2002-2013 were used to assess the long-term vegetation condition correspondence to meteorological drought indices. The satellite-based drought indices and meteorological data showed positive results for assessing the spatiotemporal pattern of drought over the study area. Â© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Impact of Source and Method of Potassium Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and Partitioning of Potassium in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Kundu, Arnab; Raha, Priyankar; Dubey, Akhila Nand
The experiment was carried out to assess dry matter accumulation and potassium partitioning in submerged rice upon application of three organic potassium salts, viz., potassium citrate (KC), potassium gluconate (KG), and potassium humate (KH), and inorganic salt, potassium sulfate (KS). Treatments included recommended dose of potassium (RDF-K, 60 kg ha−1) via foliar or soil application of KS, alone or in combination with foliar application of three organic potassium salts (KC, KG, and KH), in three split doses at three rice phenological stages, viz., tillering, panicle initiation, and early flowering. Solely foliar application of organic K salts resulted in 76% K uptake in rice straw compared with 13% K uptake in grain, which diminished internal use efficiency (IUE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) of K. Conjoint application of KS (half of RDF-K as soil application) and KH (half of RDF-K as foliar spraying) obtained highest grain K accumulation and significantly enhanced IUE and PFP of K. KH performed best among the different K salts used and significantly enhanced root dry matter which resulted in significantly highest grain N and P uptake. This study confirmed that organic salts of K altered dry matter and K partitioning, and soil application of KS (half of RDF-K) in combination with foliar application of KH (half of RDF-K) at three growth stages elevated K utilization efficiency of submerged rice. © 2021, Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Impervious surface growth and its inter-relationship with vegetation cover and land surface temperature in peri-urban areas of Delhi
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Dutta, Dipanwita; Rahman, Atiqur; Paul, S.K.; Kundu, Arnab
Spatial changes in urban areas are closely associated with the increasing impervious land and thus, monitoring the spatio-temporal changes in impervious area is crucial for identifying urban growth. The capital city of India, Delhi has become one of the most populated cities of the world for its fast-growing economy and infrastructural development. Although the city is expanding since the last couple of decades, the rate of growth has become significantly high in the previous decade. This study aims to identify the spatio-temporal pattern of impervious surface growth in and around Delhi National Capital Territory (NCT) by using bi-temporal Landsat images of 2003 and 2014. The linear spectral unmixing (LSU) technique was employed for assessing the impervious surface growth over the megacity. To understand the associated changes of such growth, vegetation surface fraction (VSF), land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were estimated and compared with the impervious surface fraction (ISF). Further, the fractional abundance of impervious surface was validated with built-up density, urban expansion and population density of the area. This study reveals the significant growth of impervious land in the peri-urban centres surrounding Delhi. The fractional abundance of impervious surface was found highly correlated with the vegetation surface fraction, LST and NDVI. The significant (p < 0.005) correlation coefficients prove good agreement among these variables. Strong negative correlation (r2 = 0.857) between ISF and urban expansion index (UEI) proves the potentiality for urban expansion in the less developed areas with abundant pervious surface. The study also reveals a significant polynomial relationship (r2 = 0.746) between impervious surface fraction and population density indicating high ISF (0.9-1.0) in the densely populated areas and vice-versa. The expanding impervious surface especially in the peri-urban centres along with the rising intensity of urban heat island (UHI) calling for suitable planning and strategies for sustainable urban growth. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Plant-soil interactions in a changing world: A climate change perspective
(Elsevier, 2021) Patra, Abhik; Jatav, Hanuman Singh; Mohapatra, Kiran Kumar; Kundu, Arnab; Singh, Satish Kumar; Kumar, Vipin; Sharma, Laimayum Devarishi; Anjum, Mohsina
Climate is a major factor that governs several things starting from the origin of the different animals, and food availability for human and animals. The growth of crops species is becoming more vulnerable due to the climate now. The living ecosystem of every creature depends on the climate. Climate change is the prime threat to the sustainability of our ecosystem and continuous emission of the greenhouse gases is making it more perilous. As a consequence, an unanticipated shift in the dynamics of plant-soil cross-talk is encountered. Nevertheless, gradual escalation of mean earth surface temperature can potentially curtail the duration of the growth period, yield, and water productivity. Every major crop are expected to decline due to erratic precipitation and higher water demands under elevated temperature. In this chapter, we mainly highlight the impact of fluctuating climatic elements on terrestrial flora, edaphic conditions, and their mutual interactions. Surging air temperature is detrimental for the soil carbon stock and its depletion hampers the rhizospheric processes, biochemical cycles, and ultimately affects plant species. We have also discussed different processes involved in plant-soil interactions at different stages of primary or secondary succession. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Replacement of Synthetic Nitrogenous Fertilizer by Human Hair Hydrolysates in Cultivation of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Choudhary, Babu Lal; Raha, Priyankar; Kundu, Arnab; Rani, Mukta
Purpose: To explore the potential of alkali hydrolysis techniques for valorizing waste human hair (WHH) into nitrogenous fertilizer and evaluation of their impact on growth, yield of mung bean and its rhizospheric soil. Methods: WHH were thermochemically hydrolyzed by potassium hydroxide or mixed potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide solutions and resultant hydrolysates (HK and HKC, respectively) were treated as alternative source of nitrogenous fertilizer in different doses for cultivation of mung bean. Results: The results showed that alkali mediated human hair hydrolysates (HHH) were rich in N and S and among them HKC had significantly higher N content. Soil amendment of 8 mL of HKC solution (WHH and water in 1:10 ratio and pH was adjusted to 7.5) per pot resulted in 20 and 9% higher grain yield and protein content of mung bean, respectively over recommended dose of N fertilizer. Application of HHH also enhanced available nutrient (N, P, K and S) contents in soil. Conclusions: Our results suggested that alkali hydrolysis could be considered as an efficient valorization technique for WHH. Soil amendment of HKC render superior effects on growth and yield of mung bean in respect of recommended dose of N fertilizer and also maintain availability nutrients in soil. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.

Browsing by Author "Kundu, Arnab"

Results Per Page

Sort Options