2005

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Optical properties of Dy3+ doped in oxyfluoroborate glass
(2005) Mahato, K.K.; Rai, Anita; Rai, S.B.
Optical absorption, fluorescence and photoacoustic spectra of Dy 3+ doped in oxyfluoroborate glass has been studied. Lifetime of 4F9/2 level has been measured for different concentration of Dy3+. Effect of concentration quenching on the lifetime and the fluorescence yield has been observed and the mechanism of energy transfer discussed. The energy transfer from Pr3+ to Dy3+ has been observed and explained in a codoped glass containing Pr3+ + Dy 3+. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of nested PCR in diagnosis of typhoid fever
(2005) Prakash, Pradyot; Mishra, Om Prakash; Singh, Alok Kumar; Gulati, Anil Kumar; Nath, Gopal
In this study, nested PCR using H1-d primers, which is specific for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, was compared to blood culture and the single-tube Widal test. Results indicate that nested PCR can be used as a gold standard to determine the cutoff titer of the Widal test for diagnosis of typhoid fever.
Bladder mucosal autografts for repair of vesicovaginal fistula
(2005) Vyas, Nachiket; Nandi, Priya Ranjan; Mahmood, Mufti; Tandon, Vipul; Dwivedi, Udai Shankar; Singh, Pratap Bahadur
Twenty-two women with primary and secondary (five patients) vesicovaginal fistula attending a tertiary level urological unit in India were treated by repair of the fistula using bladder mucosal autografts. The fistula was approached transabdominally or via a combined abdominal and vaginal approach (for those involving the trigone). After closure of the vaginal layer, bladder mucosa was harvested from the dome of the bladder and laid over the fistula with sutures at each corner to fix it in place. Patients were catheterised for 12-14 days. At follow up after 3 to 12 months, 20 out of 22 patients were continent, with no other symptoms. The two failures had undergone two previous repairs each. This series is the first from India, and demonstrates the efficacy of bladder mucosal autografts for managing large fistulae, those where a previous repair has failed and fistulae adjacent to the ureteric orifice without the need for uretero-neocystostomy.
Fighting tuberculosis: An old disease new challenges
(2005) Tripathi, Rama P.; Tewari, Neetu; Dwivedi, Namrata; Tiwari, Vinod K.
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide into 21st century. The mortality and spread of this disease has further been aggravated because of synergy of this disease with HIV. A number of anti-TB drugs are ineffective against this disease because of development of resistance strains. Internationally efforts are being made to develop new anti-tubercular agents. A number of drug targets from cell wall biosynthesis, nucleic acid biosynthesis, and many other biosynthetic pathways are being unraveled throughout the world and are being utilized for drug development. In this review, socioeconomic problems in developing countries, efforts to control this disease in different individuals, the targets (known already and newly discovered), existing anti-tubercular agents including natural products and lead molecules, and the future prospects to develop new anti-TB agents are described. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biological effects of heavy metals: An overview
(Triveni Enterprises, 2005) Sharma, Rajesh Kumar; Agrawal, Madhoolika
Heavy metals constitute a very heterogeneous group of elements widely varied in their chemical properties and biological functions. Heavy metals are kept under environmental pollutant category due to their toxic effects on plants, animals and human being. Heavy metal contamination of soil results from anthropogenic as well as natural activities. Anthropogenic activities such as mining, smelting operation and agriculture have locally increased the levels of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, As and Ni in soil up to dangerous levels. Heavy metals are persistent in nature, therefore get accumulated in soils and plants. Heavy metals interfere with physiological activities of plants such as photosynthesis, gaseous exchange and nutrient absorption, and cause reductions in plant growth, dry matter accumulation and yield. Heavy metals also interfere with the levels of antioxidants in plants, and reduce the nutritive value of the produce. Dietary intake of many heavy metals through consumption of plants has long term detrimental effects on human health.
A generation mechanism for discrete very low frequency emissions observed at Varanasi
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2005) Singh, A.K.; Singh, S.B.; Singh, R.P.
A new type of discrete VLF emissions recorded at the low-latitude ground station Varanasi (geomag. lat. 14°55′ N, geomag. long. 154°E; L = 1.07) during the strong magnetic activity on 29-30 April 1990 have been reported. A generation mechanism for various temporal and spectral features of discrete VLF emissions recorded at Varanasi is presented on the basis of cyclotron resonance interaction between whistler mode wave and energetic electrons ejected by substorm electric fields. An attempt is also made to determine parallel energy and wave growth relevant to the generation process of discrete VLF emissions. Finally, our results are discussed with other published works. © Indian Academy of Sciences.
Coincidence electron spectroscopy of electron-impact multiple ionization of argon
(American Physical Society, 2005) Mondal, S.; Shanker, R.
Measurements of the partial double differential ionization cross sections of argon atoms have been made by performing coincidences between recoil ions and energy- and angle-selected slow electrons produced in 12-24 keV e- -Ar collisions. Results show that the Ar3+ ions are formed mainly by a two-step-one process via electron shake-off. These measurements have enabled determination of the shake-off probability S=0.14±0.01 for L2,3 subshell, which is in good agreement with a theoretical predication. Additionally, Ar2+ and Ar+ ions are found to arise respectively from the filling of L -shell vacancy by an auger transition and from the direct ionization of M -shell of the argon atom. © 2005 The American Physical Society.
Measurement of single electron event anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV
(American Physical Society, 2005) Adler, S.S.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N.N.; Akiba, Y.; Alexander, J.; Amirikas, R.; Aphecetche, L.; Aronson, S.H.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T.C.; Azmoun, R.; Babintsev, V.; Baldisseri, A.; Barish, K.N.; Barnes, P.D.; Bassalleck, B.; Bathe, S.; Batsouli, S.; Baublis, V.; Bazilevsky, A.; Belikov, S.; Berdnikov, Y.; Bhagavatula, S.; Boissevain, J.G.; Borel, H.; Borenstein, S.; Brooks, M.L.; Brown, D.S.; Bruner, N.; Bucher, D.; Buesching, H.; Bumazhnov, V.; Bunce, G.; Burward-Hoy, J.M.; Butsyk, S.; Camard, X.; Chai, J.-S.; Chand, P.; Chang, W.C.; Chernichenko, S.; Chi, C.Y.; Chiba, J.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I.J.; Choi, J.; Choudhury, R.K.; Chujo, T.; Cianciolo, V.; Cobigo, Y.; Cole, B.A.; Constantin, P.; d'Enterria, D.; David, G.; Delagrange, H.; Denisov, A.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E.J.; Devismes, A.; Dietzsch, O.; Drapier, O.; Drees, A.; Drees, K.A.; du Rietz, R.; Durum, A.; Dutta, D.; Efremenko, Y.V.; El Chenawi, K.; Enokizono, A.; En'yo, H.; Esumi, S.; Ewell, L.; Fields, D.E.; Fleuret, F.; Fokin, S.L.; Fox, B.D.; Fraenkel, Z.; Frantz, J.E.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A.D.; Fung, S.-Y.; Garpman, S.; Ghosh, T.K.; Glenn, A.; Gogiberidze, G.; Gonin, M.; Gosset, J.; Goto, Y.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Grau, N.; Greene, S.V.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Guryn, W.; Gustafsson, H.-A.; Hachiya, T.; Haggerty, J.S.; Hamagaki, H.; Hansen, A.G.; Hartouni, E.P.; Harvey, M.; Hayano, R.; Hayashi, N.; He, X.; Heffner, M.; Hemmick, T.K.; Heuser, J.M.; Hibino, M.; Hill, J.C.; Holzmann, W.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Hoover, A.; Ichihara, T.; Ikonnikov, V.V.; Imai, K.; Isenhower, D.; Ishihara, M.; Issah, M.; Isupov, A.; Jacak, B.V.; Jang, W.Y.; Jeong, Y.; Jia, J.; Jinnouchi, O.; Johnson, B.M.; Johnson, S.C.; Joo, K.S.; Jouan, D.; Kametani, S.; Kamihara, N.; Kang, J.H.; Kapoor, S.S.; Katou, K.; Kelly, S.; Khachaturov, B.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kikuchi, J.; Kim, D.H.; Kim, D.J.; Kim, D.W.; Kim, E.; Kim, G.-B.; Kim, H.J.; Kistenev, E.; Kiyomichi, A.; Kiyoyama, K.; Klein-Boesing, C.; Kobayashi, H.; Kochenda, L.; Kochetkov, V.; Koehler, D.; Kohama, T.; Kopytine, M.; Kotchetkov, D.; Kozlov, A.; Kroon, P.J.; Kuberg, C.H.; Kurita, K.; Kuroki, Y.; Kweon, M.J.; Kwon, Y.; Kyle, G.S.; Lacey, R.; Ladygin, V.; Lajoie, J.G.; Lebedev, A.; Leckey, S.; Lee, D.M.; Lee, S.; Leitch, M.J.; Li, X.H.; Lim, H.; Litvinenko, A.; Liu, M.X.; Liu, Y.; Maguire, C.F.; Makdisi, Y.I.; Malakhov, A.; Manko, V.I.; Mao, Y.; Martinez, G.; Marx, M.D.; Masui, H.; Matathias, F.; Matsumoto, T.; McGaughey, P.L.; Melnikov, E.; Messer, F.; Miake, Y.; Milan, J.; Miller, T.E.; Milov, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mischke, R.E.; Mishra, G.C.; Mitchell, J.T.; Mohanty, A.K.; Morrison, D.P.; Moss, J.M.; Mühlbacher, F.; Mukhopadhyay, D.; Muniruzzaman, M.; Murata, J.; Nagamiya, S.; Nagle, J.L.; Nakamura, T.; Nandi, B.K.; Nara, M.; Newby, J.; Nilsson, P.; Nyanin, A.S.; Nystrand, J.; O'Brien, E.; Ogilvie, C.A.; Ohnishi, H.; Ojha, I.D.; Okada, K.; Ono, M.; Onuchin, V.; Oskarsson, A.; Otterlund, I.; Oyama, K.; Ozawa, K.; Pal, D.; Palounek, A.P.T.; Pantuev, V.; Papavassiliou, V.; Park, J.; Parmar, A.; Pate, S.F.; Peitzmann, T.; Peng, J.-C.; Peresedov, V.; Pinkenburg, C.; Pisani, R.P.; Plasil, F.; Purschke, M.L.; Purwar, A.K.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Read, K.F.; Reuter, M.; Reygers, K.; Riabov, V.; Riabov, Y.; Roche, G.; Romana, A.; Rosati, M.; Rosnet, P.; Ryu, S.S.; Sadler, M.E.; Saito, N.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sakai, M.; Sakai, S.; Samsonov, V.; Sanfratello, L.; Santo, R.; Sato, H.D.; Sato, S.; Sawada, S.; Schutz, Y.; Semenov, V.; Seto, R.; Shaw, M.R.; Shea, T.K.; Shibata, T.-A.; Shigaki, K.; Shiina, T.; Silva, C.L.; Silvermyr, D.; Sim, K.S.; Singh, C.P.; Singh, V.; Sivertz, M.; Soldatov, A.; Soltz, R.A.; Sondheim, W.E.; Sorensen, S.P.; Sourikova, I.V.; Staley, F.; Stankus, P.W.; Stenlund, E.; Stepanov, M.; Ster, A.; Stoll, S.P.; Sugitate, T.; Sullivan, J.P.; Takagui, E.M.; Taketani, A.; Tamai, M.; Tanaka, K.H.; Tanaka, Y.; Tanida, K.; Tannenbaum, M.J.; Tarján, P.; Tepe, J.D.; Thomas, T.L.; Tojo, J.; Torii, H.; Towell, R.S.; Tserruya, I.; Tsuruoka, H.; Tuli, S.K.; Tydesjö, H.; Tyurin, N.; van Hecke, H.W.; Velkovska, J.; Velkovsky, M.; Veszprémi, V.; Villatte, L.; Vinogradov, A.A.; Volkov, M.A.; Vznuzdaev, E.; Wang, X.R.; Watanabe, Y.; White, S.N.; Wohn, F.K.; Woody, C.L.; Xie, W.; Yang, Y.; Yanovich, A.; Yokkaichi, S.; Young, G.R.; Yushmanov, I.E.; Zajc, W.A.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, S.; Zhou, S.J.; Zolin, L.
The transverse momentum dependence of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v2, the second harmonic of the azimuthal distribution, for electrons at midrapidity (|η|<0.35) has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The measurement was made with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (|η|=3.1-3.9). From the result we have measured the v2 of electrons from heavy flavor decay after subtraction of the v2 of electrons from other sources such as photon conversions and Dalitz decay from light neutral mesons. We observe a nonzero single electron v2 with a 90% confidence level in the intermediate-pT region. The precision of the present data set does not permit us to conclude definitively that heavy quarks exhibit thermalization with the transverse flow of the bulk matter. © 2005 The American Physical Society.
Oral atropine sulfate for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
(Springer, 2005) Singh, Utpal Kant; Kumar, Ranjeet; Prasad, Rajniti
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral atropine in the management of IHPS. Cases were diagnosed clinically and confirmed sonographically. Atropine was given orally from the outset at a dose of 0.18mg/kg/day in eight divided doses, increased daily by 1/4th of the commencing dose till vomiting ceased. Ultrasonographic evaluation of pyloric muscle thickness and length was done at the commencement of treatment, after completion of treatment and at 3,6,9,12 and 15 months follow up. Oral atropine was effective in 11/12 (91.06%) cases. Vomiting ceased in 14 to 21 days in all cases. One case required initial 7 days of I.V. treatment followed by 18 days oral treatment to stop vomiting. USG evidence of normalization of pylorus was observed in all these cases, 3-15 months after completion of treatment. We conclude that oral atropine proved to be a simple, effective, safe, very cheap and acceptable treatment option for IHPS.
Birth hypoxia and spinal reflex in newborn babies
(2005) Prakash, Udai; Sinha, B.; Bhatia, B.D.
Birth hypoxia is detrimental to neuronal function. In this study, its effect on spinal monosynaptic reflex was investigated on two different age groups of human newborn babies using few non-invasive electrophysiological parameters. A total of 57 newborns (25 hypoxic + 32 non-hypoxic) were the study subject. Out of which, 31 newborns (11 hypoxic + 20 non-hypoxic) were examined within 48 hours of birth, and the rest 26 (14 hypoxic + 12 non-hypoxic) were examined between 48h and 120h (five days) of birth. H-reflex latency (HRL), distal motor latency (DL), and H-reflex conduction velocity (HRCV), were estimated for understanding the transmission of impulse in the monosynaptic reflex pathway. Moreover, Hmax, Mmax, and HIM ratio were observed for studying the spinal motor neuronal excitability. The injurious effect of hypoxia was detected on HRL, HRCV, Hmax and HIM ratio in babies who were examined within 48h of birth. The HRL was significantly increased and other parameters were significantly reduced. In the older group of babies, however, Hmax was the only parameter affected by hypoxia. The relatively older babies of hypoxic or non-hypoxic group had higher Hmax and HIM ratio compared to younger ones of their own group.
Color Doppler ultrasound as an objective assessment tool for chemotherapeutic response in advanced breast cancer
(2005) Singh, Seema; Pradhan, Satyajit; Shukla, Ram Chandra; Anson, Mumtaz Ahmad; Kumar, Anand
Background: In our part of the world, the majority of the patients with breast cancer present with locally advanced disease and require neo-adjuvant chemotherapy as the primary treatment modality. It is essential to monitor the response to chemotherapy in these patients. Clinical examination as the sole criterion of response assessment is entirely subjective and fallacious. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are expensive. The role of Doppler ultrasonography as an imaging modality for this purpose is therefore being evaluated. Methods: A prospective study was undertaken of 25 cases of locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC) and Color Doppler sonography was used for the sequential assessment of chemotherapeutic response. The response assessed on the basis of clinical examination and Color Doppler was compared with the histological response. The parameters assessed on color Doppler were a change in the number of flow signals, maximum flow velocity (V max), pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI). Responses were analysed statistically using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Kappa statistics (κ). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive & negative predictive values for predicting complete histological response were calculated. Results: Color Doppler showed a sensitivity of 88.88% for predicting complete histological response. The negative predictive value of color Doppler was 92.3%. A significant correlation was obtained between color Doppler & histopathological response. Conclusions: Color Doppler was found to be an objective and effective tool or modality compared with clinical evaluation in sequential response assessment, especially for predicting complete histological response.
Development of ground vegetation under exotic tree plantations on restored coal mine spoil land in a dry tropical region of India
(Triveni Enterprises, 2005) Dutta, Raman Kumar; Agrawal, Madhoolika
Restoration of mine spoil is a prime need for coal industry. The study of ground cover vegetation provides essential information about the species diversity and their successionel trends during the restoration. The present study was conducted to analyze the structure and biomass accumulation of ground vegetation developing in different plantation stands of an opencast coal mine spoil in a dry tropical region. Different plantation stands showed variations in species diversities. Exotic herbs were more dominant in comparison to native herbs. Pennisetum pedicillatum, an exotic herb showed maximum Importance Value Index in most of the plantation stands. Total number of species varied between 12-18 in different plantation stands. Speces richness and evenness increased with increasing age of the plantations. Variations in total biomass accumulation of ground vegetation were also significant among different plantations. These results suggest that reforestation programme with exotic species on coal mine spoil has been successful in colonization of ground vegetation under different plantations. Gravellia pteridifolia plantations showed most successful ground cover among different plantation stands.
Production of i mesons at midrapidity in sNN=200GeVAu+Au collisions at relativistic energies
(American Physical Society, 2005) Adler, S.S.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N.N.; Akiba, Y.; Alexander, J.; Amirikas, R.; Aphecetche, L.; Aronson, S.H.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T.C.; Azmoun, R.; Babintsev, V.; Baldisseri, A.; Barish, K.N.; Barnes, P.D.; Bassalleck, B.; Bathe, S.; Batsouli, S.; Baublis, V.; Bazilevsky, A.; Belikov, S.; Berdnikov, Y.; Bhagavatula, S.; Boissevain, J.G.; Borel, H.; Borenstein, S.; Brooks, M.L.; Brown, D.S.; Bruner, N.; Bucher, D.; Buesching, H.; Bumazhnov, V.; Bunce, G.; Burward-Hoy, J.M.; Butsyk, S.; Camard, X.; Chai, J.-S.; Chand, P.; Chang, W.C.; Chernichenko, S.; Chi, C.Y.; Chiba, J.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I.J.; Choi, J.; Choudhury, R.K.; Chujo, T.; Cianciolo, V.; Cobigo, Y.; Cole, B.A.; Constantin, P.; d'Enterria, D.G.; David, G.; Delagrange, H.; Denisov, A.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E.J.; Devismes, A.; Dietzsch, O.; Drapier, O.; Drees, A.; du Rietz, R.; Durum, A.; Dutta, D.; Efremenko, Y.V.; El Chenawi, K.; Enokizono, A.; En'yo, H.; Esumi, S.; Ewell, L.; Fields, D.E.; Fleuret, F.; Fokin, S.L.; Fox, B.D.; Fraenkel, Z.; Frantz, J.E.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A.D.; Fung, S.-Y.; Garpman, S.; Ghosh, T.K.; Glenn, A.; Gogiberidze, G.; Gonin, M.; Gosset, J.; Goto, Y.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Grau, N.; Greene, S.V.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Guryn, W.; Gustafsson, H.-Å.; Hachiya, T.; Haggerty, J.S.; Hamagaki, H.; Hansen, A.G.; Hartouni, E.P.; Harvey, M.; Hayano, R.; Hayashi, N.; He, X.; Heffner, M.; Hemmick, T.K.; Heuser, J.M.; Hibino, M.; Hill, J.C.; Holzmann, W.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Hoover, A.; Ichihara, T.; Ikonnikov, V.V.; Imai, K.; Isenhower, D.; Ishihara, M.; Issah, M.; Isupov, A.; Jacak, B.V.; Jang, W.Y.; Jeong, Y.; Jia, J.; Jinnouchi, O.; Johnson, B.M.; Johnson, S.C.; Joo, K.S.; Jouan, D.; Kametani, S.; Kamihara, N.; Kang, J.H.; Kapoor, S.S.; Katou, K.; Kelly, S.; Khachaturov, B.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kikuchi, J.; Kim, D.H.; Kim, D.J.; Kim, D.W.; Kim, E.; Kim, G.-B.; Kim, H.J.; Kistenev, E.; Kiyomichi, A.; Kiyoyama, K.; Klein-Boesing, C.; Kobayashi, H.; Kochenda, L.; Kochetkov, V.; Koehler, D.; Kohama, T.; Kopytine, M.; Kotchetkov, D.; Kozlov, A.; Kroon, P.J.; Kuberg, C.H.; Kurita, K.; Kuroki, Y.; Kweon, M.J.; Kwon, Y.; Kyle, G.S.; Lacey, R.; Ladygin, V.; Lajoie, J.G.; Lebedev, A.; Leckey, S.; Lee, D.M.; Lee, S.; Leitch, M.J.; Li, X.H.; Lim, H.; Litvinenko, A.; Liu, M.X.; Liu, Y.; Maguire, C.F.; Makdisi, Y.I.; Malakhov, A.; Manko, V.I.; Mao, Y.; Martinez, G.; Marx, M.D.; Masui, H.; Matathias, F.; Matsumoto, T.; McGaughey, P.L.; Melnikov, E.; Messer, F.; Miake, Y.; Milan, J.; Miller, T.E.; Milov, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mischke, R.E.; Mishra, G.C.; Mitchell, J.T.; Mohanty, A.K.; Morrison, D.P.; Moss, J.M.; Mühlbacher, F.; Mukhopadhyay, D.; Muniruzzaman, M.; Murata, J.; Nagamiya, S.; Nagle, J.L.; Nakamura, T.; Nandi, B.K.; Nara, M.; Newby, J.; Nilsson, P.; Nyanin, A.S.; Nystrand, J.; O'Brien, E.; Ogilvie, C.A.; Ohnishi, H.; Ojha, I.D.; Okada, K.; Ono, M.; Onuchin, V.; Oskarsson, A.; Otterlund, I.; Oyama, K.; Ozawa, K.; Pal, D.; Palounek, A.P.T.; Pantuev, V.S.; Papavassiliou, V.; Park, J.; Parmar, A.; Pate, S.F.; Peitzmann, T.; Peng, J.-C.; Peresedov, V.; Pinkenburg, C.; Pisani, R.P.; Plasil, F.; Purschke, M.L.; Purwar, A.K.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Read, K.F.; Reuter, M.; Reygers, K.; Riabov, V.; Riabov, Y.; Roche, G.; Romana, A.; Rosati, M.; Rosnet, P.; Ryu, S.S.; Sadler, M.E.; Saito, N.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sakai, M.; Sakai, S.; Samsonov, V.; Sanfratello, L.; Santo, R.; Sato, H.D.; Sato, S.; Sawada, S.; Schutz, Y.; Semenov, V.; Seto, R.; Shaw, M.R.; Shea, T.K.; Shibata, T.-A.; Shigaki, K.; Shiina, T.; Silva, C.L.; Silvermyr, D.; Sim, K.S.; Singh, C.P.; Singh, V.; Sivertz, M.; Soldatov, A.; Soltz, R.A.; Sondheim, W.E.; Sorensen, S.P.; Sourikova, I.V.; Staley, F.; Stankus, P.W.; Stenlund, E.; Stepanov, M.; Ster, A.; Stoll, S.P.; Sugitate, T.; Sullivan, J.P.; Takagui, E.M.; Taketani, A.; Tamai, M.; Tanaka, K.H.; Tanaka, Y.; Tanida, K.; Tannenbaum, M.J.; Tarján, P.; Tepe, J.D.; Thomas, T.L.; Tojo, J.; Torii, H.; Towell, R.S.; Tserruya, I.; Tsuruoka, H.; Tuli, S.K.; Tydesjö, H.; Tyurin, N.; van Hecke, H.W.; Velkovska, J.; Velkovsky, M.; Veszprémi, V.; Villatte, L.; Vinogradov, A.A.; Volkov, M.A.; Vznuzdaev, E.; Wang, X.R.; Watanabe, Y.; White, S.N.; Wohn, F.K.; Woody, C.L.; Xie, W.; Yang, Y.; Yanovich, A.; Yokkaichi, S.; Young, G.R.; Yushmanov, I.E.; Zajc, W.A.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, S.; Zhou, S.J.; Zolin, L.
We present the results of I meson production in the K+K- decay channel from Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV as measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Precision resonance centroid and width values are extracted as a function of collision centrality. No significant variation from the Particle Data Group accepted values is observed, contrary to some model predictions. The I transverse mass spectra are fitted with a linear exponential function for which the derived inverse slope parameter is seen to be constant as a function of centrality. However, when these data are fitted by a hydrodynamic model the result is that the centrality-dependent freeze-out temperature and the expansion velocity values are consistent with the values previously derived from fitting identified charged hadron data. As a function of transverse momentum the collisions scaled peripheral-to-central yield ratio RCP for the I is comparable to that of pions rather than that of protons. This result lends support to theoretical models that distinguish between baryons and mesons instead of particle mass for explaining the anomalous (anti) proton yield. © 2005 The American Physical Society.
Identification of a novel pulmonary oedema producing toxin from Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) venom
(Elsevier Ltd, 2005) Deshpande, S.B.; Alex, A.B.; Jagannadham, M.V.; Rao, G.R.K.; Tiwari, A.K.
The experiments were conducted to identify the toxin that produces pulmonary oedema in Mesobuthus tamulus (BT) envenomed animals. Crude BT venom was subjected to Sephadex gel filtration (G-75) and the fractions were screened for optical density (OD), neurotoxicity (prolongation of compound action potential in frog sciatic nerve) and lethality. All these parameters exhibited a peak between 54-94 ml eluates. Fractions of this peak were pooled (SP) and loaded on to carboxymethyl cellulose column. The column was then eluted with increasing buffer concentrations at constant pH and temperature. Eluates were screened for neurotoxicity and OD. Four peaks of neurotoxic activity (T1-T4) were detected. T2 and T3 were lethal whereas T1 and T4 were non-lethal. T2 exhibited mainly neurotoxicity and failed to augment phenyldiguanide (PDG)-induced reflex response or to produce pulmonary oedema. T3 was having minimal neurotoxic actions but augmented PDG-reflex and produced pulmonary oedema. The effects of T3 persisted even after dialysis with 8 kDa cut-off filter but not those of T2. The T3 effects resembled toxic manifestations of BT venom and were blocked by aprotinin pre-treatment. T3 demonstrated a band at ∼100 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The results demonstrate the presence of a lethal, high molecular weight, pulmonary oedema producing toxin in BT venom. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Histochemical localization of enzymes and lipids in the ovary of a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi, during the reproductive cycle.
(2005) Singh, U.P.; Krishna, A.; Smith, T.D.; Bhatnagar, K.P.
The present study describes seasonal changes in delta5 3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), glusose-6 phosphates dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), and lipids in the ovary of a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. Total lipids and 3beta-HSD activity are restricted to thecal and interstitial cells of the ovary. The total lipids, 3beta-HSD, and G-6-PD significantly increase during recrudescence, and remain high during winter dormancy and breeding as compared to the other reproductive phases. High incidence of lipids and enzyme activity in interstitial cells during the breeding period and at the time of ovulation clearly suggests that these cells are actively involved in steroidogenesis. A decline in enzymes and lipid activity during winter dormancy, which correlates with the declining levels of steroidogenesis, might be the factors responsible for prolonged survival of the Graafian follicle in the ovary of S. heathi.
Distal perforator based cross leg flaps for leg and foot defects
(Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd, 2005) Bhattacharya, V.; Reddy, Ganji Raveendra
The cross leg fasciocutaneous flaps are less frequently indicated for distal leg and foot defects due to the availability of other alternative options. However they still remain one of the more realistic options for the surgeon in situations like unsuccessful attempt of free flaps, non-availability of ipsilateral proximal calf tissue, damaged distal perforators following trauma, burns, radiation etc., and inadequate reach beyond mid sole. In the present article we share our experience emphasizing the significance and use, with redefined indications and surgical technique of cross leg retrograde fasciocutaneous flaps for various distal leg and foot defects. We are of the opinion that these flaps are still useful as they continue to prove to be the flap of choice in demanding situations.
Ductile-brittle transition temperatures and dynamic fracture toughness of 9Cr-1Mo steel
(Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2005) Moitra, A.; Sreenivasan, P.R.; Mannan, S.L.; Singh, V.
The ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of 9Cr-1Mo steel was characterized by an RTNDT-based KIR curve approach and a reference temperature (T0)-based master curve (MC) approach. The MC was developed at a dynamic loading condition (loading rate of 5.12 m/s), using precracked Charpy V-notch (PCVN) specimens, and the reference temperature was termed T0dy. The RTNDT and T0dy were determined to be -25 °C and -52 °C, respectively. The T0dy was also estimated from instrumented CVN tests, using a modified Schindler procedure to evaluate KJd; the result shows close agreement with that obtained from the PCVN tests. The ASME KIR-curve approach proves to be too conservative compared to the obtained trend of the fracture toughness with temperature. The cleavage fracture stress, σf*, estimated from the critical length, l*, shows good agreement with that estimated from the load-temperature diagram (2400 to 2450 MPa), which was constructed from the CVN test results. The crack initiation mechanism has been identified as decohesion of the particle-matrix interface, rather than as the fracture of the particles.
Review of electromagnetic coupling between the Earth's atmosphere and the space environment
(Elsevier Ltd, 2005) Siingh, Devendraa; Singh, R.P.; Kamra, A.K.; Gupta, P.N.; Gopalakrishnan, V.; Singh, A.K.
We review our understanding of the electrical properties of the lower and upper atmosphere along with various possible sources of the electromagnetic energy near and far above the Earth's surface. The transport of electromagnetic energy from the atmosphere to the ionosphere and then to the magnetosphere and back to the Earth's surface via ionosphere and lower atmosphere is discussed. The electromagnetic coupling of various regions is also discussed. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peha-haft bandage as a new dressing for pediatric hypospadias repair
(Medknow Publications, 2005) Gangopadhyay, A.N.; Sharma, S.
Hypospadias Repair has varied alternatives in every step including dressing. Objective: To compare Peha-Haft cohesive dressing with compressed gauze penile wrap dressing in hypospadias repair. Patients and methods: Peha-Haft cohesive dressing was prospectively used in 60 subjects (Group A) over a period of three and a half years from Jan.2001 to July 2004 and compared with 60 subjects of compressed gauze dressing with micropore adhesive (Group B). Primary outcome measures were ease of application, cost, comfort with dressing, dressing related early complications, pain during dressing removal assessed by FLACC score and time taken during removal. Results: Time taken during dressing removal was 30 + 11 seconds in Group A and 180 + 26 seconds in Group B. FLACC score was 3 + 2 in Group A and 7 + 3 in Group B. No sedation was required in the Group A while it was required in 26 cases in Group B. Conclusion: Peha-Haft dressing was superior in terms of the ease of application, cost, comfort with dressing, dressing related early complications, time consumed and pain during dressing removal.
Amyloid, cholinesterase, melatonin, and metals and their roles in aging and neurodegenerative diseases
(Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2005) Lahiri, Debomoy K.; Chen, De-Mao; Lahiri, Preeti; Bondy, Steve; Greig, Nigel H.
The aging brain shows selective neurochemical changes involving several neural cell populations. Increased brain metal levels have been associated with normal aging and a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Melatonin levels are decreased in aging, particularly in AD subjects. The loss of melatonin, which is synthesized by the pineal gland, together with the degeneration of cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and the deposition of aggregated proteins, such as the amyloid β peptides (Aβ), are believed to contribute to the development of cognitive symptoms of dementia. Aging and its variants, such as AD, should be viewed as the result of multiple "hits," including alterations in the levels of Aβ, metals, cholinesterase enzymes, and neuronal gene expression. Herein, we present evidence in support of this theory, based on several studies. We discuss melatonin's neuroprotective function, which plays an important role in aging, prolongation of life span, and health in the aged individual. It interacts with metals and, in some cases, neutralizes their toxic effects. Dietary supplementation of melatonin restores its age-related loss. In mice, an elevated brain melatonin significantly reduced levels of potentially toxic Aβ peptides. Thus, compensation of melatonin loss in aging by dietary supplementation could well be beneficial in terms of reducing metal-induced toxicity, lipid peroxidation, and losses in cholinergic signaling. We propose that certain cholinesterase inhibitors and the NMDA partial antagonist memantine, which are FDA-approved drugs for AD and useful to boost central nervous system functioning, can be made more effective by their combination with melatonin or other neuroprotectants. Herein, we highlight studies elucidating the role of the amyloid pathway, metals, melatonin, and the cholinergic system in the context of aging and AD. Finally, melatonin is present in edible plants and walnuts, and consuming foodstuffs containing melatonin would be beneficial by enhancing the antioxidative capacity of the organisms. © 2005 New York Academy of Sciences.

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