2015

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Novel topological phase due to coexistence of superconductivity and spin-density wave: Application to high Tc superconductors
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Gupta, Amit; Sa, Debanand
We consider a model of a coexistence phase between superconductivity(SC) and spin-density wave(SDW) where the SC is assumed to be of dx2-y2+idxy(d1+id2) symmetry and the SDW order parameter is of s-wave as well as dxy symmetry. The Hamiltonian having such a symmetry is shown to yield a novel topological coexistence phase in addition to the conventional one. It is shown that the amplitudes of both the order parameters determine a new phase diagram characterizing different topological phases. A possible experimental realization of such topological phases in a recent ARPES data of high Tc superconductors in the extreme underdoped regime is analyzed by considering the effective order parameter to be a combination of dx2-y2 SC and dxy SDW. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reductive dissolution of iron-oxyhydroxides directs groundwater arsenic mobilization in the upstream of Ganges River basin, Nepal
(Elsevier, 2015) Yadav, Ishwar Chandra; Devi, Ningombam Linthoingambi; Singh, Surendra
Mobilization of arsenic (As) in groundwater has become a focus of attention in recent years. A few years back, groundwater As is found as a geogenic contaminant in the upper stream Ganges River basin immediately adjoining to the Himalayan foothills (the Terai Region of Nepal). The source is said to be leached due to weathering of As-bearing minerals. In this study, geologic, hydrogeologic, and geochemical data were used to characterize the As source and the geochemical process controlling As-mobilization in the groundwater aquifers of Terai Region. The findings suggest that the reductive dissolution of iron-oxyhydroxide is the main mechanism of As-mobilization in Terai aquifers. This mechanism is supported by a number of evidences including, 1) presence of arsenolite and scorodite As-bearing minerals; 2) presence of high concentration of As, Fe and low concentration of SO42- and NO3-; 3) presence of strong linkage between As and HCO3- and negative correlation between As and oxidation reduction potential; 4) presence of abundant percentage of Fe and Mn-oxides in the sediment samples; 5) presence of similar depth profile trend of As with those of Fe and Mn-oxides; 6) presence of Fe, O and Mn confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis; and 6) presence of predominant form of As adsorbed on organic matter and Fe-oxyhydroxide phases of sequential leaching. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Enantiomeric fluoro-substituted benzothiazole Schiff base-valine Cu(II)/Zn(II) complexes as chemotherapeutic agents: DNA binding profile, cleavage activity, MTT assay and cell imaging studies
(Elsevier, 2015) Alizadeh, Rahman; Yousuf, Imtiyaz; Afzal, Mohd; Srivastav, Saurabh; Srikrishna, Saripella; Arjmand, Farukh
To evaluate the biological preference of chiral drugs toward DNA target, new metal-based chemotherapeutic agents of Cu(II) and Zn(II), l-/d-fluorobenzothiazole Schiff base-valine complexes 1 & 2 (a and b), respectively were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Preliminary in vitro DNA binding studies of ligand L and complexes 1 & 2 (a and b) were carried out in Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.2 to demonstrate the chiral preference of l-enantiomeric complexes over the d-analogues. The extent of DNA binding propensity was ascertained quantitatively by Kb, K and Ksv values which revealed greater binding propensity by l-enantiomeric Cu(II) complex 1a and its potency to act as a chemotherapeutic agent. The cleavage studies with pBR322 plasmid DNA revealed higher nuclease activity of 1a as compared to 2a via hydrolytic cleavage mechanism. The complexes 1 & 2 (a and b) were also screened for antimicrobial activity which demonstrated significantly good activity for l-enantiomeric complexes. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of the complexes 1a and 1b was evaluated by the MTT assay on human HeLa cancer cell line which implicated that more than 50% cells were viable at 15 μM. These results were further validated by cell imaging studies which demonstrated the nuclear blebbing. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Chip physically interacts with Notch and their stoichiometry is critical for Notch function in wing development and cell proliferation in Drosophila
(Elsevier, 2015) Sachan, Nalani; Mishra, Abhinava K.; Mutsuddi, Mousumi; Mukherjee, Ashim
Background Notch signaling plays a fundamental role both in metazoan cell fate determination and in the establishment of distinct developmental cell lineages. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified Chip as a binding partner of Notch. Thus, we investigated the functional significance of Notch and Chip interactions. Methods Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down experiments confirmed the physical interaction between Notch and Chip. Immunostaining revealed that Chip and Notch-intracellular domain (Notch-ICD) co-localized in cell nuclei. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function analyses of Chip were carried out using FLP/FRT and GAL4-UAS systems, respectively. Immunostaining and real-time PCR were performed to analyze the role of Chip on Notch-induced cell proliferation. Results Here, we report transcriptional cofactor Chip as a novel binding partner of Notch. Chip and Notch also showed strong genetic interactions, and Chip mutant clones in the dorsal compartment induced ectopic wing margins by ectopic expression of Notch and its targets, Wg and Cut. Our analyses revealed that stoichiometry of Notch and Chip is critical at the dorso-ventral (DV) boundary for wing margin formation. In addition, overexpression of Chip can rescue Notch-induced cell proliferation in larval imaginal discs. Conclusions Our results indicate that Notch function in the DV boundary area is presumably dependent on Notch-Chip heterodimer formation. In addition, overexpression of Chip can rescue Notch-induced cell proliferation, presumably through titration of overexpressed Notch-ICD by excess Chip molecules. General Significance: The present study reveals that Chip is a novel interacting partner of Notch and it plays a major role in Notch-induced DV margin formation and cell proliferation. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Titania prepared by ball milling: Its characterization and application as liquefied petroleum gas sensor
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2015) Yadav, B.C.; Singh, Satyendra; Yadav, T.P.
Present article reports the liquefied petroleum gas sensing of TiO2 obtained through ballmilling. Themilled powder was characterized by XRD, TEM, and UV-visible. Further the ball-milled powder was compressed into a pellet using hydraulic press. This pellet was investigated with the exposure of LPG. Variations in resistance with exposure of LPG to the sensing pellet were recorded. The sensitivity of the sensor was ? 11 for 5 vol.% of LPG. Response and recovery times of the sensor were ∼ 100 and 250 s. The sensor was quite sensitive to LPG and results were found reproducible within ±91%. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Shevra, C.R.; Ghosh, A.; Kumar, M.
Background: Proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells are regulated by various cell cycle promoting and inhibiting factors. Our knowledge about these proteins and mechanisms regulating cell cycle progression has increased dramatically in recent years. Aim: The present study was undertaken to examine the expression profile of cell cycle regulatory proteins in normal proliferative endometrium, hyperplasias (simple, complex and atypical) and endometrial carcinoma in a quantitative approach as also to assess correlations of Cyclin D1 expression with Ki-67 a proliferation marker. Settings and Design: A retrospective case control study in a tertiary referral centre. Materials and Methods: We evaluated and compared the expression profile of Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expressions in 61 endometrial samples submitted as either endometrial curetting or hysterectomy specimens, which were diagnosed as simple hyperplasia (n =11), complex hyperplasia (n = 13), atypical hyperplasia (n = 7), and endometrial carcinoma (n = 20). Results: There was increased expression of Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 in patients with endometrial carcinoma relative to proliferative endometrium and simple hyperplasia, but there was no such difference between cases of atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Cyclin D1 expression had a positive correlation with Ki-67 expression. Cyclin D1 together with Ki-67 may be a marker for endometrial carcinogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. © 2015, Journal of Postgraduate Medicine January. All Rights Reserved.
Investigational drugs for visceral leishmaniasis
(Informa Healthcare, 2015) Sundar, Shyam; Chakravarty, Jaya
Introduction: The armamentarium of antileishmanial drugs is small. It is further being threatened by the development of resistance and decreasing sensitivity to the available drugs. The development of newer drugs is sorely needed.; Areas covered: The authors have based their review on a literature search performed using PubMed. The article specifically looks at investigational drugs, which have demonstrated, at the very least, in vitro and in vivo activities against the leishmania species that cause visceral leishmaniasis. Specifically, the authors review the nitroimidazole compound fexinidazole, which is one of the few drugs which have reached Phase II trials. The article also discusses the R enantiomer of (S)-PA-824, which has shown good antileishmanial activity. Finally, the article also highlights the many novel delivery systems and oral formulations of amphotericin B, which are both cheap and less toxic and are currently under investigation.; Expert opinion: Very few new drugs have reached the clinic for this neglected tropical disease and there is an urgent need for new efficacious therapeutics. The authors believe that support from public-private partnerships would help in enabling the prompt development of drug candidates that could potentially make the clinic. © 2015 Informa UK, Ltd.
Microstructure and properties of electrochemically deposited Ni-Fe/Si3N4 nanocomposites from a DMF bath
(Electrochemical Society Inc., 2015) Tripathi, Manoj Kumar; Singh, Dhananjay Kumar; Singh, V.B.
This paper deals with successful co-deposition of Ni-Fe/Si3N4 nanocomposites applying various current densities (0.5-3.0 A dm-2) from a sulfamate-DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) bath containing different concentration of Si3N4 nanoparticles. The nanocomposits have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis. The microhardness, magnetic and electrical properties along with thermal stability has been evaluated. A maximum of 13.6 wt% Si3N4 particles is incorporated in the metallic matrix from 10 g/L bath load of the ceramic particles. The matrix has face-centred-cubic structure. The crystallite size of the nanocomposites is found in the range of 8-13 nm while the strain values ranged between 0.0081 and 0.01. The magnetic measurement reveals superparamagnetic character of the coatings. Occlusion of nano-Si3N4 renders superior hardness to the matrix metal. The hydrogen content in the coatings is minimal, i.e. nearly 6 ppm, which does not cause any adverse effect on the micro- and crystallographic structure of the composites. © 2014 The Electrochemical Society.
Anomalous electrical properties of poly vinyl alcohol films with Tb3+ ions and copper nanoparticles in different solvents
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Kumar, Brijesh; Kaur, Gagandeep; Singh, Prabhakar; Rai, S.B.
Laser ablation was used to fabricate copper nanoparticles (NPs) in different solvents from sodium lauryl sulphate, acetone and ethanol by applying 1064 nm radiation from a Nd:YAG laser. The sizes and shapes of the colloidal Cu NPs were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrical conductivities of Tb3+ in polymer films with Cu NPs were measured in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 1 MHz and the temperature range of 308-343 K. It was found that the electrical conductivity of Tb3+ was greater for larger Cu NPs with sizes ranging from 20-40 nm in ethanol as compared to Cu NPs with smaller dimensions formed in the other two solvents. It was concluded that using ethanol as the solvent enhanced the electrical conductivity of Tb3+ in the polymer film. The activation energy as well as the variation in the loss tangent with temperature also explains the enhanced electrical conductivity. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.
Mesobuthus tamulus venom induces acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats involving additional mechanisms as compared to oleic acid model
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Akella, Aparna; Tiwari, Anil K.; Patne, Shashikant C.U.; Deshpande, Shripad B.
The present study was undertaken to determine whether acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is produced after Mesobuthus tamulus (MBT) envenomation and compared it with oleic acid (OA)-induced ARDS. The trachea, jugular vein and femoral artery were cannulated in anesthetized adult rats. Lethal dose of MBT venom (5 mg/kg) or OA (75 μL) was administered intravenously and the time-dependent changes in respiratory frequency (RF), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded. Minute ventilation (MV) and the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio were also determined. At the end lungs were excised, one lung was used for histopathological examination and the other was used for determination of pulmonary water content physically. MBT venom or OA produced hypoxemia, pulmonary pathology (alveolar damage, infiltration of inflammatory cells, capillary damage and exudation) and pulmonary edema implicating for ARDS. However, the hypoxemia in MBT venom group was associated with decreased MV, apnea/bradypnea, and bradycardia whereas, in OA group it was seen with increased MV, tachypnea, and tachycardia. Lack of effect of hypoxemic drive on RF/MV or HR in MBT venom group unlike OA group, suggests the involvement of medullary centers. The present results demonstrate that MBT venom produces ARDS. However MBT venom-induced ARDS involves pulmonary as well as extrapulmonary mechanisms. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A newton-like method for solving generalized operator equations and variational inequalities
(Yokohama Publications, 2015) Sahu, D.R.; Singh, K.K.; Singh, V.K.; Cho, Y.J.
Intlris paper, we present a semilocal convergence analysis of a Newton- like method for solving the generalized operator equations in Hilbert spaces and also discuss the convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm under weak con- ditions. We establish sharp generalizations of Kantorovich theory for operator equations when the derivative is not necessarily invertible. As a simple con- sequence of our result, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of solutions of mixed variational inequality problems. Finally, we give numerical examples for the equations involving single valued as well as multi-valued mappings. © 2015.
Volume of contrast and selectivity for lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection
(American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians, 2015) Makkar, Jeetinder Kaur; Singh, Narinder Pal; Rastogi, Varinder
Background: It has been shown that L4/L5 selective nerve root blocks become nonselective after injecting 1 mL and 0.5 mL of contrast. Volumes of less than 0.5 mL have not been used to determine a volume of definite specificity. Objective: This study attempts to identify the minimum volume of contrast at which selectivity is maintained without spread to the superior or inferior end plate. Study Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, observational human study of 70 patients receiving lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection. Methods: Using biplanar imaging, needle tip position was confirmed just caudad to the pedicle shadow at 6 o’clock position in the AP view and mid or ventral aspect of the foramen in the lateral view. Contrast was then injected in aliquots of 0.2 mL to a total volume of 2.0 mL. Fluoroscopic images were recorded at 0.2 mL increments. These images were evaluated to determine which 0.2 mL volume increment was no longer specific. Volume of contrast at which the spread extended to the superior and inferior end plates and crossed the midline to the contralateral side was also recorded. Results: Three patients had extraforaminal flow and one had an initial intravascular injection. Data were analyzed for 66 patients. Average (s.d) volume of contrast at which selectivity was demonstrated was 0.41 mL (0.26). Superior and inferior spread was noted at 0.82 mL (0.49) and 0.83 mL (0.44), respectively. Seventy-eight point eight percent of SNRB were selective for the specified nerve root after injecting 0.2ml of dye. Selectivity decreased to 33.3% after injecting 0.6 mL; 1.2 mL of dye injected was selective only in 6% of patients. Superior spread of contrast was more common as compared to inferior (P = 0.016). Also, initial spread was superior in 50% of cases at L4 level and 64.7% at L5 level (P <0.05). Limitations: Relatively small number of patients with a nonrandomized design. Conclusions: Diagnostic selective nerve root blocks limiting injectate to a single, ipsilateral segmental level cannot reliably be considered diagnostically selective with volumes as low as 0.2 mL. Also, spread of the contrast to the superior nerve root was more likely than spread to the inferior nerve root. © 2015 American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians. All rights reserved.
Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, attenuates hyperammonemia and improves circadian locomotor deficits, redox balance, and astrocytic markers in rats
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Subramanian, Perumal; Jayakumar, Murugesan; Singaravel, Muniyandi; Kumar, Dhanananajay; Basu, Priyoneel; Jayapalan, Jaime Jacqueline; Hashim, Onn Haji
Fisetin, a bioactive flavonoid, found in many fruits, was administered orally (50 mg/kg body weight) to hyperammonemic rats (treated with ammonium chloride (AC) for 8 weeks (i.p. injections, 100 mg/kg body weight). Treatment with AC augmented oxidative stress, levels of ammonia, enzymes (alanine and aspartate transaminases and alkaline phosphatase) in blood, glutamate and glutamine content in brain, caused disturbances in the circadian locomotor rhythm with a reduction in amplitude and period and downregulated the expression of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in brain. Co-treatment of fisetin treatment with AC, prevented the AC-induced elevation in oxidative stress, normalized the levels of ammonia, transaminases and alkaline phosphatase in circulation, glutamate and glutamine in brain, upregulated the expression of sGC and GFAP and stabilized the circadian locomotor rhythm. Thus, fisetin assuages AC induced effects through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Hydrothermal synthesis of a uniformly dispersed hybrid graphene-TiO2 nanostructure for optical and enhanced electrochemical applications
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Kumar, Rajesh; Singh, Rajesh Kumar; Kumar Dubey, Pawan; Singh, Dinesh Pratap; Yadav, Ram Manohar; Tiwari, Radhey Shyam
Highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets were achieved by hydrothermal treatment of graphene nanosheets obtained by modified Hummer's method followed by thermal exfoliation. The hybrid graphene TiO2 nanostructure composite (H-GTN) showed enhanced optical and electrochemical properties for future application as a supercapacitor. The structural, optical and electrochemical properties of the composite are systematically investigated. The as-prepared H-GTN showed a quenching phenomenon of its photoluminescence properties, which was attributed to the specific properties of graphene. Remarkably, the CV test obtained for H-GTN showed a very high specific capacitance value up to 530 F g-1 at a scan rate of 3 mV s-1, and nearly stable capacitance of 400 F g-1 above 20 mV s-1. The cyclic stability test shows stable behavior after some initial cycles and the stability was then retained without obvious aging or performance degradation, showing long cyclic stability. This is attributed to the excellent electrochemical performance of the H-GTN electrode material for practical application in energy storage devices. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.
CuSO4-d-glucose, an inexpensive and eco-efficient catalytic system: Direct access to diverse quinolines through modified Friedländer approach involving SNAr/reduction/annulation cascade in one pot
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Anand, Namrata; Chanda, Tanmoy; Koley, Suvajit; Chowdhury, Sushobhan; Singh, Maya Shankar
A highly efficient and scalable multicomponent domino reaction for the synthesis of functionalized/annulated quinolines is devised directly from 2-bromoaromatic aldehydes/ketones in H2O-EtOH mixture for the first time. The key to this reaction is the use of an air-stable, eco-efficient and inexpensive CuSO4-d-glucose catalyst system, which is able to catalyze multiple transformations in one pot. The approach is carbon-economic and relies on sequential SNAr/reduction/Friedländer annulation steps, forming C-C and C-N bonds by cleavage of the Csp2-Br bond in a single synthetic operation. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and affords products in good to excellent yields. © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
GA trained parallel hidden layered ANN based differential protection of three phase power transformer
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Balaga, Harish; Gupta, Neha; Vishwakarma, Devendra Nath
Transformer protection is an established area of research to find the fastest and efficient differential relay algorithm that isolates the transformer from remaining system causing least damage. Algorithm should also avoid mal-operation when differentiating between the operating conditions. Various differential algorithms were proposed in the past, allowing a scope for further research. In this paper, ANN is used as a pattern classifier which discriminates among normal, magnetizing inrush, over-excitation and internal fault currents in a power transformer. The proposed scheme has been realized through different ANN architectures including a new customized parallel-hidden layered design, which originates to be more accurate in differentiating between the normal wave and faulty wave despite the shape similarity. A combination of two ANNs in Master-Slave mode has also been discussed. Back Propagation (BP) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used to train the multi-layered feed forward neural network and their simulated results are compared. The neural network trained by GA gives more accurate results (in terms of mean square error) than by BP Algorithm. Simulated data are used as an input to the ANN to verify the accuracy of the algorithm. Thus, GA trained Master-Slave ANN based differential protection scheme provides faster, accurate, more secured and dependable relay for power transformers. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
EPR, Mössbauer and magnetic studies of coordination polymers of type [CuxFey(dedb)·2H2O]n (dedb Combining double low line dianion of 2,5-dichloro-3,6-bis (ethylamino)-1,4-benzoquinone) (x Combining double low line 0-1, y Combining double low line 0-1)
(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2015) Singh, Deepshikha; Kòtai, Làszlò; Lazar, Karoly; Prasad, R.L.
Spectroscopic studies of newly synthesized coordination polymers of the type [CuxFey(dedb)·2H2O]n {where dedb Combining double low line dianion of 2,5-dichloro-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (1); x Combining double low line 1, y Combining double low line 0 (2); 0, 0.67 (3); 0.5, 0.33 (4); 0.25, 0.5 (5); 0.125, 0.583 (6); 0.0625, 0.625 (7) and n Combining double low line degree of polymerization} have been carried out by IR, Mössbauer and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction studies reveal the crystalline nature of the polymers. Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopic studies and variable temperature susceptibility measurements indicate the presence of high spin Fe(III) (S Combining double low line 5/2) in the polymers. A rare coexistence of ferromagnetism and electrical conductivity observed is discussed under present communication. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Determinants of price of mustard seed and mustard oil in domestic markets of India
(Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd., 2015) Chand Meena, Dinesh; Singh, O.P.; Kumari, Maina
India imports about half of its domestic consumption needs of edible oils. Among the different edible oilseeds grown in India, mustard occupies an important position as a large proportion of the Indian population consumes it as a vegetable oil. The farmers' decision regarding area allocation under oilseed crops is largely influenced by the prices of oilseeds. The study attempted to find the determinants of price of mustard seed and mustard oil in the domestic markets of India. A multiple linear regression analysis was fitted for the time series data. The results revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between prices of sesame seed and mustard seed as well as between prices of soya oil and mustard oil. Therefore, it was concluded that sesame seed and soya oil were the close substitutes of the mustard seed and mustard oil respectively in the selected markets.
Role of ionic liquid [BMIMPF6] in modifying the crystallization kinetics behavior of the polymer electrolyte PEO-LiClO4
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Chaurasia, S.K.; Shalu; Gupta, A.K.; Verma, Y.L.; Singh, V.K.; Tripathi, A.K.; Saroj, A.L.; Singh, R.K.
We report on the modification in crystallization kinetics behavior of PEO + 10 wt% LiClO4 polymer electrolyte by the addition of an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6). Three techniques have been used for studying crystallization kinetics, viz., (i) isothermal crystallization technique using DSC, (ii) non-isothermal crystallization technique using DSC, and (iii) by monitoring the growth of spherulites with time in the polymer electrolyte films using a polarizing optical microscope (POM). Results from all the three techniques show that the presence of ionic liquid BMIMPF6 suppresses the crystallization rate due to its plasticization effect. Isothermal crystallization data was well described by the Avrami equation, and Avrami exponent n lies in the range of 1 to 2, which signifies 2D crystal growth geometry occurring in these polymer electrolytes under the investigated temperature range. However, the Avrami crystallization rate constant 'K' increases exponentially with crystallization temperature and ionic liquid content as well. However, the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of these polymer electrolytes is discussed in terms of three different models (Jeziorny's, Ozawa's and Mo's method), and it is found that Mo's method better explains the non-isothermal crystallization data. In addition, crystalline morphology and spherulite growth were studied by POM, which shows the suppression in crystallization in the presence of ionic liquid, as confirmed by spherulite growth rate (Gs) analysis. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.
Early workings and modern science: Some reactions to current happenings
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2015) Ramakrishnan, T.V.
[No abstract available]

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