2023

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Overview of Green Nanofabrication Technologies for Food Quality and Safety Applications
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Pandhi, Shikha; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Kumar, Arvind
Green nanotechnology has emerged as a sustainable fabrication technology that has offered tremendous frontiers in the field of food science. This review intends to provide a succinct overview of various green nanofabrication technologies including green creation of nanoparticles using biological sources explicitly from plants as natural reducing agents. In addition, the review explores various biocompatible nano delivery systems for nanoencapsulation of food ingredients for enhancing the sensorial and functional properties food products. Promising applications based on these approaches employing active and smart packaging systems, nanosensors along with functional foods for ensuring food quality and safety have been briefly outlined. Abbreviations: AgNPs: Silver nanoparticles; EOs: Essential Oils; Nm: Nanometer; NPs: Nanoparticles; NLC: Nanostructured lipid carrier; (O/W): Oil-in-water; NLC: Nanostructured lipid carrier; PHB: Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate); PVA: Polyvinyl alcohol; RFID: Radiofrequency identification; SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; SLN: Solid lipid nanoparticles; UV-Visible: Ultraviolet–visible; (W/O): Water-in-oil. © 2021 Taylor & Francis.
An insight into SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein interaction with spike, envelope, and nucleocapsid proteins
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Kumar, Prateek; Kumar, Amit; Garg, Neha; Giri, Rajanish
Intraviral protein–protein interactions are crucial for replication, pathogenicity, and viral assembly. Among these, virus assembly is a critical step as it regulates the arrangements of viral structural proteins and helps in the encapsulation of genomic material. SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins play an essential role in the self-rearrangement, RNA encapsulation, and mature virus particle formation. In SARS-CoV, the membrane protein interacts with the envelope and spike protein in Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Complex (ERGIC) to form an assembly in the lipid bilayer, followed by membrane-ribonucleoprotein (nucleocapsid) interaction. In this study, we tried to understand the interaction of membrane protein’s interaction with envelope, spike, and nucleocapsid proteins using protein–protein docking. Further, simulation studies were performed up to 100 ns to examine the stability of protein–protein complexes of Membrane-Envelope, Membrane-Spike, and Membrane-Nucleocapsid proteins. Prime MM-GBSA showed high binding energy calculations for the simulated structures than the docked complex. The interactions identified in our study will be of great importance, as it provides valuable insight into the protein–protein complex, which could be the potential drug targets for future studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Green and blue light-dependent morphogenesis, decoupling of phycobilisomes and higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid contents in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Maurya, Pankaj K.; Mondal, Soumila; Kumar, Vinod; Singh, Shailendra P.
Cyanobacteria are one of the emerging model systems for the sequestration of CO2 and sustainable production of bioenergy and chemicals. However, the spectral composition of light, which changes greatly in a dynamic light environment, could affect their fitness, growth and development. We studied the photobiology of the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 using different lights such as white light (WL), red light (RL), green light (GL) and blue light (BL) to investigate the response of the organism to different wavelengths of photosynthetic active radiation. Results obtained suggested that S. elongatus PCC 7942 can not efficiently utilize green and blue wavelengths of light, and the two light colors compromised the fitness and growth of the organism by inducing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). GL and BL, interestingly, increased the lipid content in the biomass and caused decoupling of phycobilisomes from the thylakoid membranes. We report light quality-dependent morphogenesis in S. elongatus PCC 7942 where GL and BL caused cell elongation while RL induced small cell morphology. Gene expression analysis suggested that GL and BL could regulate cell shape by altering the expression of cytoskeleton protein-encoding morphogenes. Thus, it is evident that the growth and fitness of S. elongatus PCC 7942 can be compromised in dense culture or at higher depths in the water column where GL and/or BL-enriched environment prevails. However, decreased fitness is offset by increased lipid content and elongated cellular morphology. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Evaluating combined effect of different coated urea with PGPR on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in lowland rice by regression model and principal component analysis approach
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Sharma, Sachin; Bahuguna, Ayush; Parihar, Manoj; Yadav, Janardan; Singh, Surendra
Nitrogen (N) loss is a key problem in rice fields, which results in low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of applied N and could be a major limitation from economic and environmental perspectives. In order to improve the NUE, use of slow or controlled released N fertilizers could be a potential alternative to the conventional N inputs. With this objective to evaluate the effect of different slow-release fertilizers on NUE and grain yield of rice, a pot experiment was conducted during kharif 2017 at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi. The experiment comprised thirteen treatments including control, Polymer (PCU) and Neem coated urea (NCU) and their combination with Farm yard manure (FYM) and Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The combined application of PCU, NCU, FYM and PGPR in treatment T12 provided highest grain yield 47.98 gpot−1and followed by T8 46.60 gpot−1. The result showed that, compared with the PCU treatment T2 (PCU100 Split), the Agronomic efficiency (AE) and Apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANR%) of the mixed doses of coated urea treatment T12 (PCU50 NCU50 FYM10 PGPR Basal) increased by 20.38% and 28.48% respectively. Therefore, application of FYM and PGPR with coated urea improved rice yield, nutrient uptake and their use efficiency and potentially recommended in eastern plain of the Indo-Gangetic Plain for the sustainable production of rice crop. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Memory type ratio and product estimators under ranked-based sampling schemes
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Aslam, Irfan; Noor-ul-Amin, Muhammad; Hanif, Muhammad; Sharma, Prayas
The exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) statistic is utilized the past information along with the present to enhance the efficiency of the estimators used for estimating the population parameters. In this study, the EWMA statistic is used for the estimation of population mean with suitable auxiliary information. The memory type ratio and product estimators are proposed under ranked-based sampling (RBS) schemes including extreme ranked set sampling, median ranked set sampling, and quartile ranked set sampling. The expressions of mean square errors (MSE) of the proposed estimators are derived. An extensive simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimators. An empirical study is presented based on real-life data that supports the findings of the simulation study. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Variability of air quality and aerosol over Indian region during 2003–2012
(Springer, 2023) Kumar, Sanjay; Singh, Narendra; Singh, R.P.; Siingh, Devendraa
The Indo-Gangetic basin is one of the biggest, most populated and polluted regions in the world. Satellite- and ground-based data show strong seasonal variability of aerosol loading with a maximum during pre-monsoon (summer) season. In this study, decadal (2003–2012) variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from AERONET measurements over Kanpur is presented which indicates maximum AOD during 2003 and minimum during 2012. The aerosol size distribution (ASD) exhibits an increase in the radius and a decrease in the width of distribution. It shows an enhancement during 2003 and 2010 and diminished values during 2004, 2007, 2009 and 2011. The ASD is found to show a peak during summer season (pre-monsoon) throughout 2003–2012 only except the years 2008 and 2011. Moreover, for years 2008 and 2011 ASD showed a peak value during a monsoon month (July). Changes in the spectrum of ASD are explained in terms of surface temperature and precipitation. Seasonal variation of aerosol radiative forcing and its climatic impacts have also been discussed. © 2022, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science.
A deep learning computational approach for the classification of COVID-19 virus
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Perepi, Rajarajeswari; Santhi, K.; Chattopadhyay, Pratik; O, Anwar Bég
Deep learning and transfer learning are being extensively adopted in biomedical, health and well-being related applications. As per worldwide agreement proclamation from the Fleischner Society, registered computer tomography is an applicable screening instrument owing to its higher efficiency in identifying early pneumonic changes since lung infection is a major manifestation of the covid 19 virus. Notwithstanding, doctors are still very involved battling COVID-19 in this period of overall emergency and new variants of the virus are emerging (delta, omicron) even after two years. Hence, it is urgent to speed up the advancement of AI consciousness indicative device to help doctors. Regardless of colossal endeavors, it remains extremely difficult to create a powerful model to aid the exact measurement appraisal of COVID-19 from the chest CT pictures. The idea of obscured limits, regulated division techniques generally experience the ill effects of explanation predispositions.Imagebased finding, it is envisaged will achieve significant improvements in more rapidly, effectively and accurately identifying Covid contamination in human beings. In this paper we have proposed CNN based multi-picture growth procedure for recognizing COVID-19 in CT scans of Covid speculated patients. We have proposed framework implements deep learning via multi-faceted CNN with high accuracy. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Forecasting of non-renewable and renewable energy production in India using optimized discrete grey model
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Pandey, Alok Kumar; Singh, Pawan Kumar; Nawaz, Muhammad; Kushwaha, Amrendra Kumar
Renewable energy delivers reliable power supplies and fuel diversification, enhancing energy security and lowering fuel spill risk. Renewable energy also helps conserve the nation’s natural resources. Solar and other renewable energy sources have become increasingly prominent in recent years. India has achieved the 20 GW capacity solar energy production target before 2022. It is presently producing the lowest-cost solar power at the global level. Thermal energy has dominated the energy market. Countries have decided on energy generation from renewable sources and adopting green energy. This study forecasted non-renewable and renewable energy from multiple sources (hydropower, solar, wind and bioenergy) using grey forecasting model DGM (1,1,α). The comparative analyses with the classical models DGM (1,1) and EGM (1,1) revealed the superiority of the DGM (1,1,α). We also used CAGR for 2009–2019 to compare the actual and predicted data growth rate. The results show that non-renewable and renewable energy production is expected to increase. However, renewable energy generation wind sources continue to increase faster than hydropower, solar and bioenergy. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Optimization of Transmitter Semi-Angle and Ambient Noise Cancellation for Indoor Visible Light Communications
(Greater Mekong Subregion Academic and Research Network, Asian Institute of Technology, 2023) Verma, Aanchal; Pandey, Amritanshu
Visible light communication (VLC) is unquestionably a viable method for dealing with the ever-increasing traffic on wireless networks. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are used for lighting, can be used to convey high-speed data. The optical power determines the indoor VLC link performance. A fundamental challenge in this regard is to design an optimized design of visible light communication with the uniform power distribution and minimize the interference of the ambient light in the daytime. The optimization of transmitter semi-angle and ambient noise cancellation for indoor visible light communications is discussed in this study. The study shows that lowering the semi-angle improves average received optical power while raising power fluctuations on the receiver's plane. In order to resolve this trade-off, we use a unique and simple optimization method for calculating the appropriate transmitter semi-angle that maximizes received power while reducing power variation around the room. By adjusting the number of LED panels and their placements on the plane of the transmitter, the best configuration based on the optimization function is selected. The effects of utilizing a differential optical receiver on SNR distribution in optimal VLC indoor configuration is discussed, which results in better SNR, and the ability to suppress ambient light and other atmospheric noise. © 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Assessing the impact of global initiatives on current and future land restoration scenarios in India
(Academic Press Inc., 2023) Edrisi, Sheikh Adil; Bundela, Amit Kumar; Verma, Vivek; Dubey, Pradeep Kumar; Abhilash, Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil
Land degradation across the world has resulted in an unprecedented decline of ecosystem services, affecting the livelihood of 3.2 billion people globally. Sustainable land management is essential to protect our finite land resources from over-exploitation and degradation. Therefore, the present article was aimed to analyze the impacts of various national and international policies on current and future land restoration scenarios in India. A spatially explicit model (CLUMondo) was employed to predict scenarios, i.e., the ‘business as usual’ (BU) and ‘sustainable restoration’ (SR) by 2030. Though the results showed an increasing trend in land degradation, i.e., from 44.28 to 49.74 Mha during the period of 2005–15, a slight decrease was observed in 2019 (49.24 Mha), suggesting a net increase of 11.21% during the 2005–19 period. However, an increase in forest cover by 5.08% under existing policy targets overtook the degradation rate by restoration initiatives. The net decline in degraded land area by 1% with an increased forest cover by 1.83% observed during the 2015–19 periods reflected the positive impact of various national and global policies on existing restoration ventures in India. Our modeled results (weighted AUC = 0.87) also suggested an increase in forest cover by 6.9% and 9.9% under BU and SR scenarios, respectively. Under the BU scenario, degraded land will be restored up to 12.1 Mha; however, 6.27 Mha of these lands will be converted to cropland for food production. Importantly, a decrease in grasslands by 35.1% under the BU scenario warrants the urgency to maintain the integrity of such ecological systems. However, the SR scenario showed an increase in grasslands by 8.9%, with an overall restoration of degraded land up to 18.31 Mha. Moreover, a reduced cropland expansion rate of 1% suggested an effective land management response. While our results may have some uncertainties due to the model limitations, they can still be used for framing suitable land management policies to facilitate sustainable land restoration programs in India. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
A survey of patients visiting an Ayurvedic teaching hospital for factors influencing the decision to choose ayurveda as a health care provider
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Rastogi, Sanjeev; Tiwari, Vandana; Jatav, Swayam Prabha; Singh, Nilendra; Verma, Sonam; Verma, Sharmishtha; Sharma, Krishna Gopal; Pandey, Preeti; Singh, Girish
Study Background: In a pluralistic health care delivery model, it is important to assess whether the individual's health care choices are based upon evidences of efficacy and safety. Since the essence of medical pluralism lies in the fact that all such systems are equally accessible to a seeker, in such situation, it is highly relevant to check what defines such choices in real life. Objective: To identify the factors influencing the health care choices in a subpopulation seeking Ayurveda health care in an Ayurvedic teaching hospital. Materials and Method: The study was an all-inclusive cross sectional survey, done on randomly selected out patients visiting an Ayurveda teaching hospital. The data was collected using a 21 items questionnaire refined through pilot testing from 7.9.2017 to 30.9.2017. Results: The data of 289 respondents who have given their consent were included in statistical analysis. Out of 21 variables studied for their agreement or disagreement in the study population 8 were found to have a significant proportion in favour of agreement. Among these relative safety (Item 9); disease eradicating potential (Item 14); belief (Item 3) and indirect evidences of efficacy (Item 4) were found to have high significance (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Participants chose Ayurveda treatment due to its perceived safety and probability of helping in a particular clinical condition. Contrary to the common perception, enabling factors like availability, accessibility and affordability were given less importance by the participants in making health care choices related to Ayurveda. © 2021 The Authors
Controls on rare earth elements distribution from Kerala coast, southwest India over the past 2000 years
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Manoj, M.C.; Thakur, Biswajeet; Uddandam, Prem Raj
Climate changes on the Southwest coast of India have essential impacts on social and economic development, and the ecosystem of Southern India. Here, we present the last 2000 cal yr AD rare earth elemental records of the sediment core from the Cherai, Kerala coast, southwest India. The light rare earth elements (LREE) were the most abundant fraction in the core sediment, followed by medium rare earth elements (MREE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE). Total REE (ΣREE) showed a significant correlation with fine fractions and Y, Al, Ti, Fe and total organic carbon content of the sediments, suggesting an intrinsic relationship between REE, total organic carbon and fine grain-size fraction. The LREE and MREE were enriched over the MREE due to their high adsorption with the fine fraction. The lack of correlation between terrigenous elements and low Y/Ho elemental ratio suggests a minor shift in the source materials. High ΣREE values during warm (Medieval Warm Period/ Medieval Climate Anomaly (MWP/MCA) and cold Little Ice Age (LIA) periods indicate a high influx of lithogenous materials during these intervals. The negative δCe values except MCA suggest a suboxic condition and the δEu values suggest feldspar-rich source rock material derived from moderately weathered sediments. It also indicates that the REE variations are controlled by factors like river supply, biological productivity and redox condition. A close link between monsoonal precipitation and REE records existed on the southwest coast of India. During the Dark Age Cold Period (DACP)/MWP transition, a sudden increase in monsoon is documented and the monsoon precipitation was further decreased during LIA and Current Warming Period. The Cherai core REE records synchronize with the episodes of centennial-scale warm/cool events and essentially follow the northern hemispheric climate cycles. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Vertical distribution of heavy metals in Karewa deposits of South Kashmir: environmental contamination and health risk assessment
(Institute for Ionics, 2023) Bhat, N.A.; Bhat, A.A.; Guha, D.B.; Singh, B.P.
Thirty six soil samples from twelve well developed soil profiles were collected from Karewa Deposits of South Kashmir and analyzed for heavy metals including As, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn and Co to assess the vertical distribution of heavy metals and their effects on environment and human health. The concentration of heavy metals decreases in the order as Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > As > Cd. The enrichment factor (EF) of As ranges from 3.35 to 8.52 with an average of 5.54 indicating moderate to moderately severe pollution of soils. However, the EF of other heavy metals ranged from 0.31 to 3.9, indicating negligible to moderate enrichment. The ecological risk index (ERI) ranged from 69.30 to 198.003 with an average of 124.89 indicating low to moderate ecological risk. Along the soil profiles, heavy metals, EF and ERI exhibit more or less similar trend, first decreases from soil C to regolith and then increases towards the topsoil of the profiles except for Pb, which decreases from bottom to top. In both children and adult, the sequence of the distinctive exposures for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic doses in soils were in the order as ingestion > dermal > inhalation. The total hazard index (THI) of heavy metals were < 1, indicating negligible non-carcinogenic risks to children and adult. However, the total carcinogenic risks (TCR) of As for adults and As and Cr for children were higher than threshold value of 1.0E-04 indicating chromium and arsenic pose high carcinogenic risks to the inhabitants of South Kashmir, India. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University.
Ab initio modelling of an essential mammalian protein: Transcription Termination Factor 1 (TTF1)
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Tiwari, Kumud; Gangopadhyay, Aditi; Singh, Gajender; Singh, Vinay Kumar; Singh, Samarendra Kumar
Transcription Termination Factor 1 (TTF1) is an essential mammalian protein that regulates transcription, replication fork arrest, DNA damage repair, chromatin remodelling etc. TTF1 interacts with numerous cellular proteins to regulate various cellular phenomena which play a crucial role in maintaining normal cellular physiology, and dysregulation of this protein has been reported to induce oncogenic transformation of the cells. However, despite its key role in many cellular processes, the complete structure of human TTF1 has not been elucidated to date, neither experimentally nor computationally. Therefore, understanding the structure of human TTF1 is crucial for studying its functions and interactions with other cellular factors. The aim of this study was to construct the complete structure of human TTF1 protein, using molecular modelling approaches. Owing to the lack of suitable homologues in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), the complete structure of human TTF1 was constructed by ab initio modelling. The structural stability was determined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in explicit solvent, and trajectory analyses. The frequently occurring conformation of human TTF1 was selected by trajectory clustering, and the central residues of this conformation were determined by centrality analyses of the Residue Interaction Network (RIN) of TTF1. Two residue clusters, one in the oligomerization domain and other in the C-terminal domain, were found to be central to the structural stability of human TTF1. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the complete structure of this essential mammalian protein, and the results obtained herein will provide structural insights for future research including that in cancer biology and related studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
A Bayes Analysis and Comparison of Arrhenius Weibull and Arrhenius Lognormal Models under Competing Risk
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Gupta, Ankita; Ranjan, Rakesh; Upadhyay, Satyanshu K.
The paper considers constant stress accelerated life test situations under a competing risk scenario. The different groups of experimental units are operated at different accelerated levels of stress and, at each level, the units are exposed to fail from two competing causes of failures. For modeling the failure times resulting from such a test, the paper considers two competing risk models. The first model is based on the minimum of two Weibull failure times whereas the second one is based on the minimum of two lognormal failure times. In order to study the effect of covariates on failure times, the scale parameter of component models in each modeling framework has been regressed using the Arrhenius relationship. The paper performs a complete Bayes analysis of both the considered models for a real dataset arising from a temperature accelerated life test experiment and compares the two models using a few standard Bayesian tools. Bayes analysis is done using vague but proper priors for the parameters. Moreover, the considered models result in to intractable posterior distributions and, therefore, the paper uses the Metropolis algorithm to draw the desired posterior based inferences. For censored data situations, however, the intermediate Gibbs steps are used as updating mechanism by defining full conditionals corresponding to unknown censored data. The plausibility of both the models for entertained dataset has also been checked before performing their comparison. A numerical example based on a real dataset is provided for illustration. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Molecular modelling study to discover novel JAK2 signaling pathway inhibitor
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Singh, Amit; Mishra, Abha
The JAK2/STAT signaling cascades facilitates receptor signals which is responsible for cell growth, survival and homeostasis. Ligand binding to JAKs causes phosphorylation other proteins known as STATs, which translocate to the nucleus and regulate transcription of several important proteins. Growth hormone, prolactin and γ-interferon known agonists of JAK STAT receptors, signal to the nucleus by a more direct manner than the receptor tyrosine kinases. Mutations in JAKs may be responsible for immunodeficiency and myeloproliferative disorders because of its important role in cytokine signaling and making the pathway a therapeutic target for various disease. The present study screened Zinc database to find novel JAK2 inhibitors using virtual high throughput screening techniques. Selection of compound for further study was on the basis of docking score, free energy and binding pattern of the compound. Molecular simulation and MM/GBSA free energy was evaluated for the binding interactions and the stability of docked conformations. Several parameters which determine protein ligand interaction like RMSD, RMSF, Rg and binding pattern were observed. Hydrogen bonds (Glu 930, 932 and Asp 994) after 150 ns simulation were observed between identified compound INC000096136346 and it was similar to known inhibitor ruxolitinib. MM/GBSA free energy was comparable to known inhibitor ruxolitinib. ZINC000096136346 qualify Lipinski’s rule of five, rule of three, WDI like rule and there is one violation in lead like rule. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Exploring the role of death and dying in shaping the identity of Hindu elderly people: a medico-religious approach
(Routledge, 2023) Singh, Renuka
This article specifically focuses on the dialectic of identity of elderly people in the context of religious, cultural, and medical epistemology of death and dying. By discussing traditional religious ideologies and contemporary medical practices appertain to death and dying, this article provides fresh insights into the discursive practices that shape elderly people’s sense of identity. This hermeneutic study explores the culture of medicalized death and spiritually oriented death in the philosophical framework of Hindu doxography which entails the process of shaping and making sense of identity of dying Hindu Elderly. © 2022 Taylor & Francis.
Watershed prioritization for soil conservation in a drought prone watershed of Eastern India: Tel River Basin, Odisha
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Verma, Narender; Patel, Ramesh Kumar; Choudhari, Pandurang
In this research paper a detailed study of the morphometry of Tel River watershed to understand its hydrological behaviour and characteristics. The morphometric parameters derived are further used for prioritization of the sub-watersheds based on weighted sum analysis for planning and management. A total of 26 parameters covering linear, areal and relief aspects have been considered. These parameters are computed using standard formulae available from literature. Streams, watershed and sub-watersheds have been delineated from freely available 30 metres resolution SRTM Dem using automated processes in Arc GIS. The results show that Tel River is a seventh order stream having five sixth-order and one seventh-order sub-watershed, having a total drainage area of 22,815 km2. It is a normal watershed, slightly elongated, characterized by low relief, gentle slope and permeable sub-surface. Prioritization results show that sub-watersheds SW-6 and SW4 covering 58.41% watershed area are the most susceptible sub-watersheds to erosion, sub-watersheds SW-1, SW-2 and SW-3 covering 32.38% watershed area are moderately susceptible and sub-watershed SW-5 covering 9.21% watershed area is least susceptible to erosion. The weighted sum analysis is a robust method which can be useful for evolving strategies to manage and conserve resources at micro level. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of the International Water, Air & Soil Conservation Society(INWASCON).
New regression-type compromised imputation class of estimators with known parameters of auxiliary variable
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Audu, Ahmed; Singh, Rajesh; Khare, Supriya
In this paper, we have proposed a regression-type compromised imputation methods free of unknown parameters. The properties (biases and MSEs) of the proposed class of estimators are derived up to first order approximation using Taylor series approach. Also, the conditions for which the proposed estimators are more efficient than other estimators considered in the study were established. Results of numerical illustration using both real and simulated data revealed that the proposed estimators are more efficient and practicable than exiting estimators considered in the study. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Deep Learning Models for Recognizing the Simple Human Activities Using Smartphone Accelerometer Sensor
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Kumar, Prabhat; Suresh, S.
In recent years, Deep Learning (DL) models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), have been widely used for Human Activities Recognition (HAR). They have achieved considerable performance improvements over classical Machine Learning (ML) approaches due to their excellent feature representation capabilities. Simple human activities are performed in sequential order with no overlaps or concurrent actions. The paucity of labeled training activity samples, high computational cost, and system resource requirements of deep learning architectures compared to lightweight models are some of the research challenges confronting the HAR community. We framed the lightweight DL-based CNNs, RNNs, and LSTM model for HAR to tackle these research challenges. The RNNs and LSTM have single layers with softmax activation functions, whereas the one-dimensional CNNs have two convolutional and single max-pooling layers. To evaluate the performance of our models, we used the publicly available benchmark WISDM experimental dataset, which includes the reading of six activities (walking, jogging, upstairs, downstairs, sitting, and standing) performed by 36 participants using a single accelerometer sensor. The experimental result illustrates the efficacy of our models in activity recognition, demonstrating that they attain higher accuracy while being computationally efficient. © 2023 IETE.

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