2024
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Item Regional air quality: biomass burning impacts of SO2 emissions on air quality in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Gautam A.S.; Kumar S.; Gautam S.; Singh K.; Ram K.; Siingh D.; Ambade B.; Sharma M.In the present study, continuous ground-based SO2 monitoring has been planned over the Srinagar Garhwal Valley of Uttarakhand. The monsoon (M-2018), post-monsoon (PoM-2018), winter (W-2019), pre-monsoon (PrM-2019), and M-2019 have high SO2 concentrations (3.66 � 2.05�?g/m3, 5.54 � 2.23�?g/m3, 6.42 � 1.79�?g/m3, 7.56 � 3.53�?g/m3 6.45 � 3.49�?g/m3) at 1900, 2000, 1800, 1900, and 1900 local time attributed mainly due to biomass burning and long-range transportation of pollutants. A drastic change in the SO2 concentration was observed from 4.81 to 17.39�?g/m3 in May 2019 with a strong correlation of 0.61 with fire counts during an extensive forest fire. Due to the wet scavenging process, Jul 2018 (1.07 � 0.82�?g/m3) showed the lowest SO2 concentration. Temperature, humidity, and wind speed significantly correlate with SO2 in different seasons. Overall, the air quality in the SGV region is good, but it worsens during forest fires, although it still remains within satisfactory levels. HYSPLIT model trajectories, cluster, and CWT analysis indicate the transportation of air mass from the Gulf region, Sahara Desert, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to Srinagar with a significant contribution of 40.43 to 72.29% air mass and have highest contribution more than 7�?g/m3. We have also observed weekend effects (reduction in the pollutant concentration) in Jul 2018, Sep 2018, Feb 2019, Apr 2019, and May 2019. Overall, this study highlights the seasonal variations in SO2 concentrations, the impact of forest fires on air quality, the influence of meteorological factors, the long-range transport of pollutants, and the presence of weekend effects in the SGV region of Uttarakhand. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Item Benzimidazole-derived carbohydrazones as dual monoamine oxidases and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: design, synthesis, and evaluation(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Kumar S.; Jaiswal S.; Gupta S.K.; Ayyannan S.R.A series of novel benzimidazole-derived carbohydrazones was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their dual inhibition potential against monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using multitarget-directed ligand approach (MTDL). The investigated compounds have exhibited moderate to excellent in�vitro MAOs/AChE inhibitory activity at micromolar to nanomolar concentrations. Compound 12, 2-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-N'-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]acetohydrazide has emerged as a lead dual MAO-AChE inhibitor by exhibiting superior multi-target activity profile against MAO-A (IC50 = 0.067 � 0.018 �M), MAO-B (IC50 = 0.029 � 0.005 �M) and AChE (IC50 = 1.37 � 0.026 �M). SAR studies suggest that the site A (hydrophobic ring) and site C (semicarbazone linker) modifications attempted on the semicarbazone-based MTDL resulted in a significant enhancement in the MAO-A/B inhibitory potential and a drastic decrease in the AChE inhibitory activity. Further, molecular docking and dynamics simulation experiments disclosed the possible molecular interactions of inhibitors inside the active site of respective enzymes. Also, computational prediction of drug-likeness and ADME parameters of test compounds revealed their drug-like characteristics. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Biogas production using waste water: Methodologies and applications(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Yadav P.; Singh R.P.; Singh S.K.; Mahjabin; Kumar A.; Raj A.; Ferreira L.F.R.Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstock's and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. Biogas can also be used in fuel cells for direct conversion to electricity and raw material for hydrogen and transport fuel production which is a significant pathway to sustainable energy development. Enriched biogas or biomethane can be containerized or injected to gas supply mains for use as renewable natural gas. Biogas digesters provide an opportunity for integrated waste management systems that combine waste treatment, energy generation, and resource recovery. By integrating biogas digesters into waste management infrastructure, it becomes possible to create closed-loop systems that maximize the potential of organic waste while minimizing environmental impacts. This holistic approach promotes sustainable practices, reduces reliance on conventional waste treatment methods, and creates a more circular and resource-efficient economy. � 2024 Elsevier Inc.Item Economic Inequality in Intimate Partner Violence among Forward and Backward Class Women in India: A Decomposition Analysis(Routledge, 2024) Chowdhury S.; Singh A.; Kasemi N.; Chakrabarty M.Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a highly sensitive issue in India, where society is patriarchal and primarily segmented into castes/tribes. This study aims to measure and explain the economic inequality in IPV against women in two social groups: backward classes (Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Others Backward Classes) and forward classes (Others), using cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey-4 conducted in 2015�16. Economic inequality has been measured using the rate ratio, the concentration index (CI), and the concentration curve. In addition, concentration index has been decomposed to explain the economic inequality in IPV. Economic inequality was relatively higher among the women from the forward classes (CI: ?0.30) than those from the backward classes (CI: ?0.20). Woman�s education (25%), alcohol consumption by husbands (19.6%), and region of residence (18.7%) were the major contributors to economic inequality in IPV among backward class women. However, for forward class women, woman�s education (23.2%), region of residence (15.6%), parental IPV (14.6%), husband�s education (9.7%), and exposure to mass media were significant contributors to economic inequality in IPV (7%). In conclusion, there is a need for appropriate interventions and programs focused on reducing economic inequality in IPV against women from both backward and forward classes. � 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Performance Analysis of a Multicore Approach Proposed for Efficient Community Detection and Recommendation System(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Singh D.; Garg R.Community detection is a well-known area of research that yields essential results in various fields such as social media, biological networks, pandemic spread, recommendation systems, etc. There are two important areas for improvement in existing community detection algorithms: quality of community formed should be improved and a parallel approach to community detection is needed to handle massive data. In this paper, we have proposed a three-step parallel algorithm, Par-Com, using the concept of k Clique and modularity optimization to address both of the above issues. The proposed algorithm increases the execution speed and also improves the quality of the community formed by optimizing modularity. Par-Com uses dynamic load balancing on the multicore architecture of Supercomputer ParamShivay. We have also evaluated Par-Com�s performance against nine sequential and three parallel community detection algorithms on varying size datasets, i.e. karate, macaque, email, immuno, soc-epinions, facebook, and com-Friendster. The experiment result shows that Par-Com outperforms other algorithms under consideration with up to 45% increase in modularity and up to 84% increase in execution speed. Par-Com is also capable of detecting overlapping communities, fuzzy membership of each node, most influential node in each community formed, and outlier nodes. Nodes within a community that have the highest influence are deemed as experts. The choices made by an expert in a particular community are served as recommendations to other users within that community. � 2024 IETE.Item Tikhonov regularized iterative methods for nonlinear problems(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Dixit A.; Sahu D.R.; Gautam P.; Som T.We consider the monotone inclusion problems in real Hilbert spaces. Proximal splitting algorithms are very popular technique to solve it and generally achieve weak convergence under mild assumptions. Researchers assume the strong conditions like strong convexity or strong monotonicity on the considered operators to prove strong convergence of the algorithms. Mann iteration method and normal S-iteration method are popular methods to solve fixed point problems. We propose a new common fixed point algorithm based on normal S-iteration method using Tikhonov regularization to find common fixed point of non-expansive operators and prove strong convergence of the generated sequence to the set of common fixed points without assuming strong convexity and strong monotonicity. Based on proposed fixed point algorithm, we propose a forward�backward-type algorithm and a Douglas�Rachford algorithm in connection with Tikhonov regularization to find the solution of monotone inclusion problems. Further, we consider the complexly structured monotone inclusion problems which are very popular these days. We also propose a strongly convergent forward�backward-type primal�dual algorithm and a Douglas�Rachford-type primal�dual algorithm to solve the monotone inclusion problems. Finally, we conduct a numerical experiment to solve image deblurring problems. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Dynamical behaviors of a constant prey refuge ratio-dependent prey-predator model with Allee and fear effects(World Scientific, 2024) Pal S.; Panday P.; Pal N.; Misra A.K.; Chattopadhyay J.In this paper, we consider a nonlinear ratio-dependent prey-predator model with constant prey refuge in the prey population. Both Allee and fear phenomena are incorporated explicitly in the growth rate of the prey population. The qualitative behaviors of the proposed model are investigated around the equilibrium points in detail. Hopf bifurcation including its direction and stability for the model is also studied. We observe that fear of predation risk can have both stabilizing and destabilizing effects and induces bubbling phenomenon in the system. It is also observed that for a fixed strength of fear, an increase in the Allee parameter makes the system unstable, whereas an increase in prey refuge drives the system toward stability. However, higher values of both the Allee and prey refuge parameters have negative impacts and the populations go to extinction. Further, we explore the variation of densities of the populations in different bi-parameter spaces, where the coexistence equilibrium point remains stable. Numerical simulations are carried out to explore the dynamical behaviors of the system with the help of MATLAB software. � 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.Item In silico Identification of HDAC Inhibitors for Multiple Myeloma: A Structure-based Virtual Screening, Drug Likeness, ADMET Profiling, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Debnath A.; Mazumder R.; Mazumder A.; Singh R.; Srivastava S.Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells that produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin protein. Despite significant advances in the treatment of MM, currently available therapies are associated with toxicity and resistance. As a result, there is an increasing demand for novel, effective therapeutics. Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is emerging as a potential method for treating cancer. HDAC6 is one of 18 different HDAC isoforms that regulate tubulin lysine 40 and function in the microtubule network. HDAC6 participates in tumorigenesis and metastasis through protein ubiquitination, tubulin, and Hsp90. Several studies have found that inhibiting HDAC6 causes AKT and ERK dephosphorylation, which leads to decreased cell proliferation and promotes cancer cell death via the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Objective: The objective of this study is to target HDAC6 and identify potent inhibitors for the treatment of multiple myeloma by employing computer-aided drug design. Materials and Methods: A total of 199,611,439 molecules from five different chemical databases, such as CHEMBL25, ChemSpace, Mcule, MolPort, and ZINC, have been screened against HDAC6 by structure-based virtual screening, followed by filtering for various drug-likeness, ADME, toxicity, consensus molecular docking, and 100 ns MD simulation. Results: Our research work resulted in three molecules that have shown strong binding affinity (CHEMBL2425964-9.99 kcal/mol, CHEMBL2425966-9.89 kcal/mol, and CSC067477144-9.86 kcal/mol) at the active site HDAC6, along with effective ADME properties, low toxicity, and high stability. Inhibiting HDAC6 with these identified molecules will induce AKT and ERK dephosphorylation linked to reduced cell proliferation and promote cancer cell death. Conclusion: CHEMBL2425964, CHEMBL2425966, and CSC067477144 could be effective against multiple myeloma. � 2024 Bentham Science Publishers.Item Membrane processes for wastewater treatment(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Singh G.; Yadav P.; Singh S.K.; Ranjan N.; Verma H.; Ferreira L.F.R.; Kumar A.In last two decades, rising global population and industrial revolution significantly enhanced the release of waste water in the environment. Accumulation of waste water adversely affects the soil and water ecosystem and ultimately health of human beings. However various traditional methods physiochemical and biological methods have been employed for the wastewater treatment. In general, conventional wastewater treatment methods are successful in eliminating a large portion of degradable organic compounds and suspended solids found in wastewater. Nevertheless, to achieve more advanced treatment and effectively remove the contaminants, membrane separation technology has been considered as one of the effective approach. This chapter briefly describes the different approaches of membrane separation technologies, processes utilized for the waste water management. � 2024 Elsevier Inc.Item Mangiferin from Enicostemma littorale Blume�with in silico and in�vitro anti-inflammatory potential(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Kumar N.; Tripathi N.; Kumar S.; Kushwaha M.; Banerjee C.; Dey S.The bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract of aerial parts of Enicostemma littorale resulted in two fractions 3 and 4 with moderate and potent antioxidant activity, respectively. The purification of fraction 3 gave swertiamarin (1), while the LCMS profile of fraction 4 unveiled the presence of another constituent along with swertiamarin. The extensive purification of fraction 4 led to the unusual isolation of mangiferin (2) from E. littorale. The uncommon isolation of mangiferin from E. littorale motivated us to conduct its in silico and in�vitro screening as an anti-inflammatory agent. Both studies have proved mangiferin to be a promising anti-inflammatory molecule with a binding energy of ?9.17 kcal/mol against Cyclooxygenase-2 protein and IC50 of 146.07 nanomolar. This study is the first report of the isolation of mangiferin, a xanthone glycoside from E. littorale. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item On three-parameter generalized exponential distribution(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Basu S.; Kundu D.In this article, we consider the estimation of the three-parameter generalized exponential distribution. In presence of the unknown location parameter the usual maximum likelihood estimators do not exist for (Formula presented.) The maximum product of spacings method serves as good alternative since it always exists and yields consistent estimators in the entire parametric space. We develop the asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimators along-with a detailed discussion about the computational intricacies involved in implementing the product of spacing method. Extensive simulations have been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for ? in the range (0, 1), in addition to a comparative study with some standard techniques known to provide consistent estimators, even for (Formula presented.) Furthermore, two real data sets have been analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. � 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Intimate Partner Violence among Scheduled Caste Women in India: A Cross-sectional Study(Routledge, 2024) Chowdhury S.; Singh A.; Kasemi N.; Chakrabarty M.; Roy Pakhadhara T.Scheduled Caste (SC) women, one of the most oppressed and neglected groups in India, have the highest prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV), yet no study has analyzed correlates of IPV within this group, or analyzed them using nationally representative data. This study is an attempt to fill this gap. Information on 11,076 married SC women from the National Family Health Survey-4 was analyzed. Cross-sectional study design was followed. Binary logistic regression was applied to examine the factors associated with IPV. About 40% of married SC women in India suffered physical, mental, or sexual violence from their husbands. Alcohol consumption by husband (OR�= 2.99, 95% CI�= 2.62�3.41), employment status (OR�= 1.26, 95% CI�= 1.07�1.48), parity especially having 4 or more children (OR�= 2.36, 95% CI�= 1.82�3.06; OR�= 2.10, 95% CI�= 1.61�2.73) were associated with higher odds of IPV. Women from southern, eastern, and central regions of India were more likely to experience IPV. We conclude that there is a need to recognize the diverse experiences of vulnerable subgroups within SC women and undertake suitably designed targeted interventions to lower the high levels of IPV prevalent among these women. � 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item p-Accelerated normal S-iterative learning control algorithm for linear discrete singular time-delay systems(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Sahu D.R.; Singh N.K.This article addresses the issue of iterative learning control for a specific category of discrete linear singular time-delay systems. A new iterative learning control algorithm based on the p-accelerated normal S-iteration method is proposed, and convergence analysis of the corresponding learning control algorithm is studied. With certain assumptions, the proposed algorithm guarantees that the output of the system converges to the desired output trajectory within a finite time interval. The theoretical analysis is supported by numerical examples. The results indicate that the p-accelerated normal S-iterative learning control algorithm outperforms both the first-order PD-type iterative learning control and second-order PD-type iterative learning control algorithms for discrete linear singular systems theoretically and numerically. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Railopolis: City within A City(Routledge, 2024) Banerjee I.Railway transit hubs do play a very critical role in the contemporary urban development discourse as the places of social, economic, and environmental interests. They stimulate the construction of community places around their location. Thus, a railway station, in its own right, can generate a city within a city, often recognised as a �Railopolis�. This paper aims to attempt a brief discussion on the notion of �Railopolis� in the Indian context. India is a country that poses a substantial size of urban population along with several acute urban issues that are challenging the sustainable urban development goals in the country. Transit-Oriented Development is adopted as one of the most powerful tools to make Indian cities more liveable, sustainable, and inclusive. Thus, the emergence of �Railopolis�, as a mini smart city, within an existing city, is expected to comply with the sustainable urban development goals that aim to make Indian cities more competitive in terms of liveability, at the global scale. The study is principally grounded on theoretical reflections and draws inferences on the notion of �Railopolis� by taking evidence from contemporary Indian initiatives. The paper concludes with a synoptic discussion on the potential issues that can confront �Railopolis�, during implementation and some crucial research-worthy questions on the subject of the future of TOD in India. � 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Semecarpus anacardium L.f. leaf extract exhibits activities against breast cancer and prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Singh R.K.; Mallik B.; Ranjan A.; Tripathi R.; Verma S.S.; Sharma V.; Gupta S.C.; Singh A.K.Semecarpus anacardium L.f. has been commonly used in various traditional medicines from ancient times. The nuts have been described in Ayurveda medication systems to treat numerous clinical ailments. However, isolating phytochemical constituents from nuts remain challenging and exhibits cytotoxic effects on other cells. In this study, we have standardized procedures for isolating phytochemicals from the leaf extract. The ethyl acetate leaf extract selectively affects cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC50: 0.57 �g/ml in MCF-7 cells) in various cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the non-malignant cells were relatively insensitive to the extract. Next, the incubation of the leaf extract induces cell cycle arrest and suppresses cancer cell migration in the cell culture model. Moreover, oral administration of extract significantly restored tumor growth in mice. Together, these observations suggest the anti-cancer activities of S. anacardium L.f. leaf potential for both in vitro and in vivo models. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Thinking Inequality Through Socialism in Modern India (1920�1980): Narayan, Lohia and Chattopadhyay(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Jha P.Socialism in India, as an important intellectual tradition, has been a central interlocutor in the more significant debates on normative concerns, especially on inequality. Its presence was crucial during the nationalist struggle for independence and in post-colonial formative years, in the debates on inequalities and nature of development (1930�1970s). This article engages with a specific strand of Socialism (Oppositional Socialism), in the writings and works of Dr Jayaprakash Narayan, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia and Kamla Devi Chattopadhyaya and their position on inequality in India and the world. In ways tracing solutions from within, through tropes of indigenity, via concepts and frameworks, and providing alternative visions for resolution of inequality in India and globally. Narayan�s invocation of Sarvodaya, Lohia�s intersectional reading through the lens of caste, class and gender along with Chattopadhaya�s decentralised and gendered framework aids in understanding the rationale for choosing Democratic Socialism as a significant interlocutor in the resolution of inequality for post-colonial societies. � 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Tracing the legacy of peace leadership from an Asian perspective: Mahatma Gandhi, Dalai Lama, and Thich Nhat Hanh(Routledge, 2024) Mishra M.K.; Upadhyaya P.; Davis T.P.This paper narrates the concept of Sustainable Peace Leadership and examines how three prominent Peace Activists from South and Southeast Asia measure up to the concept. The article will consider the works and ideas of Mohandas K. Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi), Lhamo Thondup (The 14th Dalai Lama), and Nguyen Xuan Bao (Thich Nhat Hanh). Mahatma Gandhi was instrumental in achieving Indian independence from the British Empire. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people and has managed a difficult relationship with the Chinese government following the occupation of Tibet. Thich Nhat Hanh was a Vietnamese Buddhist monk, peace activist and is known as the �father of mindfulness�. The paper identified several characteristics of Peace Leaders. These include being a charismatic leader who motivates their followers to achieve their goals in a non-violent and inclusive manner. Peace leaders meditate and spend time developing inner peace which then leads to outer peace. The paper also asserts that peace leaders are capable of recognizing the humanity in their opponents and seek a mutually beneficial solution. The three chosen individuals are all recognised as being charismatic leaders who were prominent peace leaders. All were deeply spiritual and practiced meditation and other inner work on a regular basis. They stressed the humanity in their opponents, based on their religious beliefs and the concepts of non-duality and interdependence. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Spindle cell lesions of the abdomen: Not always GIST!(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Yadav M.; Murugesan I.; Ghosh P.[No abstract available]Item E-Bayesian inference for xgamma distribution under progressive type II censoring with binomial removals and their applications(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Pathak A.; Kumar M.; Singh S.K.; Singh U.; Tiwari M.K.; Kumar S.In this article, we propose E-Bayes estimators of the parameter of xgamma distribution under squared error loss function, general entropy loss function, and linear exponential loss function for progressive type II censored data with binomial removals. The proposed estimators, maximum likelihood estimator, and corresponding Bayes estimators are compared in terms of their risks based on simulated samples from xgamma distribution. The proposed methodology is illustrated on two real data sets of bile duct cancer data and the endurance of deep-groove ball bearings data. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Mid-infrared sensor based on resonance excitation of graphene plasmon polariton-coupled Bloch surface modes at the interface of anisotropically truncated one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Kumar M.; Prasad S.In this article, we have theoretically demonstrated the sensor performance in mid-IR frequency domain by resonance excitation of Bloch surface modes through energy coupling with graphene surface plasmon polaritons in truncated�one-dimensional (1D) ternary photonic crystal (TPC) under Kretschmann configuration coupling technique. The involvement of optical anisotropy via graphene monolayer enhances light-matter interaction thus enabling excellent control over the resonance wavelength�(RW)�of the excited Bloch surface modes (EBSMs). For incident transverse magnetic-polarized electromagnetic waves, the band structure, reflection spectra and field profile are computed using 2 (Formula presented.) 2 transfer matrix method. The control over the RW has been established by examining the effect of variation of different model parameters like thickness of truncation layer, refractive index of external medium, temperature, chemical potential and the periodicity of TPC. The variations in periodicity result in the expansion of the range of confinement of EBSMs in photonic band gaps from (Formula presented.) to (Formula presented.). We proved that the variation in temperature between (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) confines the EBSMs with high coupling efficiency�(CE). Also, at room temperature the best achievable quality factor�(QF)�is 1421 and a high Q.F. of 8170 is attained at (Formula presented.). � 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
