Publication: PLANT CIRCADIAN RHYTHM: A BIOLOGICAL CLOCK AS DEVELOPMENTAL AND METABOLIC REGULATOR
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Date
2022
Journal Title
Circadian Rhythms and Their Importance
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Abstract
Plants have an internal biological system that receives differential environmental fluctuations/stimuli such as temperature and light controlling circadian rhythm for maintenance of growth and developmental processes. These biological rhythms are regulated by the interaction of certain external signals and internal receptors. In plants, it is complex networking within transcription factors that functions in feedback loops. These light-induced phototropic controls are mediated by photoreceptors like phytochromes, cryptochrome, phototropin and master genes/regulators for floral development. These responses are genetic in nature and have master clock genes which further regulates many copies of the master transcription factor that are responsible for regulating/switch-on many important genes of metabolism by binding with the promoter region of target genes. The diurnal behavior in plants has been observed because of the existence of a feedback loop and a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle. The light and temperatures positively regulate the induction of various genes along with a set of polycomb gene. Many long non-coding RNAs, micro-RNA and RNAdependent polymerases are indispensable parts of the diurnal cycle in plants. Environmental signals are involved in activating clock genes, and clock repressor circuits work to alienate and degrade these extrinsic gene activation pathways. Most transcription factors are cyclic and these subclasses can regulate clock parameters. Transcriptional regulators and associated chromatids that control transcriptional regulation are only one step in a multistep regulatory network. Post-translational relaxation, nuclear-cytoplasmic dissociation, RNA splicing and proteolytic functions participate in the stimulation. Homogenization of all these activities leads to the generation and sustainable facilitation of the robust rhythm and response to the diurnal variations of the environment. The purpose of this chapter is to explain the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the circadian clocks of plants, including biochemistry, and to demonstrate the function/role of the circadian clock in metabolic, physiological processes and plant behavior. � 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Description
Keywords
Circadian rhythm, Diurnal behavior, Phytochrome, Polynuclear genes, Transcriptional regulators