Browsing by Author "Gupta, Vishal Kumar"

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    Epinephrine facilitates the growth of T cell lymphoma by altering cell proliferation, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023) Tiwari, Rajan Kumar; Rawat, Shiv Govind; Gupta, Vishal Kumar; Jaiswara, Pradip Kumar; Sonker, Pratishtha; Kumar, Santosh; Gautam, Vibhav; Mishra, Manoj K.; Kumar, Ajay
    In recent years, studies have reported the role of stress-regulatory hormones, including epinephrine, in regulating the progression of a few cancers. However, the tumor-promoting action of epinephrine is not yet investigated in T cell malignancy, a rare and complicated neoplastic disorder. More so, very little is known regarding the implication of epinephrine in the glucose metabolic rewiring in tumor cells. The present investigation showed that epinephrine enhanced the proliferation of T lymphoma cells through up- and down-regulating the expression of PCNA, cyclin D, and p53, respectively. In addition, epinephrine inhibited apoptosis in T lymphoma cells possibly by increasing the level of BCL2 (an anti-apoptotic protein) and decreasing PARP level (a pro-apoptotic protein). Intriguingly, epinephrine is reported to stimulate glycolysis in T lymphoma cells by increasing the expression of crucial glycolysis regulatory molecules, namely HKII and PKM2, in a HIF-1?-dependent manner. Moreover, augmented production of ROS has been observed in T lymphoma cells, which might be a central player in epinephrine-mediated T cell lymphoma growth. Taken together, our study demonstrates that epinephrine might have a significant role in the progression of T cell lymphoma. � 2022
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    Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease
    (MDPI, 2023) Pathak, Chandramani; Vaidya, Foram U.; Waghela, Bhargav N.; Jaiswara, Pradip Kumar; Gupta, Vishal Kumar; Kumar, Ajay; Rajendran, Barani Kumar; Ranjan, Kishu
    Endocytosis in mammalian cells is a fundamental cellular machinery that regulates vital physiological processes, such as the absorption of metabolites, release of neurotransmitters, uptake of hormone cellular defense, and delivery of biomolecules across the plasma membrane. A remarkable characteristic of the endocytic machinery is the sequential assembly of the complex proteins at the plasma membrane, followed by internalization and fusion of various biomolecules to different cellular compartments. In all eukaryotic cells, functional characterization of endocytic pathways is based on dynamics of the protein complex and signal transduction modules. To coordinate the assembly and functions of the numerous parts of the endocytic machinery, the endocytic proteins interact significantly within and between the modules. Clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis, caveolar pathway, and receptor mediated endocytosis have been attributed to a greater variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles such as, autophagy, metabolism, cell division, apoptosis, cellular defense, and intestinal permeabilization. Notably, any defect or alteration in the endocytic machinery results in the development of pathological consequences associated with human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases. In this review, an in-depth endeavor has been made to illustrate the process of endocytosis, and associated mechanisms describing pathological manifestation associated with dysregulated endocytosis machinery. � 2023 by the authors.
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    Molecular and cellular paradigms of multidrug resistance in cancer
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Vaidya, Foram U.; Sufiyan Chhipa, Abu; Mishra, Vinita; Gupta, Vishal Kumar; Rawat, Shiv Govind; Kumar, Ajay; Pathak, Chandramani
    Background: The acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy is a major hurdle in the successful application of cancer therapy. Several anticancer approaches, including chemotherapies, radiotherapy, surgery and targeted therapies are being employed for the treatment of cancer. However, cancer cells reprogram themselves in multiple ways to evade the effect of these therapies, and over a period of time, the drug becomes inactive due to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR). MDR is a complex phenomenon where malignant cells become insensitive to anticancer drugs and attain the ability to survive even after several exposures of anticancer drugs. In this review, we have discussed the molecular and cellular paradigms of multidrug resistance in cancer. Recent Findings: An Extensive research in cancer biology revealed that drug resistance in cancer is the result of perpetuated intracellular and extracellular mechanisms such as drug efflux, drug inactivation, drug target alteration, oncogenic mutations, altered DNA damage repair mechanism, inhibition of programmed cell death signaling, metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), inherent cell heterogeneity, epigenetic changes, redox imbalance, or any combination of these mechanisms. An inevitable cross-link between inflammation and drug resistance has been discussed. This review provided insight molecular mechanism to understand the vulnerabilities of cancer cells to develop drug resistance. Conclusion: MDR is an outcome of interplays between multiple intricate pathways responsible for the inactivation of drug and development of resistance. MDR is a major obstacle in regimens of successful application of anti-cancer therapy. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of multi drug resistance and cellular reprogramming can provide a promising opportunity to combat drug resistance in cancer and intensify anti-cancer therapy for the upcoming future. � 2020 The Authors. Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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    Nimbolide induces cell death in T lymphoma cells: Implication of altered apoptosis and glucose metabolism
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Jaiswara, Pradip Kumar; Gupta, Vishal Kumar; Sonker, Pratishtha; Rawat, Shiv Govind; Tiwari, Rajan Kumar; Pathak, Chandramani; Kumar, Santosh; Kumar, Ajay
    Nimbolide is a tetranortriterpenoid derived from the leaves and flowers of Azadirachta indica (Neem). It exhibits anticancer activity against a variety of cancers by modulating various crucial features, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion and metastasis. More importantly, the cytotoxic effect of nimbolide has also been observed against T cell lymphoma, but the underlying mechanisms are still unexplored. So far, no study has been conducted to observe the effect of nimbolide on cancer cell metabolism. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to explore the molecular mechanisms of the antitumor potential of nimbolide against T cell lymphoma, a neoplastic disorder of thymic origin. In addition, we also unraveled the anti-glycolytic activity of nimbolide against T lymphoma cells with possible molecular mechanisms. Our results showed the cytotoxic action of nimbolide against three different cell lines of T cell lymphoma, namely Dalton's lymphoma, HuT-78, and J6. Nimbolide-induced apoptosis in T lymphoma cells by altering the level of reactive oxygen species, p53, Bcl2, Bax, and cytochrome c, with subsequent cleavage of caspase 3. Remarkably, nimbolide inhibited the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1?, glucose transporter 3, hexokinase II, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, which led to the suppression of glycolysis with concomitant activation of oxidative phosphorylation. Hence, the results of the present investigation demonstrate that nimbolide exerts tumoricidal activity against T lymphoma cells via augmentation of apoptosis and reversal of altered cell metabolism. Thus, the present study provides a new insight for the therapeutic utilization of nimbolide against T cell lymphoma. � 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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    Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil potentiates the antitumor activity of cisplatin by ROS-mediated apoptosis: a role of deregulated glucose metabolism
    (Springer, 2022) Rawat, Shiv Govind; Tiwari, Rajan Kumar; Jaiswara, Pradip Kumar; Gupta, Vishal Kumar; Sonker, Pratishtha; Vishvakarma, Naveen Kumar; Kumar, Santosh; Pathak, Chandramani; Gautam, Vibhav; Kumar, Ajay
    Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) has been recently identified to play a crucial role in the progression of many cancers. PDE5 promotes tumorigenesis by dysregulating various cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion and migration. Interestingly, multiple studies have reported the promising chemosensitizing potential of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil in breast, colon, prostate, glioma, and lung cancers. However, to date, the chemosensitizing action of sildenafil is not evaluated in T cell lymphoma, a rare and challenging neoplastic disorder. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to examine the chemosensitizing potential of sildenafil against T cell lymphoma along with elucidation of possible involvement of altered apoptosis and glucose metabolism. The experimental findings of this study showed that sildenafil enhances the cytotoxic ability of cisplatin by apoptosis induction through altering the levels of apoptosis regulatory molecules: Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c (Cyt c), cleaved caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These molecular alterations were possibly driven by sildenafil through reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sildenafil deregulates glucose metabolism by markedly lowering the expression of glycolysis regulatory molecules, namely glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), hexokinase II (HKII), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) via suppressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1?) expression. Hence, sildenafil potentiates the tumor cell killing ability of cisplatin by augmenting ROS production through switching the glucose metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Overall, our study demonstrates that sildenafil might be a promising adjunct therapeutic candidate in designing novel combinatorial chemotherapeutic regimens against T cell lymphoma. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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    Resveratrol as Anti-Obesity and Anticancer Agent
    (Springer Singapore, 2021) Gupta, Vishal Kumar; Sonker, Pratishtha; Kumar, Ajay
    Resveratrol is a naturally occurring phytochemical, synthesized against various stress responses like infection, UV radiation, and weather change. It plays an important role in the regulation of various biological processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, calorie restriction, and lipid deposition. Therefore, it exerts several beneficial effects against many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. The anti-obesity potential of resveratrol depends on its ability to regulate adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. The anti-obesity activity of resveratrol also depends on its ability to improve the obesity-altered gut microbiome composition. Moreover, resveratrol exhibits potent anticancer activity against cancer of different origins by inhibiting various cancer-promoting features, including proliferation, apoptosis evasion, invasion, and migration through modulating various signaling pathways. In addition, the adjunct therapeutic potential of resveratrol has also been reported against many cancers. Overall, in this chapter, we have discussed the updated information regarding the anti-obesity and anticancer properties, and adjunct therapeutic potential of resveratrol against obesity and cancer along with associated mechanisms in detail. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Taylor and Francis Pte Ltd. 2021.
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    Targeting lysophosphatidic acid receptor with Ki16425 impedes T cell lymphoma progression through apoptosis induction, glycolysis inhibition, and activation of antitumor immune response
    (Springer, 2022) Gupta, Vishal Kumar; Kumar, Ajay
    Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small phospholipid that acts as an extracellular lipid mediator. It promotes cancer progression by altering a wide array of cellular processes, including apoptosis, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and migration through binding with its cognate receptors. Intriguingly, our previous study showed that in vitro treatment of LPA induced survival of T lymphoma cells. Hence, the present investigation was designed to investigate the antitumor potential of Ki16425, an antagonist of LPA receptors, against T cell lymphoma. Our in vitro results showed inhibition of LPA-mediated survival and metabolic activity of T lymphoma cells by Ki16425. Further, in vivo experimental findings indicated the tumor retarding potential of Ki16425 against T cell lymphoma through apoptosis induction, glycolysis inhibition, and immunoactivation. The administration of Ki16425 triggered apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of Bcl2 and up-regulating p53, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and Cyt c expression. Further, Ki16425 suppressed glycolytic activity with concomitantly decreased expression of GLUT3 and MCT1. Moreover, we also noticed an elevated level of NO and iNOS in tumor cells after Ki16425 administration which might also be responsible for apoptosis induction and suppressed glycolysis. Additionally, we observed an increased population of total leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes along with increased thymocytes count and IL-2 and IFN-? levels. Besides, we observed amelioration of tumor-induced kidney and liver damages by Ki16425. Taken together, this is the first study that demonstrates that LPA receptors could be potential future therapeutic targets for designing promising therapeutic strategies against T cell lymphoma. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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    Targeting of aerobic glycolysis: An emerging therapeutic approach against colon cancer
    (Springer International Publishing, 2021) Jaiswara, Pradip Kumar; Gupta, Vishal Kumar; Rawat, Shiv Govind; Tiwari, Rajan Kumar; Sonker, Pratishtha; Maurya, Rajendra Prakash; Kumar, Ajay
    Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated deaths in men as well as in women worldwide. Therefore, various researches are being conducted to identify suitable therapeutic targets for designing the safer and effective therapeutic regimens against colon cancer. In view of this, aerobic glycolysis has been identified as one of the prominent and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of colon cancer. Interestingly, overwhelming reports suggest that not the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but rather glycolysis is one of the major sources of energy production in colon cancer even in the presence of sufficient oxygen. Hence, the "Warburg effect" or "aerobic glycolysis" is among the most detectable features in colon cancer which directly or indirectly mediates other hallmark features. This metabolic switch benefits colon cancer in several ways with respect to its development and progression, which include promotion of macromolecular synthesis, evasion of apoptosis, drug resistance, and immunosuppression. In colon cancer, mutations in Wnt, p53, and Ras play a critical role in switching the glucose metabolism from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to cytoplasmic glycolysis. Overall, targeting of aerobic glycolysis by synthetic or natural compounds may help in designing the novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of colon cancer. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.