Browsing by Author "Kumar, Praveen"
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Publication Assessment of pulp sensibility in the mature necrotic teeth using regenerative endodontic therapy with various scaffolds - Randomised clinical trial(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Mittal, Neelam; Baranwal, Harakh C.; Kumar, Praveen; Gupta, SakshiAim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the possibility of regaining pulp sensibility and objectives of regeneration procedure in mature necrotic teeth using regenerative endodontics. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 mature necrotic teeth were selected and a regenerative endodontic procedure was performed. A total of four groups, each involving n = 9 teeth per group were randomly grouped as (1) periapical bleeding, (2) platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), (3) collagen, and (4) hydroxyapatite. Pulp testing and radiographic assessment of periapical healing (PH) were recorded at every 3-month interval for 1 year. Readings were compared as qualitative data using the Kruskal-Wallis test to see the inter-group significant difference. Results: Readings of pulp sensibility revealed non-significant results in all intervals. At 3 and 6 months, 22.3% in the PRF group and 11.15% in collagen group; and at 9 months, 44.4% in PRF group, 33.3% in the collagen group and 22.2% in hydroxyapatite group; and at 12-months, 66.6% in PRF, 44.4% in the collagen group, 33.3% in the hydroxyapatite group and 11.1% in the periapical bleeding group showed a positive response to the cold test. But all groups did not show a positive response to heat and electric pulp testing and showed good PH in all groups at the end of 12 months. Conclusions: The presence of sensibility to cold test is indicative of the formation of vital pulp-like tissues, which was the highest in the PRF group, followed by the collagen, hydroxyapatite and periapical bleeding groups. � 2021 Indian Journal of Dental Research Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.Publication Bioactive phytochemicals from Ephedra: An updated review(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 2023) Kumar, Manish; Kumar, Praveen; Kaur, Amardeep; Kaur, Sandeep; Kaur, SatwinderjeetEphedra is a genus of gymnosperms that belongs to the Ephedraceae family and order Gnetales. The majority of Ephedra species grow as shrubs and is found in arid and semiarid climates across the world. Ephedra intermedia, Ephedra gerardiana, Ephedra alata, Ephedra aphylla, Ephedra foliata, Ephedra campylopoda, and others are some of the most common Ephedra species. Ephedra spp. are used for therapeutic purposes in many regions of the globe as a stimulant, diaphoretic, antiasthmatic, respiratory sedative, and also for digestive system problems, fever, flu, cough therapy, and so on. Phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, volatile organic compounds, and other phytochemicals have been identified from the different Ephedra species. Ephedra crude extracts and pure molecules have been reported for a variety of bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, wound healing, diabetic, arthritis, and more. In the current review, we have compiled, discussed, and highlighted the data obtained about numerous bioactivities and phytochemicals of Ephedra species for their significance as therapeutic agents in the drug development sector. � 2023, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University. All rights reserved.Publication Bioactive phytochemicals from Himalayas: A phytotherapeutic approach(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Kumar, Manish; Kumar, Praveen; Sharma, AshitaBioactive Phytochemicals from Himalayas: A Phytotherapeutic Approach covers herbal medicines from the Himalayan mountains. Chapters in this book detail molecular mechanisms and experimental tools and techniques for research on plants in this region. Phytochemical experts guide the readers through the role of Himalayan plants in therapy for metabolic diseases like cancer and diabetes, hepatic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Some chapters focus on diseases and how various plants from Himalayan origin are beneficial in these diseases. This compilation,with professional contributors, aims to inform a wide scientific community from various research fields about basic research on medicinal plants with a focus on Himalayan herbs. The book also serves as a handbook for pharmacologists working on the broad therapeutic aspects of these plants. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.Publication c(RGDfK) anchored surface manipulated liposome for tumor-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) delivery to potentiate liver anticancer activity(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Deepak, Payal; Kumar, Praveen; Arya, Dilip Kumar; Pandey, Prashant; Kumar, Shiv; Parida, Bishnu Prasad; Narayan, Gopeshwar; Singh, Sanjay; Rajinikanth, Paruvathanahalli SiddalingamCurrent anticancer drug research includes tumor-targeted administration as a critical component because it is the best strategy to boost efficacy and decrease toxicity. Low drug concentration in cancer cells, nonspecific distribution, rapid clearance, multiple drug resistance, severe side effects, and other factors contribute to the disappointing results of traditional chemotherapy. As an innovative technique of treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years, nanocarrier-mediated targeted drug delivery systems can overcome the aforesaid limitations via enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) and active targeting. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor Gefitinib (Gefi) has dramatic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, we developed and assessed an ?v?3 integrin receptor targeted c(RGDfK) surface modified liposomes for better targeting selectivity and therapeutic efficacy of Gefi on HCC cells. The conventional and modified Gefi loaded liposomes, i.e., denoted as Gefi-L and Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L, respectively, were prepared through the ethanol injection method and optimized via Box Behnken design (BBD). The FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy verified that the c(RGDfK) pentapeptides had formed an amide bond with the liposome surface. In addition, the particle size, Polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and in-vitro Gefi release of the Gefi-L and Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L were measured and analyzed. As indicated by the MTT assay on HepG2 cells, Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L displayed considerably higher cytotoxicity than Gefi-L or Gefi alone. Throughout the incubation period, HepG2 cells took up significantly more Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L than Gefi-L. According to the in vivo biodistribution analysis, Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L accumulated more strongly at the tumor site than Gefi-L and free Gefi. Furthermore, HCC-bearing rats treated with Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L showed a substantial drop in liver marker enzymes (alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, and total bilirubin levels) compared to the disease control group. Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L suppresses tumour growth more effectively than Gefi-L and free Gefi, according to an in vivo analysis of their anticancer activities. Thus, c(RGDfK)-surface modified liposomes, i.e., Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L may serve as an efficient carrier for the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.Publication Cellular experiments to study the inhibition of c-Myc/MAX heterodimerization(Academic Press Inc., 2022) Singh, Ashutosh; Sharma, Shilpa; Kumar, Praveen; Garg, NehaThe c-Myc oncogene is a master regulator of cancer cell metabolism, which controls a variety of pathways, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and epigenetics. Belonging to the bHLH family of transcription factors, c-Myc forms a heterodimeric complex with another bHLH family protein MAX. c-Myc deregulation is reported in most cancers. This heterodimeric complex is a potent transcription factor that controls the expression of the target gene by binding to the E-box sequence and thereby controlling cancer cell proliferation. c-Myc in isolation has a partially folded structure and cannot carry the transcription. However, its heterodimerization provides the ability to bind DNA and carry out the regulatory function. Therefore, heterodimerization of c-Myc and Max is of great interest for cancers, and it has always been considered a target for cancer therapy. This book chapter will present a detailed protocol of cellular experiments employed to validate the in vitro potency of c-Myc inhibitor candidates to search for a novel c-Myc-targeted neoplastic drug. � 2022 Elsevier Inc.Publication Contemporary approaches in the management of uterine leiomyomas(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023) Singh, Shikha; Kumar, Praveen; Kavita; Rathore, Saurabh Singh; Singh, Yashasvi; Garg, NehaBackground: Leiomyomas (fibroids), the most common benign solid tumours in females, originate from the myometrium and are associated with poor quality of life for patients. The current management of uterine leiomyomas mainly includes surgical interventions such as hysterectomy and myomectomy, either by laparoscopy or laparotomy, which have several complications and are not ideal for preserving fertility. Therefore, there is a need to develop or repurpose medical treatments that do not require surgical intervention. Objective: Many drugs are used to treat the symptoms associated with uterine fibroids. The main objective of this systematic review is to give an up-to-date account of potential pharmacological agents (non-surgical methods) for the management of uterine leiomyomas. Search strategy: PubMed was searched for scientific and clinical literature using the keyword �uterine fibroids� along with the drug names described in each section. For example, �uterine fibroids� and �ulipristal acetate� were the keywords used to search for literature on ulipristal acetate (UPA). Results: Various preclinical and clinical studies have shown that some drugs and herbal formulations exhibit activity in the management of uterine leiomyomas. Recent studies found that drugs such as UPA, elagolix, EC313, asoprisnol, nutritional supplements and herbal preparations were helpful in treating the symptoms associated with uterine leiomyomas. Conclusion: Many drugs show efficacy in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids. UPA is one of the most studied and prescribed medicines for uterine fibroids; however, its usage has been restricted due to a few recent incidences of hepatic toxicity. Herbal drugs and natural supplements have also shown promising effects on uterine fibroids. The synergistic effects of nutritional and herbal supplements have been reported in certain cases, and should be studied in detail. Further research is warranted to identify the mode of action of the drugs, and to determine the precise conditions that would explain the causes of toxicity in some patients. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.Publication Demand and Supply Gaps: Seeds and Raw Material(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Mishra, Priyanka; Kumar, Praveen; Tripathi, Yamini B.; Garg, NehaHemp is one of the oldest known crops with huge industrial and pharmaceutical applications.Most parts of the hemp plant are used in industry: stem for fibre production, leaves for animal bedding and construction, roots in phytoremediation and flowers for essential oils and pharmaceuticals. Seeds of the Hemp plant are a rich source of various nutrients that can be used to produce oil, flour for bread supplementation, as feed for organic farming. Realizing Hemp as a multifaceted and sustainable crop, recently there is a renewed interest in Hemp production. In this chapter, we are discussing Hemp global market, demand and supply and factors affecting industrial hemp production. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.Publication Flow Cytometry Approaches to Obtain Medulloblastoma Stem Cells from Bulk Cultures(Humana Press Inc., 2022) Kumar, Praveen; Garg, NehaCancer stem cells are considered the reservoir cancer cells that are resistant to most of the forms of cancer therapies and cause relapse of the tumor. Medulloblastoma (MB), a primary CNS tumor, is a very fast-growing tumor affecting younger population. In order to characterize medulloblastoma cancer stem cells or studying the drug resistance in MB mediated through the cancer stem cells, it becomes essential to isolate and study them. Isolation and characterization of tumor cells is a critical step in understanding the cancer progression and to devise novel approaches against them as drug targets. Typically, characterization of stem cells is done through surface marker analysis and with the advent of flow cytometry based techniques, this has become incredibly straightforward. Flow cytometry employs a uniformly linear flow of cells created by complex hydraulics of the flow cytometer followed by illuminating flow path with a LASER beam. This gives very valuable information about cell composition in forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC). The surface molecules of the cells can further be stained with various florescent dyes which upon excitation with the LASER beam will give the signal that will be detected by the instrument. Flow cytometer is high-throughput equipment and requires careful operation to get valuable information about the samples. In this chapter, we describe how from a bulk cell sample of medulloblastoma cells, cancer stem cells are isolated. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Publication Immunomodulatory potential of himalayan plant: Withania somnifera(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Kavita; Rajak, Naina; Kumar, Praveen; Singh, Shikha; Garg, NehaWithania somnifera, a herb used in Ayurveda since ancient times, is commonly found in the Himalayan belt. Withania somnifera is reported to be useful in fever, arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, and cancers. Its leaves are found to be effective against swelling, chest pain, sores, and ulcers. Withania possesses antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, anti-bacterial, antimicrobial, anti-fungal, anti-tumor, adaptogenic, and memory-enhancing properties. Among the bioactive compounds present in Withania, Withaferin A is the most important and well-explored compound having anti-cancer activity among several other activities. Many studies have reported the anti-inflammatory action of Withania somnifera and isolated Withaferin A. In this chapter, we have summarized the antiinflammatory activities exhibited by this multifaceted medicinal plant. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.Publication Intracellular Zn(ii) induced turn-on fluorescence of an l-phenylalanine-derived pseudopeptide(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023) Tamrakar, Arpna; Kumar, Praveen; Garg, Neha; Luis, Santiago V.; Pandey, Mrituanjay D.A C2 symmetric l-phenylalanine-derived pseudopeptide has been synthesized for selective and sensitive recognition of Zn(ii) ions in aqueous-organic media. The pseudopeptidic probes exhibit intracellular Zn(ii) ion-sensing capabilities as demonstrated via live-cell fluorescence studies on RAW264.7 cells. Hence, we present a bioinspired pseudopeptide for potential biological applications involving intracellular Zn(ii) ion detection. � 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Publication Mucormycosis in the COVID-19 Environment: A Multifaceted Complication(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Sharma, Rohit; Kumar, Praveen; Rauf, Abdur; Chaudhary, Ashun; Prajapati, Pradeep Kumar; Emran, Talha Bin; Gon�alves Lima, Clara Mariana; Conte-Junior, Carlos AdamThe second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused severe infections with high mortality. An increase in the cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) was reported predominantly in India. Commonly present in immunocompromised individuals, mucormycosis is often a life-threatening condition. Confounding factors and molecular mechanisms associated with CAM are still not well understood, and there is a need for careful research in this direction. In this review, a brief account of the diagnosis, management, and advancement in drug discovery for mucormycosis has been provided. Here, we summarize major factors that dictate the occurrence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients through the analysis of published literature and case reports. Major predisposing factors to mucormycosis appear to be uncontrolled diabetes, steroid therapy, and certain cancers. At the molecular level, increased levels of iron in COVID-19 might contribute to mucormycosis. We have also discussed the potential role and regulation of iron metabolism in COVID-19 patients in establishing fungal growth. Other factors including diabetes prevalence and fungal spore burden in India as contributing factors have also been discussed. Copyright � 2022 Sharma, Kumar, Rauf, Chaudhary, Prajapati, Emran, Gon�alves Lima and Conte-Junior.Publication Pharmacological, therapeutic, and immunomodulatory role of Tinospora cordifolia(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Rajak, Naina; Kavita; Kumar, Praveen; Singh, Shikha; Garg, NehaTinospora cordifolia (TC, Giloy, Guduchi, or Amrita) is a valuable medicinal herb in the Indian System of Medicine (ISM), Chinese, and other traditional systems of medicine. TC contains a broad array of therapeutic phytoconstituents like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, aliphatic compounds, diterpene lactones, phenolics, and flavonoids. TC is hailed for its therapeutic use with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cardiac disease, anti-arthritis, and anti-microbial properties. TC induces immunomodulatory effects through the induction of macrophage activation, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, lymphocyte proliferation, and also secretion of interleukins. The present chapter highlights the biological properties, therapeutic use, and immunomodulatory pathways of Tinospora cordifolia. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.Publication Preface(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Kumar, Manish; Kumar, Praveen; Sharma, Ashita[No abstract available]Publication ROS-Responsive Delivery Nanoplatforms in Cancer Theranostics(CRC Press, 2023) Rajak, Naina; Kumar, Praveen; Dhas, Namdev L.; Singh, Yashasvi; Garg, NehaThe partial reduction of molecular oxygen produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Free radicals such as O2�- and H2O2 are the well-known studied ROS in various cancers. ROS plays a crucial role in abnormal cell proliferation and growth. ROS increases genetic instability, metastasis, and angiogenesis and causes damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Elevated levels of ROS also act as pro-tumourigenic by activating pro-survival signalling pathways and loss of function of tumour suppressor genes. ROS enhances the dysfunction of metabolic activity and the formation of oncogenic stimulations. Nowadays, researchers are showing interest in exploring nanoparticles as drug carriers in the construction of drug delivery systems. Targeted nanomedicine therapy is supposed to be a promising strategy for treating cancers. Tumour cells contain typical characteristics, such as low oxygen level, low pH level, high expression of enzymes, and elevation in ROS levels. These all provide low drug targeting, weak drug delivery efficiency, and poor drug penetration in tissues. As a result, researchers use these characteristics as stimulating factors to construct nanocarriers that can enhance the therapeutic effect of anti-tumorous drugs. The development of ROS-responsive nanovehicles for drug delivery to various cancers has made considerable strides, as explained in this chapter. Also mentioned are the existing drawbacks and potential future applications of ROS-stimulated nanoparticles for treating heterogeneous cancer. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Yashwant V. Pathak, Jayvadan K. Patel, Namdev L. Dhas and Vipul P. Patel; individual chapters, the contributors.Publication Spatial Distribution of Stress Orientation by Inversion of Focal Mechanism Solutions Using MSATSI: A Case Study Across Japan Trench(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Das, Sucheta; Sandeep; Devi, Sonia; Mittal, Himanshu; Kumar, Praveen; MonikaEstimation of stress field orientations is a necessary aspect for recognition of crustal mechanics as well as the physics behind occurrence of earthquakes. A case study employing the new MATLAB software package Spatial And Temporal Stress Inversion (SATSI) for stress inversion utilizing the focal mechanism data is presented here to produce stress orientation models in Northeast (NE) Japan. In this work, the study region is divided into 49 small sub-regions so that the stress tensors and focal mechanisms can independently fit in each sub-region. Determination of any stress variation is strongly needed by the data while eliminating the artifacts due to overfitting of noisy or nonuniquely fitting data. To resolve it, a damped inversion procedure was applied which inverted the stresses in all sub-regions, while at the same time reducing the difference in stress between adjacent sub-regions. Earthquake focal mechanisms have been used to determine the stress patterns at depths capable of generating earthquakes in NE Japan since 1960�2021. In this work, 0D, 1D, and 2D stress inversion using the MSATSI (MATLAB package for Spatial And Temporal Stress Inversion) routine was performed and examined the spatial variation of stress orientations over NE Japan along the Japan Trench and put forward recent knowledge about the stress pattern. From the obtained 2D inversion results, a spatially varying stress regime is observed in the crust which demonstrates normal faulting on the subducting Pacific plate which changes to reverse faulting on the Okhotsk plate through an intermediate state of oblique faulting. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Publication Withania somnifera - a magic plant targeting multiple pathways in cancer related inflammation(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Kumar, Praveen; Sharma, Rohit; Garg, NehaBackground: Deregulated inflammatory responses are known to play a pivotal role in cancer initiation and progression. Tumor microenvironment is associated with the presence of a diverse array of inflammatory reactions, which further help tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance. Withania somnifera is known to curb proliferation of cancer cells and lower inflammatory responses. Purpose: In order to minimize the inflammation, cancer treatments often include immunomodulatory drugs. However, given the side effects of both of the cytotoxic cancer drugs and synthetic immunomodulatory agents, there is a need to develop novel anti-inflammatory agents for improved cancer therapy. A number of reports indicate that bioactive phytochemicals derived from W. somnifera exhibit anti-inflammatory capabilities in cancer. A deeper look into the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated in W. somnifera mediated anti inflammation is lacking, which is essential to fully understand the potential of this magical plant in cancer. Therefore, in the present review we are summarizing various reports, which describe mechanistic understanding of W. somnifera in cancer related inflammation. Study design and methodology: In order to gather information on the molecular pathways affected by W. somnifera in cancer related inflammation, �PubMed� and �Science Direct� databases were searched using keywords Withania, cancer inflammation, and Withaferin A. Selected literature was analyzed to cover the role of inflammation in cancer, usage and side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs, W. somnifera as an immunomodulatory agent in cancer, molecular pathways modulated by W. somnifera in various preclinical models, and clinical trials using W. somnifera as an anti-inflammatory agent. Results: Upon literature survey we found that both W. somnifera extracts and Withaferin-A, exhibit anti inflammatory activities in various preclinical cancer models. W. somnifera modulates a number of signaling pathways such as NF-kB, JAK-STAT and AP1 to reduce cancer related inflammation. Anti inflammatory properties of W. somnifera might be effective in the treatment of drug resistance in cancers. Based on its promising effects against cancer associated inflammation in preclinical studies, W. somnifera derived products are being tested in clinical trials. Conclusion: Several preclinical studies demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential of W. somnifera in a variety of cancers. While a few clinical trials are investigating the role of W. somnifera in various diseases, focused studies on its role in cancer related inflammation are lacking. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory effects offer targeting of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is speculated to play a critical role in chemoresistance. Apart from targeting cancer cell proliferation, anti-inflammatory effects of Withania provide double advantage in cancer management. Therefore, clinical trials to target cancer related inflammation using W. somnifera as a drug, should be performed to validate its advantages in cancer therapy. � 2022
